Acarophenacidae: Difference between revisions
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| familia_authority = Cross, 1965 |
| familia_authority = Cross, 1965 |
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| subdivision_ranks = Genera |
| subdivision_ranks = Genera |
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| subdivision = |
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*''[[Adactylidium]]'' <small>Cross, 1965</small> |
*''[[Adactylidium]]'' <small>Cross, 1965</small> |
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*''[[Aegyptophenax]]'' <small>Rady, 1992</small> |
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*''[[Aethiophenax]]'' <small>Mahunka, 1981</small> |
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*''[[Paracarophenax]]'' <small>Cross, 1965</small> |
*''[[Paracarophenax]]'' <small>Cross, 1965</small> |
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*''[[Paradactylidium]]'' <small>Mahunka, 1973</small> |
*''[[Paradactylidium]]'' <small>Mahunka, 1973</small> |
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*''[[Proadactylidium]]'' <small>Khaustov et al., 2021</small> |
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*''[[Protophenax]]'' <small>Magowski, 1994</small> |
*''[[Protophenax]]'' <small>Magowski, 1994</small> |
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'''Acarophenacidae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[mite]]s in the order [[Trombidiformes]] that [[ |
'''Acarophenacidae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[mite]]s in the order [[Trombidiformes]] that are egg [[Parasitoid|parasitoids]] and [[Ectoparasite|ectoparasites]] of [[beetle]]s or [[thrips]].<ref name="Gerson">{{cite book |author=Uri Gerson, Robert L. Smiley & Ronald Ochoa |year=2008 |chapter=Acarophenacidae |pages=74–77 |title=Mites (Acari) for Pest Control |publisher=[[John Wiley and Sons]] |isbn=9781405150972 |doi=10.1002/9780470750995.ch5}}</ref> It contains eight genera and around 40 species.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khaustov |first=Alexander A. |last2=Vorontsov |first2=Dmitry D. |last3=Perkovsky |first3=Evgeny E. |last4=Lindquist |first4=Evert E. |date=2021-01-06 |title=Review of fossil heterostigmatic mites (Acari: Heterostigmata) from late Eocene Rovno Amber. I. Families Tarsocheylidae, Dolichocybidae and Acarophenacidae |url=https://www.biotaxa.org/saa/article/view/saa.26.1.3 |journal=Systematic and Applied Acarology |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=33–61 |doi=10.11158/saa.26.1.3 |issn=1362-1971}}</ref> |
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== Morphology == |
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Acarophenacidae are <200 μm in length and elongate to oval in shape. Distinguishing features are the gnathosoma (mouthparts) partially/completely fused into the propodosoma, indistinct palps and the first leg pair being thickest.<ref name="Gerson" /> |
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== Life cycle == |
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Acarophenacidae have a reduced [[biological life cycle|life cycle]], in which the larvae complete their development within their mother; the entire life cycle can take only 4–5 days.<ref name="Gerson" /> |
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# A mated female rides on an adult insect to disperse to new areas. In genus ''Adactylidium'', she also feeds on the insect's body fluids. |
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# When the insect begins laying eggs, the female drops off to feed on the eggs. Her abdomen swells up greatly ([[physogastrism]]). |
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# Offspring develop within the mother. |
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# Normally one male develops per mother. He develops slightly more quickly than his sisters and inseminates them while still inside the mother's body. |
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# Females leave the mother's body and seek hosts, beginning the cycle again. |
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== Biological control == |
