Legality of cannabis: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Revision as of 07:37, 5 June 2018

**World laws on possession of small amounts of cannabis for personal use**.
  Partially or essentially legal

  Illegal but decriminalized

  Illegal but often unenforced

  Illegal

  No information

The legality of cannabis varies from country to country. Possession of cannabis is illegal in most countries and has been since the agreement about Indian hemp, also known as hashish, in the International Opium Convention (1925)^[1] and the beginning of widespread cannabis prohibition in the late 1930s.^[2] However, possession of the plant in small quantities has been decriminalized in many countries and sub-national entities in several parts of the world. On 10 December 2013, Uruguay became the first country in the world to legalize the sale, cultivation, and distribution of cannabis.^[3]^[4] In the Netherlands the Opium Law of 1976 enables consumers to buy marijuana in legal "coffeeshops" if certain rules are followed, but large scale production and trade remain illegal. In the United States, federal law prohibits possession or sale of marijuana for any purpose, but the Obama Administration refrained from prosecuting users and dealers operating in compliance with state (see Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction), territory, and Indian reservation laws which permit medical or recreational marijuana.^[5]^[6]

The medicinal use of cannabis is legal in a number of countries, including Canada, the Czech Republic and Israel. Medical cannabis in the United States is legal in 29 states as of December 2016. Pot parlors were legalized in California in November 2016.^[7]

Some countries have laws which are not as vigorously prosecuted as other countries, but apart from the countries which offer access to medical marijuana, most countries have penalties ranging from lenient to very severe. Some infractions are taken more seriously in some countries than others in regard to the cultivation, use, possession or transfer of cannabis for recreational use. A few jurisdictions have lessened penalties for possession of small quantities of cannabis, making it punishable by confiscation and a fine, rather than imprisonment. Some jurisdictions/drug courts use mandatory treatment programs for young or frequent users, with freedom from narcotic drugs as the goal and a few jurisdictions permit cannabis use for medicinal purposes. Routine drug tests to detect cannabis are most common in the United States, and have resulted in jail sentences and loss of employment even for medical use. In most European countries, privacy and labor laws prevent such testing for job applicants.^[8] Simple possession can carry long jail sentences in some countries, particularly in parts of East Asia and Southeast Asia, where the sale of cannabis may lead to life imprisonment or execution.

History

Cannabis has been in use for thousands of years. In India and Nepal, Cannabis has long been used in religious rituals.^[9]

Under the name cannabis, nineteenth-century medical practitioners sold the drug (usually as a tincture), popularizing the word among English-speakers. In 1894, the Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, commissioned by the UK Secretary of State and the Government of India, was instrumental in a decision not to criminalize the drug in those countries (See Shamir and Hacker (2001) in 'further readings' below.)^[10] From the year 1860, different states in the US started to implement regulations for sales of Cannabis sativa.^[11] A 1905 Bulletin from the US Department of Agriculture lists twenty-nine states with laws mentioning cannabis.^[12] In 1925, a change of the International Opium Convention^[13] banned the exportation of Indian hemp to countries that have prohibited its use. Importing countries were required to issue certificates approving the importation, stating that the shipment was to be used "exclusively for medical or scientific purposes".

Around 1840, doctors came to believe that cannabis had a medical value, and it was freely sold for over a century in pharmacies.^[14] Marijuana was freely grown, sold, and used in the United States until it was criminalized in 1937.^[14] The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 made cannabis possession illegal in the United States, except for industrial or medical purposes. Growers of hemp products were required to purchase an annual tax stamp, while hemp retailers were required to purchase stamps priced at $1 per annum.^[15]^{[citation needed]} Mexico prohibited cannabis in 1925, following the International Opium Convention.^[16]

In the late 1980s in California, Dennis Peron started a movement to legalize medical cannabis, opening the San Francisco Cannabis Buyers Club in 1992. It became the headquarters for an activist movement that drafted the Compassionate Use Act, which was transformed into Proposition 215. Proposition 215 was passed into law in November 1996.^[17]

On November 6, 2012, Colorado Amendment 64 and Washington Initiative 502 were passed by popular initiative, thereby becoming the first American states to legalize the recreational use of cannabis under state law. However cannabis is still classified as a Schedule I substance.^[18]

On January 1, 2013, an amendment to the Netherlands' cannabis policy was introduced to "combat drug-related crime and nuisance". The new rule requires cannabis coffee shop owners to monitor the identities of their customers to ensure that only residents of the Netherlands purchase cannabis. Owners are expected to maintain adherence through procedures such as asking customers to produce valid documents to prove their status.^[19]

On May 28, 2013, Colorado governor John Hickenlooper signed two bills that made Colorado the world's first fully regulated recreational cannabis market for adults.^[20] In its independent analysis, the Colorado Center on Law and Policy found that the state could expect to see "$60 million in total combined savings and additional revenue for Colorado's budget with a potential for this number to double after 2017".^[21] Since then, Colorado has had to increase public surveillance and public health awareness on the use of marijuana, as more people have access to the drug.^[22]

Uruguay became the world's first nation to legalize the production, sale, and consumption of cannabis in December 2013 after a 16–13 vote in the Senate.^[3] The government stated that it intended to control production, price, and quality.^[23] Under the new law, people are allowed to buy up to 40 g (1.4 oz) of cannabis from the Uruguayan government each month. Users have to be 18 or older and register in a national database that tracks their consumption. Cultivators are allowed to grow up to 6 crops at their homes each year and must not surpass 480 g (17 oz). Registered smoking clubs are allowed to grow 99 plants annually. Buying cannabis is prohibited for foreigners, and it is illegal to move it across international borders.^[24] In July 2014, implementation was postponed to 2015, amidst controversy about the law's practicality.^[25]^[26]^[27]

As of October 2014, the Government of the Netherlands website explained that coffee shops were permitted to sell cannabis under certain strict conditions: venues could not sell alcoholic drinks; the consumption of alcohol on the premises would not be permitted; the venues must not create any form of public nuisance; "hard drugs" must not be sold; cannabis could not be sold to minors; drugs could not be advertised; and "large quantities" of cannabis (more than five grams) cannot be sold in a single transaction. Individual municipalities were responsible for permitting the establishment of cannabis coffee shops within their boundaries, and also allowed to introduce additional rules.^[19] The Dutch Public Prosecution Service does not prosecute members of the public for "possession of small quantities of soft drugs", which are defined as: "no more than 5 grams of cannabis (marijuana or hash); no more than 5 cannabis plants". It is illegal to grow cannabis plants in the Netherlands, but in cases in which a maximum of five plants is grown for "personal consumption", the authorities will most likely seize the plants, without taking any further action. If more than five plants are seized, the police may also seek prosecution.^[19]

In Switzerland, a ballot measure legalizing Cannabis for personal cultivation and use ("Hemp-Initiative") was rejected in 2008 by popular vote. In some larger Swiss cities, cannabis regulations were relaxed, and the drug was offered as potpourri not intended for smoking. These cannabis stores were tolerated in the late 1990s until about 2003, when they were raided largely due to accusations of tax avoidance.^[28] In 2005, a top-down measure to legalize cannabis through an effort of Swiss parliament was rejected with a narrow margin. With regard to cannabis products derived from fiber hemp or cannabidiol-rich chemotypes, Swiss law explicitly allows for the legal use of all cannabis varieties with a limit of 1% (in most other European countries 0.2%) THC. While narcotic cannabis possession has been decriminalized on a national level since 2010, larger cities and agglomerations have started decriminalization efforts already in the 1970s, limiting legal consequences of cannabis possession to fines, and later tolerating private cannabis clubs. In 2016, a number of shops have started to offer cannabidiol-based cannabis products, which are tolerated by authorities. However, such products are subject to Swiss tobacco tax, with expected federal tax revenues of about 24 million CHF per year.^[29]

In November 2015, Uttarakhand became the first state of India to legalize the cultivation of cannabis for industrial purposes.^[30]

Possession of cannabis in Canada for recreational use is planned to be legalized by the government in 2018; medical cannabis is already legal in line with the country's Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations. During the 2015 federal election campaign, the Liberals (who subsequently formed the new federal government) had promised "new, stronger laws" against sales to minors, driving while impaired, and sales through channels not specifically authorized to do so.^[31]

After November 2016 elections and voting on propositions ended, four states in America, namely Florida, North Dakota, Arkansas, and Montana legalized medical marijuana. Four other states, namely California, Massachusetts, Maine, and Nevada legalized the recreational use of marijuana for adults 21 and older.^[32]

In May 2017, during campaigning for the 2017 United Kingdom general election, the Liberal Democrat party announced in its manifesto that it would support the legalisation of cannabis if elected, permitting licensed stores to sell it to over-18s, letting people use it in their own homes and introducing small "cannabis-smoking clubs". In doing so, the Lib Dems became the first major UK party to advocate cannabis legalisation^[33] (the Green Party of England and Wales having already been in favour of cannabis decriminalisation since the party was formed in 1990^[34]).

