Falcontoxodon: Difference between revisions
Added {{More citations needed}} tag |
Added what I could. One more citation, and it's the only other paper to mention the genus aside from the original description, so I've removed the more citation needed, as I can't create citations out of thin air. If more specifical parts needs it let me know. Tag: Disambiguation links added |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Monotypic genus of extinct mammals from Venezuela}} |
{{Short description|Monotypic genus of extinct mammals from Venezuela}} |
||
{{More citations needed|date=February 2022}} |
|||
{{Automatic taxobox |
{{Automatic taxobox |
||
| fossil_range = [[Late Pliocene]]-[[Pleistocene]] ([[Tortonian]]-[[Piacenzian]])<br />~{{fossil range|3.6|0.78}}. |
| fossil_range = [[Late Pliocene]]-[[Pleistocene]] ([[Tortonian]]-[[Piacenzian]])<br />~{{fossil range|3.6|0.78}}. |
||
| image = |
| image = |
||
| image_caption = |
| image_caption = |
||
| taxon = Falcontoxodon |
| taxon = Falcontoxodon |
||
| authority = Carrillo ''et al'', 2018 |
| authority = Carrillo ''et al'', 2018 |
||
| Line 14: | Line 13: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
''Falcontoxodon'' is an [[extinct]] [[monotypic]] [[genus]] of [[Toxodontidae|Toxodont]], who lived from the late [[Pliocene]] to the [[Pleistocene]] in what is now [[Venezuela]]. |
''Falcontoxodon'' is an [[extinct]] [[monotypic]] [[genus]] of [[Toxodontidae|Toxodont]], who lived from the late [[Pliocene]] to the [[Pleistocene]] in what is now [[Venezuela]]. [[Fossil]]s of this genus have been found in the [[Chapadmalalan]]-[[Uquian]] [[Codore Formation]], as well as in the more recent [[Ensenadan]] [[San Gregorio Formation]].<ref name=C18/> |
||
==Description== |
==Description== |
||
The genus ''Falcontoxodon'' was established in 2018 by Carrillo ''et al'' with '''AMU-CURS 765''', an almost complete skull with a well-preserved dentition found in the Algodones Member of the [[Codore Formation]]. |
The genus ''Falcontoxodon'' was established in 2018 by Carrillo ''et al'' with '''AMU-CURS 765''', an almost complete skull with a well-preserved dentition found in the Algodones Member of the [[Codore Formation]]. In the same article, two other specimens assigned to ''Falcontoxodon'' were described from the Vergel Member of the [[San Gregorio Formation]], assigned respectively to ''Falcontoxodon'' aff. ''aguilerai'' and ''Falcontoxodon'' sp.<ref name=C18/> In 2021, an analysis of the [[San Gregorio Formation]] by Carrillo-Briceño ''et al'' uncovered thirty-three additional remains, mostly teeth, that were assigned to the genus.<ref name=C21/> |
||
The name of the genus, ''Falcontoxodon'', refers to its relative, ''[[Toxodon]]'', and to the Venezuelan state of [[Falcón]] in Northern Venezuela, where the holotype remains have been found. The species' name, ''aguillerai'', honours the venezuelan [[paleontologist]] Orangel Aguilera. |
The name of the genus, ''Falcontoxodon'', refers to its relative, ''[[Toxodon]]'', and to the Venezuelan state of [[Falcón]] in Northern Venezuela, where the holotype remains have been found. The species' name, ''aguillerai'', honours the venezuelan [[paleontologist]] Orangel Aguilera.<ref name=C18/> |
||
''Falcontoxodon'' was a medium-sized [[Toxodontinae]], estimated to have weighted around 800 kg. |
''Falcontoxodon'' was a medium-sized [[Toxodontinae]], estimated to have weighted around 800 kg, roughly half the weight of [[Toxodon]]. It had a pear-shaped, 55 cm long skull in frontal view, with an elongated nasal. The third upper incisiv was absent and the canin was reduced. The lower molars were [[hypsodont]], and the second lower incisor was developed like a [[tusk]].<ref name=C18/> |
||
==Phylogeny== |
==Phylogeny== |
||
| Line 32: | Line 31: | ||
last7 = Rincón | first7 = A. F. | |
last7 = Rincón | first7 = A. F. | |
||
last8 = Sánchez-Villagra | first8 = M. R. | |
last8 = Sánchez-Villagra | first8 = M. R. | |
||
doi = 10.5479/si.1943-6688.101 | title = The Neogene Record of Northern South American Native Ungulates | journal = Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology| volume = 101 |
doi = 10.5479/si.1943-6688.101 | title = The Neogene Record of Northern South American Native Ungulates | journal = Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology| volume = 101 | year = 2018}}</ref> |
||
{{clade| style=font-size:85%; line-height:85% |
{{clade| style=font-size:85%; line-height:85% |
||
| Line 60: | Line 59: | ||
|1=''[[Palyeidodon]]'' |
|1=''[[Palyeidodon]]'' |
||
|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
||
|1=''[[ |
|1=''[[Hyperotoxodon]]'' |
||
|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
||
|1={{clade |
|1={{clade |
||
| Line 113: | Line 112: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
==Palaeoecology== |
|||
