Tonalism
 James McNeill Whistler, Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket, c. 1875; Oil on panel; 60.3 x 46.4 cm | |
| Years active | from the 1880s into the early 20th century |
|---|---|
| Location | United States |
| Major figures | Albert Pinkham Ryder, George Inness, John Henry Twachtman, James McNeill Whistler |
| Influences | French Barbizon school, Hudson River School |
| Influenced | Milton Avery, the Color Field painters, the circle of artists around Alfred Stieglitz and etchers like Edith Loring Getchell |
Tonalism was an artistic style that emerged in the 1880s when American artists began to paint landscape forms with an overall tone of colored atmosphere or mist. Between 1880 and 1915, dark, neutral hues such as gray, brown or blue, often dominated compositions by artists associated with the style.[1] During the late 1890s, American art critics began to use the term "tonal" to describe these works, as well as the lesser-known synonyms Quietism and Intimism.[2][3] Two of the leading associated painters were George Inness and James McNeill Whistler.[4]
Tonalism is sometimes used to describe American landscapes derived from the French Barbizon style,[5] which emphasized mood and shadow.[6] Tonalism was eventually eclipsed by Impressionism and European modernism.
Australian Tonalism emerged as an art movement in Melbourne during the 1910s.
Associated artists
[edit]- Willis Seaver Adams
- Joseph Allworthy
- Edward Mitchell Bannister
- Clarice Beckett
- Ralph Albert Blakelock
- Emanuele Cavalli
- Jean-Charles Cazin
- Colin Colahan
- Paul Cornoyer
- Bruce Crane
- Leon Dabo
- Elliott Daingerfield
- Angel De Cora
- Charles Melville Dewey
- Thomas Dewing
- Charles Warren Eaton
- Henry Farrer
- Edith Loring Getchell
- Percy Gray
- L. Birge Harrison
- Arthur Hoeber
- George Inness
- William Keith
- Percy Leason
- Xavier Martinez
- Arthur Frank Mathews
- Max Meldrum
- Robert Crannell Minor
- John Francis Murphy
- Frank Nuderscher
- Fausto Pirandello
- Henry Ward Ranger
- Granville Redmond
- Albert Pinkham Ryder
- William Sartain
- Edward Steichen
- Dwight William Tryon
- John Twachtman
- Clark Greenwood Voorhees
- James McNeill Whistler
- Alexander Helwig Wyant
- Raymond Dabb Yelland
Gallery
[edit]-
Albert Pinkham Ryder, Siegfried and the Rhine Maidens (1888 - 1891), National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC -
George Inness, Summer Landscape, 1894 -
John H. Twachtman, The White Bridge, c. 1895, Minneapolis Institute of Arts -
Leon Dabo, The Seashore, c. 1900; Oil on masonite; 76.8 x 86.4 cm -
John Francis Murphy, Brooding New York landscape, c. 1900
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ "What is Tonalism? Tonalism Palette, Tonalism Definition". Tonalism. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
- ^ Raynor, Vivien (1982-06-27). "ART; MOODY SCENES FROM TONALISTS". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
- ^ "The Sublime Landscape". tfaoi.org. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
- ^ "The 4 Most Important Names of Tonalism". Widewalls. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
- ^ Avery, Kevin J. & Fischer, Diane P. "American Tonalism: Selections from the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Montclair Art Museum ". Burlington Magazine, Vol. 142, No. 1168, July, 2000. p. 453.
- ^ "American Tonalism". Artsy. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
External links
[edit]- American Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art, a fully digitized 3 volume exhibition catalog
- American Tonalism - Montclair Art Museum