By country


Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Afghanistan	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Afghanistan Notes Production banned by King Zahir Shah in 1973.^[35]
Albania	Illegal but often unenforced	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Albania Notes The law of prohibition exists but however with high availability of cannabis plants throughout the country, this law is often unenforced.^[36]^[37]^[38]
Algeria	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Algeria
Andorra	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Angola	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Angola
Antigua and Barbuda	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina	Illegal (decriminalized)	Legal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Argentina Notes Decriminalized for personal use in small amounts and for consumption in private locations, the Supreme Court ruled in 2009.^[39] Medicinal cannabis is legal in Chubut since 23 September 2016^[40], in Santa Fe since 30 November 2016^[41] and at national level since 21 September 2017.^[42]
Armenia	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Armenia
Australia	Decriminalised for personal use in the Northern Territory, South Australia, the Australian Capital Territory, and Victoria.	Legal for medicinal and scientific purposes.	Legal only for medicinal and scientific purposes.	Main article: Cannabis in Australia
Austria	Possession for personal use decriminalized as of January 2016.	Cannabis-derived drugs	Allowed for medical and scientific purposes.^[43]	Main article: Cannabis in Austria
Azerbaijan	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Azerbaijan
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Bahamas	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in the Bahamas
Bahrain	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Bahrain
Bangladesh	Illegal (unenforced)	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Bangladesh Notes Sale banned in 1989.^[44] Possession of cannabis is illegal in Bangladesh, with penalties ranging from six months to fifteen years. However, cannabis is openly sold in many parts of the country and the laws are rarely enforced.^[45]^[46]
Barbados	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Barbados
Belarus	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Belarus
Belgium	Illegal (decriminalized up to three grams)	Cannabis-derived drugs^[47]	Illegal (decriminalized one plant)	Main article: Cannabis in Belgium Notes Since 2003, adults over the age of eighteen had been allowed to possess up to three grams.^[48]^[49]
Belize	Illegal (decriminalized to 10 grams)	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Belize Notes Cannabis use in Belize is common and largely tolerated; however, possession can result in fines or imprisonment.^[50] In 2016, national media reported that legislation to decriminalize possession of up to ten grams was "in the works".^[51]
Benin	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Benin
Bhutan	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Bhutan Notes Cannabis is illegal, but grows prolifically in Bhutan and has multiple traditional uses, such as feeding pigs and producing textiles.^[52]
Bolivia	Decriminalized up to less than 50 grams	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Bosnia and Herzegovina Notes In 2016 it was announced that the Ministry of Civil Affairs had formed a task force to explore the legalizing of cannabis and cannabinoids for medicinal purposes.^[53]
Botswana	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Botswana Notes Cannabis (or dagga) is illegal.^[54]^[55]
Brazil	Illegal (decriminalized for small amounts and private use)	Illegal	Illegal (decriminalized for small amounts)	Main article: Cannabis in Brazil Notes Since 2006, the possession of illegal drugs like cannabis (for personal consumption) entails a warning, community service and education on the effects of drug use. The same measures apply to the planting or preparation of small amounts of any illegal drug. Selling and transportation of any illegal drugs, as well as the possession or cultivation of larger amounts is characterized as drug trafficking, a criminal act punished with five to fifteen years in prison and a significant fine.^[56]
Brunei	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Brunei
Bulgaria	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Bulgaria Notes Cannabis is classified as a class A (High-risk) drug, together with Heroin, Cocaine, Amphetamines and MDMA (ecstasy). Until 2004, a loosely defined "personal dose" existed.
Burkina Faso	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Burundi	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Cambodia	Illegal (unenforced)	Illegal	Illegal (unenforced)	Main article: Cannabis in Cambodia Notes Cannabis is formally illegal in Cambodia.^[57] This prohibition is however lax and enforced opportunistically.^[58]^[59]^[60] Many "Happy" restaurants located in Phnom Penh, Siem Reap and Sihanoukville publicly offer food cooked with marijuana, or as a side garnish.^[61]
Cameroon	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Cameroon
Canada	Illegal	Legal	Illegal (small amounts of plants tolerated)	Main article: Cannabis in Canada Notes Legal with government issued licence for medicinal or industrial purposes. On April 20, 2016, Health Minister Jane Philpott announced that new legislation would be introduced in spring 2017 to legalize and regulate cannabis in Canada.^[62] See Legislation: "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act"^[63]
Cape Verde	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Cape Verde
Central African Republic	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in the Central African Republic
Chad	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Chile	Illegal (decriminalized)	Legal	Legal^[64]	Main article: Cannabis in Chile Notes In 2005, Law 20.000 formally decriminalised private and personal cannabis use.^[65] Since 2014, Chile allows the cultivation of cannabis for medicinal purposes with the authorization of The Chilean Agriculture Service (SAG).^[66] Cultivation of marijuana, personal or collective, is legal in Chile. The Supreme Court ruled in 2015.^[67]^[68]^[69] Sale of marijuana-derived medication is allowed on prescription in pharmacies, from December 2015.^[70] Currently in 2016, a regulation bill which will allow Chileans to grow small amounts of marijuana for medicinal, recreational or spiritual use has been approved by the country's lower house of Congress.^[71]^[72]
People's Republic of China (PRC)	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal^[73]	Main article: Cannabis in China
Colombia	Illegal (decriminalized for up to 22 grams for personal use).	Legal for medicinal and scientific use.	Legal up to twenty plants for personal consumption. No limit for medicinal or scientific use, and if licensed by the "National Anti-narcotics Council"	Main article: Cannabis in Colombia Notes Since 1994, cannabis has been legalized for possession of small amounts up to 22 grams for personal consumption. In 2016, The Supreme Court of Justice stated that someone who is caught with a greater amount than the statutory limit cannot be criminally prosecuted if it is found that the person carries the substance to satisfy their own consumption needs.^[74] It is legal to possess up to twenty plants for personal consumption.^[75]^[76]^[77]
Comoros	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Comoros Notes Cannabis was legal during the Comorian historical period between January 1975 and May 1978, when president Ali Soilih legalized cannabis consumption among other measures.^[78]^[79]
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in the Republic of the Congo
Costa Rica	Illegal (decriminalized)^[80] ^[81]	Illegal	Illegal (decriminalized)	Main article: Cannabis in Costa Rica Notes Some interpret the law to say cannabis is illegal, but there is a high tolerance of smoking marijuana throughout the country.^[80] A decriminalization system is de facto implemented, since police officers do not detain people carrying enough for only personal consumption, yet no amount has been defined as a minimum for possession. The usage of cannabis in Costa Rica is very high.^[81]
Croatia	Illegal (decriminalized^[82]^[83]	Legal for cannabis-based drugs^[83]	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Croatia Notes From 2013, the possession of small amount of marijuana and other light drugs is a misdemeanor which leads to a fine of 5000–20000kn ($800–3500) depending on the case in question. In 2015, the Ministry of Health officially legalized the use of cannabis-based drugs for medicinal purposes for patients with illnesses such as cancer, multiple sclerosis, or AIDS.^[84]
Cuba	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Cuba
Cyprus	Illegal	Limited use of cannabis-derived drugs.^[85]	Illegal (decriminalized for some farms to grow hemp)	Main article: Cannabis in Cyprus Notes Class B substance – life imprisonment is possible for use and maximum eight years for possession (at the maximum two years for the first offence for under 25-year-olds).^[86]
Czech Republic	Illegal (possession of up to 15g decriminalized)	Legal	Illegal (cultivation of up to five bushes decriminalized/cultivation for medicinal purposes subject to license legal)	Main article: Cannabis in the Czech Republic Notes Since 2010 possession of up to fifteen grams for personal use or cultivation of up to five plants is a misdemeanor subject to minor fine - mostly not enforced. Popular destination for smokers.^[87]^[88] Medicinal use of cannabis on prescription has been legal and regulated since 2013.^[89]^[90]
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Denmark	Illegal for recreational use, however, the law is often unenforced by police. (Declared legal in Freetown but this is unrecognized by Danish authorities)	Legal	Legal with government license. Licenses issued for medical production only.	Main article: Cannabis in Denmark Notes As with all drugs, cannabis-related offences are punishable by a fine or imprisonment for up to two years^[91] Freetown Christiania, a self-declared autonomous community in Copenhagen, is known for its cannabis trade.
Djibouti	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Dominica	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Dominica Class B drug to cultivate, sell or possess.^[92]
Dominican Republic	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
East Timor	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in East Timor
Ecuador	Illegal (decriminalized up to ten grams)	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Ecuador Notes As defined by Law 108, possession of small amounts of cannabis is decriminalized.^[93]^[94]^[95] Possession of under ten grams is considered personal use and it is not punished.^[96]
Egypt	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Egypt Notes Although technically illegal, use is widespread and part of every day culture. Convictions for personal use are very rare.^[97] Formerly a plant of high status with several documented medicinal uses in ancient times, cannabis was made illegal in 1925 with the League of Nations’ Geneva International Convention on Narcotic Control, and has been aggressively targeted at various points since then.^[98]
El Salvador	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Eritrea	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Estonia	Illegal (decriminalized)	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Estonia Notes Up to 7.5 grams is considered an amount for personal use, and is punished with a fine. Large amounts and distribution are criminal offences and punishable with a custodial sentence of up to half a decade.^[99]
Ethiopia	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Ethiopia Notes Despite being the spiritual homeland of the Rastafari movement, possession of cannabis can result in up to six months imprisonment.^[100]
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Fiji	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Fiji
Finland	Illegal	Legal under license.	Illegal (medicinal use only)	Main article: Cannabis in Finland Notes Since 2001 personal use cases are generally not prosecuted in court but subject to summary fine. Since 2006, use of medicinal cannabis has been possible under a special license. In 2014, 223 licenses were issued.^[101]
France	Illegal	Some cannabis-derived drugs.	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in France Notes Cultivating, selling, owning or consuming cannabis is prohibited.^[102] However, legislation permitting the sale of medications containing cannabis derivatives was enacted in June 2013.^[103]^[104]
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Gabon	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Gabon
Gambia	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in the Gambia
Georgia	Illegal, but possession for personal use decriminalized	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Georgia (country)
Germany	Illegal Recreational consumption is allowed on the basis of it being considered self-harm.	Legal to those with a prescription	Illegal (Legal if permission is given by "Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices")	Main article: Cannabis in Germany Notes The possession of recreational cannabis is illegal, while consumption itself is legal on the basis of it being considered self-harm, which is not considered a crime. The possession of small amounts is prosecuted, but charges are virtually always dropped. By January 2015, 241 patients have obtained permission for medicinal cannabis products from a pharmacy since 2008.^[105] In mid 2016 around 5000 patients received cannabis products.^[106] On 4 May 2016 the Cabinet of Germany decided to approve the measure for legal cannabis for seriously ill patients who have consulted with a doctor and "have no therapeutic alternative". German Health Minister, Hermann Gröhe, presented the legal draft on the legalization of medicinal cannabis to the cabinet, which took effect in early 2017.^[107]^[108]^[106]^[109]^[110]^[111]
Ghana	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Ghana
Greece	Illegal (but the amount of 0.5 grams or 1 pure/2 impure cannabis cigarettes decriminalised in court if made sure to be for personal use).^[112]^[113]	Legal for medicinal purposes	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Greece Notes Possession or use of even small amounts is illegal in Greece, but if found to be for personal use it's decriminalized in court. Individuals are arrested, although rarely convicted by court. Possession of large quantities may lead to several years in prison.^[114]
Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat)	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Greenland
Grenada	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Grenada
Guatemala	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Guatemala Notes In 2016 a constitutional commission rejected proposals to legalize medicinal or recreational use of cannabis.^[115]^[116]
Guinea	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Guinea-Bissau	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Guyana	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Guyana Notes Possession of 15 grams or over can result in charges of drug trafficking.^[117]
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Haiti	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Honduras	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Honduras Notes The possession, sale, transportation and cultivation of cannabis is illegal in Honduras.^[118]