''Falcontoxodon'' lived in a tropical environment in an area of northern [[South America]] that was left relatively untouched by the [[Great American Interchange]], the only non-native species of mammal known in the area of the [[Falcón Basin]] being the [[procyonid]] ''[[Cyonasua]]''<ref name=C18/> and ''[[Chapalmalania]], and, potentially, a [[camelidae]] still unassigned to a specific genus.<ref name=C21/> Its environment was continental, an open, forested [[grassland]] area with [[rainforest]] elements, near [[freshwater]].<ref name=C18/> It coexisted with [[pampathere]]s such as [[Holmesina]] and [[Plaina]], [[proterotheriidae]], the [[glyptodont]] ''[[Boreostemma]]'', the [[dasypodidae]] ''[[Pliodasypus]]'' and the [[ground sloth]] ''[[Eremotherium]]'', as well as several species of [[caviomorph]] [[rodent]]s such as ''[[Caviodon]]'', ''[[Hydrochoeropsis]]'', ''[[Marisela (mammal)|Marisela]]'' and ''[[Neoepiblema]]'', and the [[crocodile]] ''[[Crocodylus falconensis]].<ref name=C21>{{Cite journal | last1 = Carrillo-Briceño| first1 = J. D. | last2 = Sánchez| first2 = R. | last3 = Scheyer| first3 = T.M. | last4 = Carrillo| first4 = J.D. | last5 = Delfino| first5 = M. | last6 = Georgalis | first6 = G.L. | last7 = Kerber | first7 = L. | last8 = Ruiz-Ramoni | first8 = D. | last9 = Birindelli | first9 = J.L.O. | last10 = Cadena | first10 = E.-L. | last11 = Rincón | first11 = A.F. | last12 = Chavez-Hoffmeister | first12 = M. | last13 = Carlini | first13 = A.A. | last14 = Carvalho | first14 = M.R. | last15 = Trejos-Tamayo | first15 = R. | last16 = Vallejo | first16 = F. | last17 = Jaramillo | first17 = C. | last18 = Jones | first18 = D.S. | last19 = Sánchez-Villagra | first19 = M.R. |doi = 10.1186/s13358-020-00216-6 | title = A Pliocene–Pleistocene continental biota from Venezuela | journal = Swiss Journal of Palaeontology |volume = 140(9) | year = 2021}}</ref> |
|||
{{clearleft}} |
{{clearleft}} |
||
Revision as of 05:37, 3 February 2022
| Falcontoxodon | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | †Notoungulata |
| Family: | †Toxodontidae |
| Subfamily: | †Toxodontinae |
| Genus: | †Falcontoxodon Carrillo et al, 2018 |
| Type species | |
| Falcontoxodon aguilerai Carrillo et al, 1887
| |
Falcontoxodon is an extinct monotypic genus of Toxodont, who lived from the late Pliocene to the Pleistocene in what is now Venezuela. Fossils of this genus have been found in the Chapadmalalan-Uquian Codore Formation, as well as in the more recent Ensenadan San Gregorio Formation.[1]
Description
The genus Falcontoxodon was established in 2018 by Carrillo et al with AMU-CURS 765, an almost complete skull with a well-preserved dentition found in the Algodones Member of the Codore Formation. In the same article, two other specimens assigned to Falcontoxodon were described from the Vergel Member of the San Gregorio Formation, assigned respectively to Falcontoxodon aff. aguilerai and Falcontoxodon sp.[1] In 2021, an analysis of the San Gregorio Formation by Carrillo-Briceño et al uncovered thirty-three additional remains, mostly teeth, that were assigned to the genus.[2]
The name of the genus, Falcontoxodon, refers to its relative, Toxodon, and to the Venezuelan state of Falcón in Northern Venezuela, where the holotype remains have been found. The species' name, aguillerai, honours the venezuelan paleontologist Orangel Aguilera.[1]
Falcontoxodon was a medium-sized Toxodontinae, estimated to have weighted around 800 kg, roughly half the weight of Toxodon. It had a pear-shaped, 55 cm long skull in frontal view, with an elongated nasal. The third upper incisiv was absent and the canin was reduced. The lower molars were hypsodont, and the second lower incisor was developed like a tusk.[1]
Phylogeny
The 2018 study that described Falcontoxodon recovers it, along with Mixotoxodon, Gyrinodon and Piauhytherium, on the same monophyletic clade within Toxodontinae. Below is a parsimony tree establishing the relationships between the genera of Toxodontidae, as proposed by Carrillo et al, 2018.[1]
| Toxodonta |
| ||||||||||||||||||
Palaeoecology
Falcontoxodon lived in a tropical environment in an area of northern South America that was left relatively untouched by the Great American Interchange, the only non-native species of mammal known in the area of the Falcón Basin being the procyonid Cyonasua[1] and Chapalmalania, and, potentially, a camelidae still unassigned to a specific genus.[2] Its environment was continental, an open, forested grassland area with rainforest elements, near freshwater.[1] It coexisted with pampatheres such as Holmesina and Plaina, proterotheriidae, the glyptodont Boreostemma, the dasypodidae Pliodasypus and the ground sloth Eremotherium, as well as several species of caviomorph rodents such as Caviodon, Hydrochoeropsis, Marisela and Neoepiblema, and the crocodile Crocodylus falconensis.[2]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Carrillo, J. D.; Amson, E.; Jaramillo, C.; Sánchez, R.; Quiroz, L.; Cuartas, C.; Rincón, A. F.; Sánchez-Villagra, M. R. (2018). "The Neogene Record of Northern South American Native Ungulates". Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. 101. doi:10.5479/si.1943-6688.101.
- ^ a b c Carrillo-Briceño, J. D.; Sánchez, R.; Scheyer, T.M.; Carrillo, J.D.; Delfino, M.; Georgalis, G.L.; Kerber, L.; Ruiz-Ramoni, D.; Birindelli, J.L.O.; Cadena, E.-L.; Rincón, A.F.; Chavez-Hoffmeister, M.; Carlini, A.A.; Carvalho, M.R.; Trejos-Tamayo, R.; Vallejo, F.; Jaramillo, C.; Jones, D.S.; Sánchez-Villagra, M.R. (2021). "A Pliocene–Pleistocene continental biota from Venezuela". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 140(9). doi:10.1186/s13358-020-00216-6.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
.jpg)