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Some Acarophenacidae have been suggested as biological control agents as they reduce populations of their hosts. These include ''Acarophenax mahunkai'' for the lesser mealworm (''[[Alphitobius diaperinus]]''),<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Steinkraus |first=Donald C. |last2=Cross |first2=Earle A. |date=1993-05-01 |title=Description and Life History of Acarophenax mahunkai, n. sp. (Acari, Tarsonemina: Acarophenacidae), an Egg Parasite of the Lesser Mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/86.3.239 |journal=Annals of the Entomological Society of America |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=239–249 |doi=10.1093/aesa/86.3.239 |issn=0013-8746}}</ref> and ''Acarophenax lacunatus'' for red flour beetle (''[[Red flour beetle|Tribolium castaneum]]'') and lined flat bark beetle (''[[Cryptolestes ferrugineus]]'').<ref>{{Cite journal |last=De Oliveira |first=Carlos R. F. |last2=Faroni |first2=Lêda R. A. |last3=Guedes |first3=Raul N. C. |last4=Gonçalves |first4=José R. |last5=Garcia |first5=Flávia M. |year=2007 |title=[Biology of Acarophenax lacunatus (Cross & Krantz) (Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae) on Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae)] |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17710330/ |journal=Neotropical Entomology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=459–464 |doi=10.1590/s1519-566x2007000300015 |issn=1519-566X |pmid=17710330}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 03:29, 24 June 2022
| Acarophenacidae Temporal range:
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| Family: | Acarophenacidae Cross, 1965
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Acarophenacidae is a family of mites in the order Trombidiformes that are egg parasitoids and ectoparasites of beetles or thrips.[1] It contains eight genera and around 40 species.[2]
Morphology
Acarophenacidae are <200 μm in length and elongate to oval in shape. Distinguishing features are the gnathosoma (mouthparts) partially/completely fused into the propodosoma, indistinct palps and the first leg pair being thickest.[1]
Life cycle
Acarophenacidae have a reduced life cycle, in which the larvae complete their development within their mother; the entire life cycle can take only 4–5 days.[1]
- A mated female rides on an adult insect to disperse to new areas. In genus Adactylidium, she also feeds on the insect's body fluids.
- When the insect begins laying eggs, the female drops off to feed on the eggs. Her abdomen swells up greatly (physogastrism).
- Offspring develop within the mother.
- Normally one male develops per mother. He develops slightly more quickly than his sisters and inseminates them while still inside the mother's body.
- Females leave the mother's body and seek hosts, beginning the cycle again.
Biological control
Some Acarophenacidae have been suggested as biological control agents as they reduce populations of their hosts. These include Acarophenax mahunkai for the lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus),[3] and Acarophenax lacunatus for red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) and lined flat bark beetle (Cryptolestes ferrugineus).[4]
References
- ^ a b c Uri Gerson, Robert L. Smiley & Ronald Ochoa (2008). "Acarophenacidae". Mites (Acari) for Pest Control. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 74–77. doi:10.1002/9780470750995.ch5. ISBN 9781405150972.
- ^ Khaustov, Alexander A.; Vorontsov, Dmitry D.; Perkovsky, Evgeny E.; Lindquist, Evert E. (2021-01-06). "Review of fossil heterostigmatic mites (Acari: Heterostigmata) from late Eocene Rovno Amber. I. Families Tarsocheylidae, Dolichocybidae and Acarophenacidae". Systematic and Applied Acarology. 26 (1): 33–61. doi:10.11158/saa.26.1.3. ISSN 1362-1971.
- ^ Steinkraus, Donald C.; Cross, Earle A. (1993-05-01). "Description and Life History of Acarophenax mahunkai, n. sp. (Acari, Tarsonemina: Acarophenacidae), an Egg Parasite of the Lesser Mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 86 (3): 239–249. doi:10.1093/aesa/86.3.239. ISSN 0013-8746.
- ^ De Oliveira, Carlos R. F.; Faroni, Lêda R. A.; Guedes, Raul N. C.; Gonçalves, José R.; Garcia, Flávia M. (2007). "[Biology of Acarophenax lacunatus (Cross & Krantz) (Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae) on Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae)]". Neotropical Entomology. 36 (3): 459–464. doi:10.1590/s1519-566x2007000300015. ISSN 1519-566X. PMID 17710330.
External links
Data related to Acarophenacidae at Wikispecies
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