Hong Kong, SAR of China	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Hong Kong Notes The possession, sale, transportation, cultivation of cannabis is illegal under the Dangerous Drug Ordinance.^[119] (Chapter 134 of the Law of Hong Kong)
Hungary	Illegal	Illegal	illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Hungary Notes There is no distinction in Hungarian law between illicit drugs according to dangers. Heroin use has the same legal consequences as cannabis use.^[120]
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Iceland	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Iceland Notes Banned in 1969.^[121] Consumption is illegal even in small amounts. Possession, sale, transportation and cultivation could result in jail time. Possession is not strictly enforced. Heavy fines are given.^[122]
India	Illegal at the federal level. Legal or tolerated in several states such as Bihar, Odisha, Uttarakhand, West Bengal and the North-Eastern states. Decriminalized in Gujarat.	No	Illegal at the federal level. Industrial hemp legal at the state level in Uttarakhand. Legal or tolerated in several states such as Bihar, Gujarat, Odisha, West Bengal and the North-Eastern states.	Main article: Cannabis in India Notes Government-owned shops in holy cities like Varanasi and few other north Indian states sell cannabis in the form of bhang. Despite the high prevalent usage, cannabis remains illegal, but is rarely enforced and treated as low priority across India. Large tracts of cannabis grow unchecked in the wild in many parts of northern and southern India.^[123] In November 2015, Uttarakhand became the first state of India to legalise the production of industrial hemp.^[124] Bhang was removed from the Prohibition Act in Gujarat in February 2017, hence its consumption and sale has been decriminalized in the state.^[125] Many states such as Bihar, Odisha, West Bengal and the North-Eastern states have their own laws allowing cannabis, locally known as Ganja. In 2016, a Private Member’s Bill was scheduled to be tabled in the Lok Sabha, which calls for the legalisation and regulation of "non-synthetic" intoxicants, including cannabis and opium.^[126]
Indonesia	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Indonesia Notes Banned in 1927.^[127] Minimum sentence of four years in prison (additional fines may apply) if caught in possession.^[128] However, if the user voluntarily reports himself/herself to the police, or is reported by his/her family, the charges will be dropped in accordance to 2009 Narcotics Act, article 24 paragraph 2, 3, 4.
Iran	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Iran
Iraq	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Iraq
Ireland	Illegal^[129]	Illegal^[129]	Illegal^[129]	Main article: Cannabis in Ireland Notes The National Drugs Strategy of 2009–2016 did not favour decriminalising cannabis.^[130] A new strategy is planned from 2017.^[131] Cannabis-derived medicines may be licensed since 2014.^[132]^[133] A review of policy on medicinal cannabis was announced in November 2016,^[134] and a private member's bill to legalise it passed second stage in the Dáil in December 2016.^[135]^[136]^[137]
Israel	Illegal	Legal	Licensed medicinal providers only	Main article: Cannabis in Israel Notes Illegal for recreational use, but limited medicinal uses have been permitted since the 1990s.^[138] In early 2017, Gilad Erdan, the nation's Public Security Minister, announced that Israel planned to decriminalise the possession of cannabis for personal use.^[139]
Italy	Illegal (decriminalized; allowed religious usage)	Legal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Italy Notes Possession of small amounts for personal use is a misdemeanor subject to fines and the suspension of documents (passports or drivers licenses). The sale of cannabis products is illegal and punishable by imprisonment; cultivation is likewise punishable by imprisonment, even if in small amounts and for exclusive personal use. Licensed cultivation for medicinal and industrial use is strictly regulated.^[140]
Ivory Coast	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Ivory Coast
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Jamaica	Illegal (decriminalized), legal if Rastafarian	Illegal	Legal	Main article: Cannabis in Jamaica Notes On 25 February 2015, the Jamaican House of Representatives passed a law decriminalizing possession of up to two ounces of cannabis. The new law includes provisions legalizing the cultivation for personal use of up to five plants, as well as setting up regulations for the cultivation and distribution of cannabis for medicinal, religious purposes and natural growth.^[141]
Japan	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Japan Notes Restricted in 1948.^[142] Use and possession are punishable by up to half a decade imprisonment and a fine. Cultivation, sale, and transport are punishable by up to 7 years or a decade imprisonment and a fine.^[143]
Jordan	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Jordan
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Kazakhstan	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Kazakhstan
Kenya	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Kenya
Kiribati	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Kosovo	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Kuwait	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Kyrgyzstan	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Kyrgyzstan
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Laos	Illegal (unenforced)	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Laos
Latvia	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Latvia Notes Cannabis is illegal in Latvia.^[144] Possession of larger quantities can be punished with up to 1.5 decades in prison. Possession of quantities up to one gram can result in a fine of €280, for second offences within a year period criminal charges are applied.
Lebanon	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Lebanon Notes Hashish banned in 1926;^[145] cannabis cultivation banned in 1992.^[146] Possession is illegal. However, large amounts are grown within the country and personal use, as long as not in public is not a major issue.^[147]
Lesotho	Illegal	Illegal	Medicinal cultivation with Ministry of Health authorisation^[148]	Main article: Cannabis in Lesotho
Liberia	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Liberia
Libya	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Liechtenstein	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Lithuania	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Lithuania
Luxembourg	Illegal (decriminalized)	Legal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Luxembourg Notes Transportation and consumption are illegal. Since 2001, decriminalized and prison penalty has been substituted by a monetary fine ranging from €250 to €2,500.^[149]^[150]
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Macau, SAR of China	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Macau
Macedonia	Illegal	Legal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Macedonia Notes If one possesses a larger amount, a jail sentence of anywhere from three months to five years may be given.^[151] Medicinal cannabis was legalized in 2016.^[152]
Madagascar	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Madagascar
Malaysia	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Malaysia Notes Malaysian legislation provides for a mandatory death penalty for convicted drug traffickers. Individuals arrested in possession of 15 grams (0.5 ounces) of heroin or 200 grams (7 ounces) of marijuana are presumed by law to be trafficking in drugs.^[153]
Malawi	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Malawi Notes Cannabis is illegal in Malawi, but remains a popular drug and widely cultivated; Malawian cannabis is famed internationally for its quality.^[154] Chamba is grown mainly in central and northern regions like Mzuzu.^[155]
Maldives	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in the Maldives
Mali	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Mali
Malta	Illegal (decriminalized up to 3.5g)	Legal for medicinal purposes	Illegal Notes Cultivation of a cannabis plant for personal use will no longer be punishable by a mandatory prison sentence or suspended sentence specialized doctors will be allowed to prescribe medicinal cannabis	Main article: Cannabis in Malta Notes As of 2015, simple possession is decriminalized, but remains an arrestable offense for the police purpose of collecting intelligence about drug trafficking.^[156]^[157]
Marshall Islands	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Mauritania	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Mauritania
Mauritius	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Mauritius
Mexico	Decriminalized for personal use.	Legal for medicinal and scientific purposes. THC content below 1%.^[158]	Legal for medicinal and scientific purposes. Decriminalized for personal use.	Main article: Cannabis in Mexico Notes On 21 August 2009 Mexico decriminalized "personal use" possession of up to five grams of Cannabis.^[159] In November 2015, the Supreme Court ruled that four individuals from the Mexican Society for Responsible and Tolerant Personal Use would be permitted to grow and smoke their own marijuana. The court voted 4-1 that prohibiting people from growing the drug for consumption was unconstitutional as it violated the human right to the free development of one's personality.^[160] In December 2016, Mexico's Senate voted to legalise marijuana for medicinal and scientific purposes - this was approved by the Chamber of Deputies in April 2017.^[161]
Micronesia	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Micronesia
Moldova	Illegal (decriminalized)	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Moldova Notes Possession of small quantity and personal use is not a crime in Moldova, but it is an administrative offence according to Article 85 of the Administrative Offences Code, passed in 2008. Selling, cultivation and transport, however, remain illegal and penalized. The illegal purchase or possession of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances in small amounts without the purpose of further distribution, as well as their consumption without a prescription, are sanctioned with a fine of up to three conventional units or with community service of up to 40 hours.
Monaco	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Mongolia	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Montenegro	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Montenegro
Morocco	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Morocco Notes Cannabis in Morocco has been illegal since the nation's independence in 1957, reaffirmed by a total ban on drugs in 1974, but is partially tolerated in the country, where it has been cultivated for centuries and is still among the world's top producers of hashish.
Mozambique	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Mozambique
Myanmar	Illegal (unenforced)	Illegal	Illegal (unenforced)	Main article: Cannabis in Myanmar
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Namibia	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Namibia Notes Cannabis is illegal; in 2007 the government proposed but declined a 20-year jail sentence for any drug possession.
Nepal	Illegal (legal during Maha Shivaratri)	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Nepal Notes All cannabis licenses canceled in 1973.^[35] Despite being illegal, cannabis is cheap and widely available in Nepal, and the police have little-to-no interest in cannabis-related issues.^[162]
Netherlands	Illegal but tolerated in 'coffeeshops', Decriminalized up to five grams (in case of a police control it is still confiscated), and for public use.	Legal	Illegal (decriminalized up to five plants; plants are generally still destroyed.)	Main article: Cannabis in the Netherlands Notes Personal possession has been decriminalized since 1976, and cannabis products are only sold openly in certain local "coffeeshops" .^[163]^[164]^[165]
New Zealand	Illegal	Limited cannabis-derived pharmaceuticals	Illegal	See also: Cannabis in New Zealand Notes Banned in 1927.^[166] Cultivation, possession and sale of cannabis is illegal.^[167] Legislation to decriminalize medicinal use was introduced in December 2017, but has yet to pass.^[168]^[169] A planned referendum on legality of cannabis is to be held in the future, tentatively scheduled for 2020.
Nicaragua	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Niger	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Nigeria	Illegal	illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Nigeria
North Korea (DPRK)	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Main article: Cannabis in North Korea Notes There are conflicting reports on the legal status of cannabis in North Korea. Multiple reports from defectors and tourists claim there is no law regarding the possession of cannabis (as a result, it is not classified as a drug) in North Korea or if there is, it is mostly unenforced. However, other reports claim that cannabis is illegal.^[170]
Northern Mariana Islands	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in the Northern Mariana Islands Notes A legalization bill failed in 2010.^[171]
Norway	Illegal (decriminalized)	Legal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Norway Notes Up to fifteen grams is considered an amount for personal use, and is punished with a fine in the case of first-time offenders; possessing more is punished more harshly. In December 2017, the Norwegian Parliament announced its intention to decriminalize certain psychoactive drugs for personal use, including cannabis and provide for medical treatment to users rather than enforce fines and imprisonment.^[172]
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Oman	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Oman
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Pakistan	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Pakistan Notes The use of cannabis is prohibited in Pakistan, however the smoking of hashish in Peshawar and the northern parts of Pakistan tends to be tolerated. One may be sent to jail for up to six months if found with charas in other parts of the country.^[173]
Palau	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Palau
Panama	Illegal	Legal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Panama Notes Law 14 of 19 May 2016 regulates the use of "controlled substances for medicinal ends.^[174]
Papua New Guinea	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Papua New Guinea
Paraguay	Illegal (decriminalized up to ten grams)	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Paraguay Notes In Paraguay, Law N° 1.340 (Art. 30), exempted from punishment those in possession of a maximum of ten grams of marijuana for personal consumption.^[175]^[176]
Peru	Illegal (decriminalized)	Limited use of cannabis oil.	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Peru Notes Possession is decriminalized Art. 299 of the Criminal Code. Possession of under eight grams is considered personal use and it is not punished.^[177]^[178]^[179]^[180] Illegal: Cultivation, production or sell is punished with eight to fifteen years in prison.^[181]^[182]
Philippines	Illegal	Provision for medicinal use as per Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002. Pending Government approval	Illegal (For medicinal and scientific purposes only)	Main article: Cannabis in the Philippines Notes Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, makes provision for restricted medicinal use.^[183] Congress introduced House Bill No. 4477, known as the Compassionate Use of Medical Cannabis Act, which would legalize the use of medicinal marijuana.^[184]
Poland	Illegal	Legal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Poland Notes On 26 May 2011, Poland introduced legislation that would give prosecutors the option to not prosecute for possession of small quantities of cannabis for personal use, if it is a first offence, or if the person is drug dependent.^[185] The legislation raised the maximum possible penalty for placing a large number of drugs from ten to twelve years in prison. However, for possession of large quantities of drugs would result up to ten years in prison (previously up to eight years).^[186]
Portugal	Illegal (decriminalized)	Illegal	Illegal (decriminalized)	Main article: Cannabis in Portugal Notes In 2001, Portugal became the first country in the world to decriminalize the use of all drugs.^[187]
Puerto Rico	Illegal	Legal	Illegal (medicinal use only)	Main article: Cannabis in Puerto Rico Notes In 2015 the Governor of Puerto Rico signed a executive order to legalize cannabis for medicinal use only.^[188]
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Qatar	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Qatar
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Romania	Illegal; ban often unenforced)	Legal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Romania Notes Romania was (before 1990) a leader in hemp fiber, second only to China. Possession of small quantities of drug preparations is punishable by a large fine for first offenders, six months to two years in prison if the person has been convicted before. Possession of large amounts or trafficking is punishable by two to seven years of jail time.^[189] Decriminalization proposed.^[190] Medicinal cannabis was legalized in 2013.^[191]^[192]
Russia	Illegal (decriminalized), possession of quantities of up to six grams	Illegal	Illegal (decriminalized), cultivation of up to twenty plants^{[citation needed]}	Main article: Cannabis in Russia Notes Possession of under six grams of cannabis or two grams of hashish is an administrative rather than criminal infraction.^[193]
Rwanda	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Rwanda
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
San Marino	Illegal	Legal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in San Marino
São Tomé and Príncipe	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in São Tomé and Principe
Saudi Arabia	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Saudi Arabia Notes Use and possession for personal use of any kind of recreational drugs is punishable by imprisonment if caught. Imprisonment for personal use could go up to six months jail time or more. Dealing and smuggling of high amounts of drugs usually result in harsher prison time or even execution, although recently executions are rare. Foreigners who use drugs might be deported.^[194]
Senegal	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Senegal
Serbia	illegal ^[195]	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Serbia Notes Possession is punishable by a fine or by imprisonment of up to three years. Sale and transport are punishable by imprisonment from three to twelve years. Cultivation is punishable by imprisonment from six months to five years. Higher penalties for organized crime.^[196]
Seychelles	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Seychelles
Sierra Leone	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Sierra Leone Notes Cannabis banned in 1920.^[197]
Singapore	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Singapore Notes Banned in 1870.^[198] Cannabis is a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act, making it illegal to cultivate, sell or possess. Those who are caught with 500g of cannabis or more, are presumed as drug traffickers, and are punished with a possible death penalty.^[199]^[200]
Slovakia	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Slovakia Notes Possession or use of small amounts of Cannabis (or only one joint) is punishable by up to eight years in prison.^[201]^[202] In April 2012, The Wall Street Journal reported that Robert Fico, the incoming Slovak prime minister, might push for partial legalisation of cannabis possession, and has argued for the legalisation of possession of up to three doses of cannabis for personal use.^[202]
Slovenia	Illegal (decriminalized)	Cannabis-based drugs	Legal for quantities with ≤ 0.2 % THC on a ≤ 0.1 ha surface, or ≥ 0.1 ha surface with a governmental permit for cannabis cultivation.^[203]	Main article: Cannabis in Slovenia Notes Cannabis-based drugs are legal for medicinal use, but not cannabis itself.^[204]^[205] Possession of any drug for personal use is decriminalized.^[206]
Solomon Islands	legal	legal	legal
Somalia	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Somalia
South Africa	illegal but unconstitutional	illegal but unconstitutional	illegal but unconstitutional	Main article: Cannabis in South Africa Notes On the 31st of March, 2017, the Dagga Couple won a landmark ruling in the Western Cape High Court, where they said that the ban on cannabis was unconstitutional, and allowed the dagga couple to take their case on legalizing cannabis to the constitutional court. Due to this landmark ruling, so many news outlets have announced that cannabis was legal in South Africa. This is false, and has actually resulted in a spike of arrests as people were freely smoking it.^[207]^[208]^[209]
South Korea	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in South Korea Cannabis banned under the Cannabis Control Act of 1976.^[210]
South Sudan	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Spain	Legal (Private areas only, illegal in public areas (decriminalized), offenders receive an administrative fine.) Possession of more than 70/100gr. (depending on the autonomous community) is considered as possession with the intention of trafficking.^[211]	Limited cannabis-derived pharmaceuticals	Legal (Only for own consumption. If the plants are located somewhere visible from the street/public place, it is an administrative offense^[212])	Main article: Cannabis in Spain Notes Sale and importation of any quantity of cannabis is a criminal offence, punishable by jail time. The purchase, possession and consumption of cannabis in a public place constitutes a misdemeanour and punishable by a fine and confiscation of the product. Consumption and cultivation by adults in a private space is legal, the latter due to a legal vacuum. Cannabis plants that are located somewhere visible from the street/public place (ie. from balconies) are considered a serious administrative offense, which leads to a fine from 601 to 30.000€.^[213]^[214] About 500 private "cannabis clubs" exist in Spain, 200 of them in Barcelona, and Spain is spoken of as the "new Amsterdam," a destination for marijuana tourists.^[215] All actions related to cannabis apart from sale or trade aren't considered criminal offenses,^[216] and normally are misdemeanors punishable by a fine.^[217] In June 2017, Catalonia legalised cannabis after the government voted by 118 to 9 to regulate the local cannabis clubs; the cultivation, consumption and distribution of cannabis is now legal for those who are members of designated clubs.^[218]
Sri Lanka	Illegal	Used in some Ayurvedic medicines	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Sri Lanka Notes Cannabis is illegal in Sri Lanka though it is commonly used in Ayurvedic traditional medicines.^[219]
Sudan	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Sudan
Suriname	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Suriname Notes Cannabis was banned in Suriname in the early 20th century, having been popularized there by Asian immigrants.^[220]
Swaziland	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Swaziland
Sweden	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Sweden Notes It is illegal to sell, transfer, purchase, use or possess any quantity of cannabis in Sweden. Social stigmatisation through social rejection and exclusion from the labourmarket and social services are the most common sanctions in matters regarding personal use. The national police runs a "disturb and annoy" program aimed at users supported by the national "zero tolerance" policy. .^[221]^[222]
Switzerland	Illegal (decriminalized)	Legal for medicinal purposes.	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Switzerland Notes Since 2012, possession of ten grams or less is decriminalized to a fine.^[223]
Syria	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Syria Notes Under the policies of the government of Bashar al-Assad, many cannabis offences, from simple use to trafficking, reportedly often carried a sentence of life imprisonment. As the country has become destabilised as a result of civil war, people living in areas controlled by Kurdish separatists have begun growing cannabis as a way of making money to fight poverty.^[224]
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Taiwan (Republic of China, ROC)	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Taiwan Notes Cannabis is a schedule 2 narcotic in the ROC, and possession can result in up to three years imprisonment.^[225]
Tajikistan	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Tanzania	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Tanzania
Thailand	Illegal (Poorly enforced)	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Thailand Notes Criminalized in 1935.^[226] According to the Thailand Narcotics Act, B.E. 2522 (1979), possession, cultivation, and transport (import/export) of up to 10 kg cannabis may result in a maximum sentence of half a decade in prison or a fine.^[227]
Togo	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Tonga	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Trinidad and Tobago Notes Banned in 1925.^[228]
Tunisia	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Tunisia Notes Banned in 1953.^[229] Using or possessing entails 1–5 years of imprisonment + 1000-3000 dinars (around 500$-1500$).^[230]^[231]^[232]
Turkey	Illegal	Legal	Legal for medicinal and scientific purposes.^[233]	Main article: Cannabis in Turkey Notes The cultivation of marijuana is legal in nineteen provinces in Turkey for medicincal and scientific purposes. However, with permission this can also be conducted in other provinces too.^[234] Consuming any drug (personal use or not) is illegal and requires juridical process. Possessing, purchasing or receiving any illegal drug, including Cannabis, is punishable by one to two years in prison; there is also the option of treatment or probation for up to three years. If users refuse treatment or do not comply with probation requirements, the courts can decide on sentencing.^[235] Sale and supply is punishable by a prison term of five to ten years, and production or trafficking by a minimum term of ten years.^[235]
Turkmenistan	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Tuvalu	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Uganda	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Uganda
Ukraine	Illegal (decriminalized possession of quantities of up to five grams)	Illegal	Illegal (decriminalized up to ten plants)	Main article: Cannabis in Ukraine ^[236]
United Arab Emirates	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in the United Arab Emirates Notes Even the smallest amounts of the drug can lead to a mandatory four-year prison sentence.^[237]
United Kingdom	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in the United Kingdom Notes Banned in 1928,^[238] made a Class B drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971^[239]
United States	Illegal at the federal level (but legal at the state level in nine states and Washington, D.C.; decriminalized in eighteen states. All Indian Reservations are allowed to regulate cannabis laws; laws vary by reservation.)	Federally illegal; medicinal legal in 29 states, Puerto Rico, and Guam.^[240] All Indian Reservations are allowed to regulate cannabis laws; laws vary by reservation.)	Illegal at the federal level, permitted locally in some states allowing recreational or medical use.	Main articles: Legal history of marijuana in the United States and Legality of cannabis by US state Notes Laws vary by state, Territory, Indian Reservation, and Washington, DC. Federal law classifies cannabis as a Schedule I substance, the same classification as heroin. The United States Supreme Court has ruled in Gonzales v. Raich that the federal government has the power to regulate and criminalize cannabis, even for medicinal purposes. The Department of Justice recently allowed recognized Indian reservations to regulate marijuana within their reservation.^[241] However, despite the Department of Justice stating that federally recognized Indian reservations have the right to regulate cannabis on their land, the Department of Justice's agency, the Drug Enforcement Administration has been raiding and destroying cannabis crops on several reservations creating a double standard among U.S. enforcement agencies.^[242]
Uruguay	Legal (but buying prohibited for foreigners)	Legal for all uses.	Legal (up to six plants)	Main article: Cannabis in Uruguay Notes José Mujica has fully legalized any use of Cannabis in Uruguay; law does not specify quantity for "personal amount".^[243] As of 10 December 2013, the House of Representatives and Senate passed a bill legalizing and regulating the production and sale of the drug. The new law says that buyers must be eighteen or older, residents of Uruguay, and must register with the authorities. Authorities will grow the cannabis that can be sold legally.^[244]^[245]^[246]
Uzbekistan	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Uzbekistan Notes Opiates, cannabis and other plants containing psychotropic substances are illegal.^[247]
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Vanuatu	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal
Venezuela	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Venezuela Notes As of 15 September 2010 possession of up to 20 grams of Marijuana or 5 grams of genetically modified Marijuana, if proven not to be for medicinal or personal consumption, is punishable by one to two years in prison at judge's discretion. If deemed to be for personal consumption, the user is subject to security measures involving rehabilitation and detoxification procedures. Articulos 131 y 153 de la Ley Organica de Drogas.^[248]
Vietnam	Illegal (unenforced)	Illegal (unenforced)	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Vietnam
U.S. Virgin Islands	Illegal (decriminalized), possession of quantities of up to an ounce	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in the United States Virgin Islands Notes In 2014 the governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands approved a bill that decriminalized possession of marijuana up to an ounce.^[249]
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Yemen	Illegal	Illegal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Yemen
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes
Zambia	Illegal	Legal	Legal if licensed by the Minister of Health	Main article: Cannabis in Zambia
Zimbabwe	Illegal	Legal	Illegal	Main article: Cannabis in Zimbabwe
Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Cultivation	Notes

Attitudes regarding legalization

Many advocate legalization of cannabis, believing that it will eliminate the illegal trade and associated crime, yield valuable tax and reduce policing costs.^[250] For example, in Canada, where Cannabis is legal for medical use, with a doctor's prescription, 7 in 10 Canadians also favor full decriminalization according to a June 2016 national poll.^[251]

In 1969, only 16% of voters in the USA supported legalization, according to a Gallup poll. Another said that this number had risen to 36% by 2005.^[252] More recent polling indicates that the number has risen even further; in 2009, between 46% and 56% of US voters said they would support legalization.^[253] According to press reports in 2010, supporters of the California initiative estimate that about $15 billion worth of marijuana is sold every year in the state. Thus, an excise tax on the retail sales of marijuana could raise at least $1.3 billion a year in revenue.^[254]

Attitudes regarding marijuana regulation have also changed as some states (Colorado, Washington, Oregon, Maine, and Alaska) have passed their own laws legalizing marijuana for recreational use. According to a Gallup Poll published in December 2012, 64% of Americans believe the federal government should not intervene in these states. The survey also found an age difference between those that think marijuana should be legal and those that still support prohibition: 60% of 18- to 29-year-olds favor legalization while only 48% of those age 30–64 and 36% of those older than 65 feel this way.^[255]

The marijuana industry has grown significantly since 2000 and federal officials maintain that the legalization of marijuana will contribute to the increase of youth and adolescent use because it will make marijuana easier to obtain, reduce its perceived risks and more adult role models would be smoking it. However, studies in Colorado have shown no connection between legalized marijuana and youth marijuana use. In Colorado teen use is lower than the national average, fewer teens report using marijuana than said they did prior to legalization. Underage use will continue to decrease with strict age limits, Colorado believes, and the implementation of risk awareness programs.^[256] Surveys conducted in Colorado interviewed over 17,000 students in middle & high school showing that from 2009 to 2015 the rates in which teenagers smoked marijuana has decreased. The state of Colorado has also seen the percentage of teenagers who have smoked marijuana in the past 30 days drop to 21%, from 25%.^[257]

In 2014, Colorado invested $2 million generated from marijuana sales tax revenue on campaigns aimed at anti-marijuana education of minors and the state has plans to spend double that amount, $4 million in 2015 (out of a total projected marijuana sales tax revenue of $125 million). The current campaigns provide information on marijuana laws, the impacts of youth use, the dangers of driving under the influence of any drug, and the harmful side effects of using marijuana.^[258] With strict laws on possession and use, the state is working to deter underage and unsafe use. By redirecting Colorado's tax revenues to educational programs for youth and adults the state is showing a commitment to fully inform the public and that may be making strides in keeping youth cannabis use to a minimum, or at least helping to keep teen uses from increasing.

In the Pew Research Center poll released on April 4, 2013, 52 percent of Americans supported legalizing the drug and only 45 percent oppose legalization. While support has generally tracked upward over time, it has spiked 11 percentage points since 2010.^[259] Research conducted by the Pew Research Center in February 2014 showed an increase in the percentage of legalization supporters to 54%,^[260] and that number rose to 61% by January 2018. ^[261]

References

^ "W.W. WILLOUGHBY: OPIUM AS AN INTERNATIONAL PROBLEM, BALTIMORE, THE JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS, 1925". Druglibrary.org. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
^ "Why is Marijuana Illegal?". drugwarrant.com. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
^ ^a ^b Llambias, Felipe (11 December 2013). "Uruguay becomes first country to legalize marijuana trade". Reuters. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
^ "Uruguay es portada en el mundo por marihuana". Archived from the original on 23 June 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Feds won't challenge Washington's pot law". The Seattle Times. 29 August 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
^ "The Federal Ban on Medical Marijuana Was Not Lifted". 4 January 2016.
^ Garrick, David. "San Diego legalizes recreational pot dispensaries". sandiegouniontribune.com.
^ "Walmart fires Michigan man for using medical marijuana". Wzzm13.com. 12 March 2010. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
^ MIA TOUW. The Religious and Medicinal Uses of Cannabis in China, India and Tibet (PDF). Vol. 13. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs.
^ J. Kaplan(1969) "Introduction" of the Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission edited by The Honorable W. Mackworth-Young, et al. (Simla: Government Central Printing Office, 1894) LCCN 74-84211, pp. v-vi.
^ "Senate". New York Times. New York City. 15 February 1860.
^ United States. Bureau of Chemistry (1905). Bulletin, Issues 96-99. Washington, DC: G.P.O.
^ "W.W. Willoughby: Opium as an International Problem, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press, 1925". Druglibrary.org. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
^ ^a ^b Rich, Alex K., and Alexander Stingl. "Legalization Of Marijuana: An Overview". Points Of View: Legalization Of Marijuana (2015): 1. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 3 Apr. 2015.
^ Dir. Ron Mann. Grass: The History of Marijuana. Narrated by Woody Harrelson. Sphinx Productions, 1999. Film.
^ "MEXICO BANS MARIHUANA.; To Stamp Out Drug Plant Which Crazes Its Addicts". New York Times. New York City. 29 December 1925.
^ David M. Fahey; Jon S. Miller (27 August 2013). Alcohol and Drugs in North America: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 124–. ISBN 978-1-59884-479-5.
^ Leger,, Donna Leinwand (11 August 2016). "Marijuana to remain illegal under federal law, DEA says". USA Today. Retrieved 9 December 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c "Toleration policy regarding soft drugs and coffee shops". Government of the Netherlands. Government of the Netherlands. 28 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
^ Hickenlooper, Governor John W. (1 June 2014). "Experimenting with Pot: The State of Colorado's Legalization of Marijuana". Milbank Quarterly. 92 (2): 243–249. doi:10.1111/1468-0009.12056. ISSN 1468-0009. PMC 4089370. PMID 24890246.
^ David Knowles (28 May 2013). "Colorado becomes world's first legal, fully regulated market for recreational marijuana as it anticipates millions in tax revenues". New York Daily News. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
^ Ghosh, Tista (2016). "The Public Health Framework of Legalized Marijuana in Colorado". 21: 21 – via EBSCO. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Jack Davies; Jan De Deken (15 December 2013). "The Architect of Uruguay's Marijuana Legalization Speaks Out". reason.com. Reason Foundation. Retrieved 15 December 2013.
^ Miroff, Nick (10 December 2013). "Uruguay votes to legalize marijuana". The Washington Post. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
^ Flister, Larissa. "The Economic Case for Marijuana Legalization in Canada". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ "Uruguay marijuana sales delayed until 2015: president - AMERICAS". hurriyetdailynews.com.
^ ABC News. "Uruguayan Pot Marketplace May Go up in Smoke, Associated Press". Retrieved 1 August 2014.
^ Schweizer Sondermeldung Archived 2017-03-13 at the Wayback Machine thcenemagazine. Retrieved 12 March 2017
^ "Hanfsteuer bringt dem Bund 25 Millionen". (in German). Tages Anzeiger. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
^ "Uttarakhand To Become First Indian State To Legalise Cannabis Cultivation". Indiatimes. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
^ Cullen, Catherine (30 November 2016). "8 burning questions about the coming federal pot report Who can buy and sell pot, where it will be sold, and who gets the profits, all up in the air". CBC News. CBC. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
^ Steinmetz, Katy. "These States Just Legalized Marijuana". TIME.com. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
^ "Lib Dems to back a 'regulated cannabis market' in UK". BBC News. 12 May 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
^ "Which political parties want to legalise weed?". BBC News. 6 June 2017.
^ ^a ^b Martin Booth (30 September 2011). Cannabis: A History. Transworld. pp. 325–. ISBN 978-1-4090-8489-1.
^ Growing marijuana is an increasing regional problem, SETimes.com, 7 August 2012, retrieved 18 April 2013
^ Report Says Albania Cannabis Growth Mounting, balkaninsight.com, 7 March 2013, retrieved 18 April 2013
^ Albanian Police Seize Cannabis Shipment, balkaninsight.com
^ TNI. "Argentina - Drug Law Reform in Latin America". Retrieved 25 February 2016.
^ "Por primera vez una provincia argentina habilitó el uso de marihuana medicinal". www.politicargentina.com. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
^ ellitoral.com. "Es Ley el uso medicinal del aceite de cannabis". ellitoral.com. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
^ "El Gobierno reglamentó la ley de cannabis medicinal". Infobae. 22 September 2017.
^ "AFP: Austria allows cannabis for medical purposes". afp.google.com. Retrieved 21 July 2008.
^ "Drug Abuse: Where is The Way of Remedy? (Part II- Some Dangerous Silent Killers)". DhakaInsider. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
^ Narcotics Control Act, 1990, Government of Bangladesh.
^ Dhaka, Bangladesh: webehigh, webehigh, retrieved 5 December 2015
^ http://www.flanderstoday.eu/innovation/medical-cannabis-plantation-offers-patients-new-perspectives
^ Police fdrale - CGPR Webteam. "Federale politie - Police fdrale". Retrieved 14 January 2015.
^ Cannabis legal status vault – Belgium, Erowid.org, retrieved 17 February 2011
^ Hubbard, Kirsten. "Drug Laws and Penalties in Central America". About.com. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
^ Adele (20 February 2016). "Laws in the works for marijuana decriminalization | Amandala Newspaper". Amandala.com.bz. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
^ "Bhutan" (PDF). UNODC: South Asia Regional Profile. September 2005.
^ Bosnia Today. "Bosnia to legalize medical marijuana this year - Bosnia Today". Bosniatoday.ba. Archived from the original on 24 September 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Drugs and related substances act no. 18 of 1992 (PDF), Government of Botswana, archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2013, retrieved 3 October 2013 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Is dagga the healing of a nation?, Sunday Standard, archived from the original on 7 October 2013, retrieved 3 October 2013 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Law 11.343, planalto.gov.br
^ "Law on Drug Management (Drug Control)". Council for the Development of Cambodia. Retrieved 16 July 2017. Article 2 : Except for the cases of the article 14, the cultivation of opium poppy, cocoa plants, cannabis indica and cannabis saliva in the Kingdom of Cambodia, shall be prohibited.
^ Soenthrith, Saing (15 March 2013). "Foreigners Arrested in Siem Reap Marijuana Bust". Phnom Penh Post. Retrieved 16 July 2017. Police in Siem Reap City on Tuesday arrested 18 people, including 14 foreign nationals, during raids on two establishments, where they confiscated a stash of marijuana and an as-yet-unidentified powder, police said.
^ Goldberg, Lina. "Recreational drugs in Cambodia". Move To Cambodia. Retrieved 16 July 2017. Foreigners are rarely prosecuted for small amounts of marijuana, but expect to pay a few bribes if you do get caught.
^ Harfenist, Ethan (30 May 2015). "The high life". Phnom Penh Post. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
^ Happy Restaurants (sic) in Sihanoukville, GoSihanoukville.com, retrieved 17 February 2011
^ Federal marijuana legislation to be introduced in spring 2017, Philpott says, CBC News, 20 April 2016, retrieved 20 April 2016
^ Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, retrieved 1 October 2011
^ "Instructivo para acreditar el uso medicinal del cannabis frente a procedimientos policiales" (PDF) (in European Spanish). Retrieved 11 July 2016.
^ TNI. "Chile - Drug Law Reform in Latin America". Retrieved 25 February 2016.
^ "Chile plants cannabis for medicinal use". BBC News. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
^ "El cultivo colectivo de Cannabis, legal en Chile". Retrieved 25 February 2016.
^ "Autocultivo de marihuana es legal en Chile - Delaferia". Delaferia. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
^ "Ana María Gazmuri: "En Chile hoy en día el autocultivo es legal"" (in European Spanish). 24 August 2015. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
^ Grupo Copesa (20 October 2015). "En diciembre estaría autorizada la venta de medicamentos con cannabis en farmacias". Retrieved 25 February 2016.
^ "Chile lawmakers approve marijuana decriminalisation bill". BBC News. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
^ Aftab Ali (8 July 2015). "Chile cannabis decriminalisation: Lawmakers move to let people grown their own marijuana". The Independent. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
^ Chen, J.; Li, Y.; Otto, J.M. (2002). Implementation of Law in the People's Republic of China. The London Leiden Series on Law. Springer Netherlands. p. 202. ISBN 978-90-411-1834-9.
^ "Drogas: la dosis mínima ya no será tan mínima". Semana.com. 14 March 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
^ LEY 30 DE 1986, alcaldiabogota.gov.co, 31 January 1986
^ "Colombia Just Legalized Medical Marijuana". BuzzFeed. 22 December 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
^ "DECRETO NÚMERO 2467 DE 2015" (PDF). Ministry of Health and Social Protection (Colombia). 22 December 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
^ Dossiers sur les 30 Chefs d'Etat ou de Gouvernements tués Archived 23 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Template:Fr
^ Transition, 73 – The Mercenary Position, JSTOR 2935448
^ ^a ^b Chinchilla ve complicado legalizar la marihuana – EL PAÍS – La Nación, Nacion.com, 24 August 2010, archived from the original on 17 February 2011, retrieved 17 February 2011 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ ^a ^b Marijuana in Costa Rica: Laws, History and Potential, The Costa Rica News, 18 December 2015, retrieved 30 December 2015
^ "Zakon o suzbijanju zlouporabe droga" (in Croatian). Retrieved 1 July 2013.
^ ^a ^b "Croatia Legalises Marijuana for Medical Use". Balkan Insight. 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
^ http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/croatia-first-balkan-county-to-legalize-medical-marijuana-10-15-2015-1 {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ Tharoor, Avinash (1 February 2017). "Cyprus Set to Provide Cannabis Oil to Cancer Patients". Talking Drugs. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
^ "Overviews of legal topics: possession of cannabis for personal use". EMCDDA. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
^ The Next Amsterdam – Culture Magazine, Ireadculture.com, retrieved 14 December 2011
^ Carney, Sean (8 December 2009), Wall Street Journal. Czech Govt Allows 5 Cannabis Plants For Personal Use From 2010. 8th December 2009, Blogs.wsj.com, retrieved 17 February 2011
^ "Czech Republic Pharmacies Began Selling Medical Cannabis". The420times.com. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
^ "Czech Republic Legalizes Medical Marijuana Use". Huffingtonpost.com. 15 February 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
^ Denmark marijuana laws – cannabis growing and marijuana seeds, 1stmarijuanagrowerspage.com, retrieved 17 February 2011
^ Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act, Chapter 40:07 (PDF), retrieved 17 February 2011
^ Ecuador, Drug Law Reform in Latin America, retrieved 31 January 2011
^ Law 108 – Ecuador (PDF), retrieved 31 January 2011
^ US Embassy, Ecuador – Information for American Citizens (PDF), retrieved 31 January 2011
^ [1] Archived 2 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine
^ Lama Hasan (5 May 2010), Egypt's Pot Problem? A Marijuana Shortage, ABC News, archived from the original on 1 March 2011, retrieved 31 January 2011 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Seshata, Cannabis in Egypt, The Sensi Seed Bank, retrieved 20 January 2014
^ Europe Guide : Maps of Europe by language, religion, population density, hair and eye color, etc, Eupedia.com, 19 April 1994, retrieved 17 February 2011
^ US warns American Rastas about Ethiopian laws, iol.co.za, 29 January 2005, retrieved 8 October 2011
^ Silvàn, Sini. "Lääkekannabis edelleen marginaalinen lääke" (in Finnish). YLE. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
^ Code de la santé publique (in French), Legifrance.gouv.fr, 29 July 2004, retrieved 17 February 2011
^ Marie Jamet (6 November 2013). "Legalising or decriminalizing cannabis in France: not that easy". Euronews. Retrieved 15 December 2013.
^ Ann Törnkvist (10 June 2013). "French law on pot-based medicine takes effect". The Local. Retrieved 15 December 2013.
^ 241 Patienten haben bisher eine Ausnahmeerlaubnis zur Verwendung von Cannabisblüten aus der Apotheke erhalten, cannabis-med.org, retrieved 17 February 2015
^ ^a ^b Kade, Claudia. "Ab 2017 gibt es Cannabis auf Kassenrezept". Die Welt. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
^ Berlinger, Joshua. "Germany to legalize medicinal marijuana by 2017". CNN. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
^ "Germany to legalise cannabis for medicinal purposes". The Telegraph. 3 May 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
^ "Cannabis als Medizin". Bundesministerium für Gesundheit. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
^ "Cannabis auf Kassenkosten". Tagesschau. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
^ "Medical Cannabis is Now Officially Legal in Germany". Seedsman. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
^ "Δημοσιεύθηκε η ΚΥΑ για την εισαγωγή εγκεκριμένων φαρμακευτικών σκευασμάτων και προϊόντων κάνναβης". moh.gov.gr. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
^ "Cannabis in Greece". 16 August 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017 – via Wikipedia.
^ Ελληνική νομοθεσία για κάνναβη (Greek Law on cannabis) (in Greek), mastouria.informe.com, 27 May 2007, retrieved 10 August 2011
^ Milena Lopez. "Comisión Rechaza Uso Medicinal De La Marihuana En Guatemala". Tn8.tv. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
^ Juan Toro. "Guatemala: Rechazan uso de marihuana medicinal - Cluster Salud, La Industria de la vida". Clustersalud.americaeconomia.com. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
^ "Rastafarian community protests against 'unjust' marijuana laws". Stabroek News. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
^ LEY SOBRE USO INDEBIDO Y TRAFICO ILICITO DE DROGAS Y SUSTANCIAS PSICOTROPICAS
^ Information on the official web site of the Hong Kong Police Force, Police.gov.hk, retrieved 14 December 2011
^ Minstrel, Társaság a Szabadságjogokért: Drogjog 1999VOTED VOTE D2ID : 62, Daath.hu, retrieved 17 February 2011
^ "Marihuana og LSD loks bannað hér!" (in Icelandic). No. 235. Tíminn. 25 October 1969. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
^ Lög um ávana- og fíkniefni 1974 nr. 65 21. maí, www.althingi.is, retrieved 9 February 2009
^ Panchal, Arjuna (8 November 2015). "Starting the day with the cup that kicks". Gujarat: Hindustan Times. Retrieved 24 March 2008. At seven in the morning, people begin slowly trooping into government-run original bhang shops in the district for the drink, made from the leaves of cannabis that grows wild in many parts of Gujarat, India.
^ "Uttarakhand To Become First Indian State To Legalise Cannabis Cultivation". Indiatimes. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
^ "Gujarat further tightens prohibition - Times of India". indiatimes.com. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
^ "Bill for legalised supply of opium, marijuana cleared for Parliament". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 20 January 2017. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^ Thomas H. Slone (2003). Prokem. Masalai Press. pp. 26–. ISBN 978-0-9714127-5-0.
^ "Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No. 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika" (PDF). BNN RI. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Drug offences". Dublin: Citizens Information Board. 20 July 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
^ "National Drugs Strategy (interim) 2009-2016" (PDF). Official publications. Department of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs. June 2009. p. 26, sec.2.49. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
^ "Minister Catherine Byrne TD announces a Public Consultation on the New National Drugs Strategy" (Press release). Ireland: Department of Health. 6 September 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
^ "Medicinal Products Availability: : Written answers". Dáil Éireann debates. KildareStreet.com. 26 October 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
^ "S.I. No. 323/2014 - Misuse of Drugs (Amendment) Regulations 2014". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
^ Harris, Simon (10 November 2016). "Joint Oireachtas Committee on Health: Quarterly Update On Health Issues: Discussion". Oireachtas Joint and Select Committees proceedings. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
^ "Cannabis for Medicinal Use (Regulations) Bill 2016: Second Stage [Private Members]". Dáil debates. kildarestreet.com. 1 December 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
^ "Medicinal cannabis bill passes Dáil without vote". RTE.ie. 1 December 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
^ "Cannabis for Medicinal Use Regulation Bill 2016 Bill 2016 [PMB]". Bills. Oireachtas. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
^ Cannabis legal status vault – Israel, Erowid.org, retrieved 17 February 2011
^ Israel to decriminalise marijuana for personal use, The Independent, 26 January 2017, retrieved 27 January 2017
^ "linkonline.it". Retrieved 14 January 2015.
^ "Jamaica Lawmakers Decriminalize Small Amounts of 'Ganja'". ABC News. 25 February 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
^ Minoru Shikita; Shinichi Tsuchiya (6 December 2012). Crime and Criminal Policy in Japan: Analysis and Evaluation of the Showa Era, 1926–1988. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 13–. ISBN 978-1-4612-2816-5.
^ Cannabis Control Law, japanhemp.org, retrieved 4 August 2015
^ "Par Krimināllikuma spēkā stāšanās un piemērošanas kārtību" (in Latvian). likumi.lv. Retrieved 23 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^ Robert Connell Clarke (1998). Hashish!. Red Eye Press. ISBN 978-0-929349-05-3.
^ Réalités. Spectacle du monde. May 1996. p. 354. Les Américains ne lâchant pas prise, le gouvernement libanais interdisait officiellement la culture du pavot et du cannabis en 1992.
^ In Lebanon, a comeback for cannabis / The Christian Science Monitor, CSMonitor.com, 16 October 2007, retrieved 17 February 2011
^ Lesotho Just Granted Africa's First Legal Marijuana License - OkayAfrica
^ "Art. 7 and Art. 8 refer to the usage of narcotics" (PDF), Excerpt of the "Mémorial A" of the Luxembourgish legislation
^ Joyce H. Lowinson (2005). Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 31–. ISBN 978-0-7817-3474-5.
^ European Coalition for Just and Effective Drug Policies, Encod.org, archived from the original on 18 May 2011, retrieved 17 February 2011 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Macedonia: Parliament Legalizes Medical Marijuana". Eurasia Review.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Malaysia, Travel.state.gov, archived from the original on 17 February 2011, retrieved 17 February 2011 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "AFRICA | Malawi Rastas' marijuana struggle". BBC News. 11 September 2000. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
^ "Marijuana Cultivation Increases in Malawi - New York Times". Nytimes.com. 17 December 1998. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
^ "New drugs reform law into force today– what has changed?". MaltaToday.com.mt. 15 April 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
^ Neil Camilleri (17 March 2015). "Simple possession to remain an 'arrestable offence' - but only to fight drug trade – Bonnici - The Malta Independent". Independent.com.mt. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
^ Janikian, Michelle (14 September 2017). "Legal Pot In Mexico: Everything You Need to Know". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
^ "Mexico Legalizes Drug Possession". The New York Times. 21 August 2009. Retrieved 4 April 2010.
^ "Mexico court ruling could eventually lead to legal marijuana". BBC. 4 November 2015. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
^ "Mexico approves legalising medical marijuana". The Independent. 30 April 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "Kathmandu, Nepal", webehigh, retrieved 1 November 2016
^ Use drop-down menu on site to view Netherlands entry.), Eldd.emcdda.europa.eu, retrieved 17 February 2011
^ Drugs Policy in the Netherlands, Ukcia.org, retrieved 17 February 2011
^ "Amsterdam Will Ban Tourists from Pot Coffee Shops". Atlantic Wire. 27 May 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
^ Dangerous Drugs Act, 1927
^ Illicit Drugs - offences and penalties, New Zealand Government, retrieved 28 May 2016
^ "Medicinal cannabis legislation introduced to 'ease suffering'". NZ Herald. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
^ "Government rules terminally ill people allowed to smoke cannabis". Newshub. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
^ Shearlaw, Maeve (13 May 2014). "Mythbusters: uncovering the truth about North Korea". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
^ "Weed Bill Would Legalize Use in US Commonwealth". CBS News. 3 November 2010. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
^ Historisk i Stortinget: Slutt på straff for rusmisbrukere - Rusmidler - VG.no, 13.12.2017
^ Cannabis legal status vault – Pakistan/Peshawar, Erowid.org
^ "Ley 14 si contempla y permite uso de marihuana para medicina" (in Spanish). Critica. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
^ TNI. "Paraguay - Drug Law Reform in Latin America". Retrieved 25 February 2016.
^ "En Paraguay, la posesión y consumo personal de la marihuana es legal". E'a. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
^ "Modificando el Código Penal en materia de Tráfico Ilícito de Drogas". Instituto de Defensa Legal – Seguridad Ciudadana. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012.
^ "Ley Nº 28002" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Código Penal. Decreto Legislativo Nº 635".
^ Manuel Vigo. "Peru rules out proposals to legalize marijuana". Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Legalización de la marihuana en Perú a debate". Peru21. 19 July 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
^ TNI. "Peru - Drug Law Reform in Latin America". Retrieved 25 February 2016.
^ R.a. 9165, Lawphil.net, retrieved 17 February 2011
^ "Experts study medical pot use". Inquirer. 10 July 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
^ "Poland Approves Drug Decriminalization -- Sort Of". stopthedrugwar.org. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
^ Drugs in small quantity and for personal use with no punishment – Poland, Interia.pl, 26 May 2011, archived from the original on 29 May 2011, retrieved 29 May 2011 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ EMCDDA:Drug policy profiles, Portugal, Emcdda.europa.eu, 17 August 2011, retrieved 14 December 2011
^ Sifferlin, Alexandra (4 May 2015). "Puerto Rico Governor Signs Executive Order to Legalize Medical Marijuana". TIME. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
^ Pedepsele pentru traficul și consumul de droguri s-au redus. Totuși..., Reporter NTV, 10 February 2015, retrieved 4 September 2017
^ Raport pentru EBA: Comisia prezidenţială susţine dezincriminarea consumului de droguri şi sexul comercial, Antena3.ro, 22 September 2009, retrieved 17 February 2011
^ "Romania Legalizes Medical Marijuana, Becomes 10th EU Country To Permit Theraputic Use". Novinite. 6 October 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
^ "ANM: Nu avem nicio cerere de punere pe piaţă a canabisului medicinal; dacă ar fi, am aproba-o". Retrieved 3 October 2013.
^ USA. "Half a gram – a thousand lives". Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. PMC 2474596. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
^ US Department of State – International Travel – Saudi Arabia, Travel.state.gov, archived from the original on 11 December 2013, retrieved 17 February 2011 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Serbian Cannabis: Between Pain and the Law, VICE, 2016, retrieved 27 July 2016
^ Krivični zakonik (The Criminal Code), paragraf.rs, 2013, retrieved 17 February 2011
^ Emmanuel Akyeampong; Allan G. Hill; Arthur Kleinman (1 May 2015). The Culture of Mental Illness and Psychiatric Practice in Africa. Indiana University Press. pp. 39–. ISBN 978-0-253-01304-0.
^ Nanthawan Bunyapraphatsō̜n (1999). Medicinal and poisonous plants. Backhuys Publishers. p. 169. ISBN 978-90-5782-042-7.
^ Cannabis legal status vault – Singapore, Erowid.org, retrieved 17 February 2011
^ "MISUSE OF DRUGS ACT". Attorney-General's Chamber. Singapore Government. 31 March 2008. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
^ "High contrast". The Economist. London: Economist Newspaper. 26 August 2010. ISSN 0013-0613. OCLC 60625410. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
^ ^a ^b Rousek, Leos (3 April 2012). "Slovakia's Incoming Leftist Premier Wants to Relax Tough Cannabis Laws". The Wall Street Journal. New York, NY: Dow Jones. ISSN 0099-9660. OCLC 43638285. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
^ "Uradni list Republike Slovenije". Retrieved 14 January 2015.
^ "Slovenija dovolila uporabo konoplje v medicinske namene". Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
^ "Uporaba konoplje v medicini". "NIJZ". Retrieved 12 September 2015.
^ "Zakon o proizvodnji in prometu s prepovedanimi drogami (ZPPPD)". "Uradni List". Retrieved 12 September 2015.
^ https://herb.co/2017/05/01/cannabis-south-africa/
^ https://btl.co.za/is-weed-legal-in-south-africa/
^ https://businesstech.co.za/news/lifestyle/167873/understanding-the-court-ruling-to-legalise-smoking-weed-at-home-in-south-africa/
^ Korea News Review. Korea Herald, Incorporated. 1988. p. 44.
^ "Somos Policías: Tenencia de drogas: ¿Consumo propio o tráfico ilícito?". Somos-policias.blogspot.com. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
^ Mac. "¿El auto cultivo de marihuana se despenaliza en España?". La Marihuana. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
^ Javier González Granado. "cannabis.es - EL AUTOCULTIVO DE CANNABIS EN LA NUEVA LEY DE SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA". cannabis.es. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
^ "Is Cannabis Legal in Spain?". Gospain.about.com. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
^ "El 'boom' de clubs de cannabis atrae el turismo del porro a Barcelona," "La Vanguardia," 19 January 2014, http://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20140119/54399239955/boom-clubs-cannabis-turismo-porro-barcelona.html
^ Mac. "Marihuana y su legalidad en España". La Marihuana. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
^ "España endurece las leyes sobre el cannabis en plena corriente mundial por la despenalización". El Huffington Post. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
^ "Catalonia legalises marijuana consumption, cultivation and distribution". The Independent. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
^ Marijuana Should be Allowed; Sri Lanka Indigenous Medicine Minister Says :: NIDAHASA News, News.nidahasa.com, 2 July 2009, retrieved 17 February 2011
^ Rosemarijn Hoefte (1998). In Place of Slavery: A Social History of British Indian and Javanese Laborers in Suriname. University Press of Florida. pp. 160–. ISBN 978-0-8130-1625-2.
^ Swedish drug control FINAL_14feb_merged (PDF), retrieved 17 February 2011
^ RättsPM 2009:1 (PDF) (in Swedish), Åklagarmyndighetens Utvecklngscentrum, 2009^{[permanent dead link]}
^ "FF 2012 7539" (PDF). Retrieved 16 November 2016.
^ Ahmad, Rozh (24 August 2012). "http://www.rudaw.net/english/news/syria/5123.html". Rudaw. Retrieved 17 December 2012. {{cite news}}: External link in |title= (help)
^ Cannabis legal status vault – Taiwan, Erowid.org, retrieved 1 November 2015
^ "พระราชบัญญัติกันชา พุทธศักราช ๒๔๗๗" (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette. 52: 339–343. 5 May 1935. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
^ Eric Blair (2001), History of Marijuana Use and Anti-Marijuana Laws in Thailand, retrieved 27 August 2015
^ Axel Klein; Marcus Day; Anthony Harriott (13 November 2004). Caribbean Drugs: From Criminalization to Harm Reduction. Zed Books. pp. 58–. ISBN 978-1-84277-499-1.
^ United Nations. Commission on Narcotic Drugs (1949). Summary of Annual Reports of Governments Relating to Opium and Other Narcotic Drugs. TUNISIA 18. A Decree of 23 April 1953" (published in the Journal Officiel Tunisien of 28 April 1953) prohibits the cultivation of cannabis and the use of takrouri (cannabis) and specifies the conditions under which the ...
^ The Rough Guide to Tunisia – Daniel Jacobs, Peter Morris – Google grâmatas. Books.google.com. 2001. ISBN 9781858287485. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
^ "Tunisia accuses 'missing' Maltese of smuggling cannabis". timesofmalta.com. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20151219114432/http://www.legislation-securite.tn/ar/node/34556. Archived from the original on 19 December 2015. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Turkey legalises controlled cannabis production in nineteen provinces". Retrieved 16 October 2016.
^ "Türkiye'de 19 ilde kenevir yasallaştı" (in Turkish). Retrieved 13 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (31 January 2012), Country overview: Turkey, Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, OCLC 527925326
^ Ответственность за выращивание конопли и хранение марихуаны, zakon-online.com.ua, 12 September 2012, retrieved 22 July 2014
^ "UAE Drug Laws". BBC News. 8 February 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
^ Paul Manning (11 January 2013). Drugs and Popular Culture. Routledge. pp. 136–. ISBN 978-1-134-01211-4.
^ "Drug Laws". United Kingdom Home Office. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
^ "State Marijuana Laws Map". Retrieved 25 February 2016.
^ the D.O.J. allows indian reservations to grow and sell marijuana, nwherald.com, 12 December 2014, retrieved 24 December 2014
^ DEA indian cannabis raid double standard, alternet, retrieved 18 November 2015
^ Cannabis South American laws, Erowid.org, March 1995
^ "The experiment: Another blow against prohibition". The Economist. 1 August 2013.
^ "Uruguay becomes first country to legalize marijuana trade". Reuters. 10 December 2013.
^ "Uruguay marijuana sales delayed until 2015: president - AMERICAS". Retrieved 14 January 2015.
^ "Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan" (in Uzbek). The national database of legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
^ Ley Orgánica de Drogas – Sept.10 (PDF), retrieved 17 February 2011
^ "U.S. Virgin Islands decriminalized marijuana". United States: Marijuana.com. 23 December 2014.
^ Miron, Jeffrey A "The Budgetary Implications of Drug Prohibition" Harvard.edu 2010
^ "7 in 10 Canadians support marijuana legalization". CTV News. 30 June 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
^ "Who supports cannabis legalization?". Retrieved 31 August 2009.
^ Grim, Ryan (6 May 2009). "Majority of Americans Want Pot Legalized". Huffington Post. Retrieved 31 August 2009.
^ Ghosh, Palash R. (19 October 2010). "The Pros and Cons of Drug Legalization in the U.S." International Business Times. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
^ "Americans Want Federal Gov't Out of State Marijuana Laws". Retrieved 4 April 2013.
^ Salley, Mark (7 August 2014). "News: New survey documents youth marijuana use, need for prevention". Archived from the original on 4 December 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Ingraham, Christopher. "Now we know what happens to teens when you make pot legal". The Washington Post. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
^ "Retail marijuana technical assistance". Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
^ "Majority Now Supports Legalizing Marijuana". Retrieved 4 April 2013.
^ "America's New Drug Policy Landscape". Pew Research Center. Pew Research Center. 2 April 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
^ http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/01/05/americans-support-marijuana-legalization/
^ Abuse, National Institute on Drug. "Synthetic Cannabinoids (K2/Spice)".

External links

Smokebits.com, Where is marijuana legal (US edition)? : Detailed article and map.
Smokebits.com, Where is marijuana legal (global edition)? : Detailed article and map.
CannabisLegality.com, live dynamic map
European laws on possession of cannabis for personal use from EMCDDA
National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML)
Australian laws on possession of cannabis for personal use
Cannabis Legality by Country - Live Dynamic Map
Should cannabis be legal? - Wikidebate at Wikiversity

[1] "W.W. WILLOUGHBY: OPIUM AS AN INTERNATIONAL PROBLEM, BALTIMORE, THE JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS, 1925". Druglibrary.org. Retrieved 9 March 2011.

[2] "Why is Marijuana Illegal?". drugwarrant.com. Retrieved 17 January 2011.

[reuters-3] Llambias, Felipe (11 December 2013). "Uruguay becomes first country to legalize marijuana trade". Reuters. Retrieved 11 December 2013.

[4] "Uruguay es portada en el mundo por marihuana". Archived from the original on 23 June 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[AD091713-5] "Feds won't challenge Washington's pot law". The Seattle Times. 29 August 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.

[6] "The Federal Ban on Medical Marijuana Was Not Lifted". 4 January 2016.

[7] Garrick, David. "San Diego legalizes recreational pot dispensaries". sandiegouniontribune.com.

[8] "Walmart fires Michigan man for using medical marijuana". Wzzm13.com. 12 March 2010. Retrieved 17 February 2011.

[9] MIA TOUW. The Religious and Medicinal Uses of Cannabis in China, India and Tibet (PDF). Vol. 13. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs.

[10] J. Kaplan(1969) "Introduction" of the Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission edited by The Honorable W. Mackworth-Young, et al. (Simla: Government Central Printing Office, 1894) LCCN 74-84211, pp. v-vi.

[11] "Senate". New York Times. New York City. 15 February 1860.

[12] United States. Bureau of Chemistry (1905). Bulletin, Issues 96-99. Washington, DC: G.P.O.

[13] "W.W. Willoughby: Opium as an International Problem, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press, 1925". Druglibrary.org. Retrieved 17 February 2011.

[Rich,_Alex_K._2015-14] Rich, Alex K., and Alexander Stingl. "Legalization Of Marijuana: An Overview". Points Of View: Legalization Of Marijuana (2015): 1. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 3 Apr. 2015.

[15] Dir. Ron Mann. Grass: The History of Marijuana. Narrated by Woody Harrelson. Sphinx Productions, 1999. Film.

[16] "MEXICO BANS MARIHUANA.; To Stamp Out Drug Plant Which Crazes Its Addicts". New York Times. New York City. 29 December 1925.

[FaheyMiller2013-17] David M. Fahey; Jon S. Miller (27 August 2013). Alcohol and Drugs in North America: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 124–. ISBN 978-1-59884-479-5.

[usat160811-18] Leger,, Donna Leinwand (11 August 2016). "Marijuana to remain illegal under federal law, DEA says". USA Today. Retrieved 9 December 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)

[Gon-19] "Toleration policy regarding soft drugs and coffee shops". Government of the Netherlands. Government of the Netherlands. 28 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.

[20] Hickenlooper, Governor John W. (1 June 2014). "Experimenting with Pot: The State of Colorado's Legalization of Marijuana". Milbank Quarterly. 92 (2): 243–249. doi:10.1111/1468-0009.12056. ISSN 1468-0009. PMC 4089370. PMID 24890246.

[David-21] David Knowles (28 May 2013). "Colorado becomes world's first legal, fully regulated market for recreational marijuana as it anticipates millions in tax revenues". New York Daily News. Retrieved 29 May 2013.

[22] Ghosh, Tista (2016). "The Public Health Framework of Legalized Marijuana in Colorado". 21: 21 – via EBSCO. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[23] Jack Davies; Jan De Deken (15 December 2013). "The Architect of Uruguay's Marijuana Legalization Speaks Out". reason.com. Reason Foundation. Retrieved 15 December 2013.

[24] Miroff, Nick (10 December 2013). "Uruguay votes to legalize marijuana". The Washington Post. Retrieved 11 December 2013.

[25] Flister, Larissa. "The Economic Case for Marijuana Legalization in Canada". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[26] "Uruguay marijuana sales delayed until 2015: president - AMERICAS". hurriyetdailynews.com.

[27] ABC News. "Uruguayan Pot Marketplace May Go up in Smoke, Associated Press". Retrieved 1 August 2014.

[28] Schweizer Sondermeldung Archived 2017-03-13 at the Wayback Machine thcenemagazine. Retrieved 12 March 2017

[29] "Hanfsteuer bringt dem Bund 25 Millionen". (in German). Tages Anzeiger. Retrieved 12 March 2017.

[30] "Uttarakhand To Become First Indian State To Legalise Cannabis Cultivation". Indiatimes. Retrieved 12 March 2017.

[31] Cullen, Catherine (30 November 2016). "8 burning questions about the coming federal pot report Who can buy and sell pot, where it will be sold, and who gets the profits, all up in the air". CBC News. CBC. Retrieved 30 November 2016.

[32] Steinmetz, Katy. "These States Just Legalized Marijuana". TIME.com. Retrieved 12 December 2016.

[33] "Lib Dems to back a 'regulated cannabis market' in UK". BBC News. 12 May 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2017.

[34] "Which political parties want to legalise weed?". BBC News. 6 June 2017.

[Booth2011-35] Martin Booth (30 September 2011). Cannabis: A History. Transworld. pp. 325–. ISBN 978-1-4090-8489-1.

[setimes-albania-36] Growing marijuana is an increasing regional problem, SETimes.com, 7 August 2012, retrieved 18 April 2013

[balkaninsight-albania-1-37] Report Says Albania Cannabis Growth Mounting, balkaninsight.com, 7 March 2013, retrieved 18 April 2013

[balkaninsight-albania-2-38] Albanian Police Seize Cannabis Shipment, balkaninsight.com

[39] TNI. "Argentina - Drug Law Reform in Latin America". Retrieved 25 February 2016.

[40] "Por primera vez una provincia argentina habilitó el uso de marihuana medicinal". www.politicargentina.com. Retrieved 6 September 2017.

[41] toral.com. "Es Ley el uso medicinal del aceite de cannabis". ellitoral.com. Retrieved 6 September 2017.

[42] "El Gobierno reglamentó la ley de cannabis medicinal". Infobae. 22 September 2017.

[43] "AFP: Austria allows cannabis for medical purposes". afp.google.com. Retrieved 21 July 2008.

[44] "Drug Abuse: Where is The Way of Remedy? (Part II- Some Dangerous Silent Killers)". DhakaInsider. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2016.

[45] Narcotics Control Act, 1990, Government of Bangladesh.

[46] Dhaka, Bangladesh: webehigh, webehigh, retrieved 5 December 2015

[47] ttp://www.flanderstoday.eu/innovation/medical-cannabis-plantation-offers-patients-new-perspectives

[48] Police fdrale - CGPR Webteam. "Federale politie - Police fdrale". Retrieved 14 January 2015.

[49] Cannabis legal status vault – Belgium, Erowid.org, retrieved 17 February 2011

[50] Hubbard, Kirsten. "Drug Laws and Penalties in Central America". About.com. Retrieved 2 January 2014.

[51] Adele (20 February 2016). "Laws in the works for marijuana decriminalization | Amandala Newspaper". Amandala.com.bz. Retrieved 30 November 2016.

[52] "Bhutan" (PDF). UNODC: South Asia Regional Profile. September 2005.

[53] Bosnia Today. "Bosnia to legalize medical marijuana this year - Bosnia Today". Bosniatoday.ba. Archived from the original on 24 September 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[54] Drugs and related substances act no. 18 of 1992 (PDF), Government of Botswana, archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2013, retrieved 3 October 2013 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[55] Is dagga the healing of a nation?, Sunday Standard, archived from the original on 7 October 2013, retrieved 3 October 2013 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[56] Law 11.343, planalto.gov.br

[57] "Law on Drug Management (Drug Control)". Council for the Development of Cambodia. Retrieved 16 July 2017. Article 2 : Except for the cases of the article 14, the cultivation of opium poppy, cocoa plants, cannabis indica and cannabis saliva in the Kingdom of Cambodia, shall be prohibited.

[58] Soenthrith, Saing (15 March 2013). "Foreigners Arrested in Siem Reap Marijuana Bust". Phnom Penh Post. Retrieved 16 July 2017. Police in Siem Reap City on Tuesday arrested 18 people, including 14 foreign nationals, during raids on two establishments, where they confiscated a stash of marijuana and an as-yet-unidentified powder, police said.

[59] Goldberg, Lina. "Recreational drugs in Cambodia". Move To Cambodia. Retrieved 16 July 2017. Foreigners are rarely prosecuted for small amounts of marijuana, but expect to pay a few bribes if you do get caught.

[60] Harfenist, Ethan (30 May 2015). "The high life". Phnom Penh Post. Retrieved 16 July 2017.

[61] Happy Restaurants (sic) in Sihanoukville, GoSihanoukville.com, retrieved 17 February 2011

[62] Federal marijuana legislation to be introduced in spring 2017, Philpott says, CBC News, 20 April 2016, retrieved 20 April 2016

[63] Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, retrieved 1 October 2011

[64] "Instructivo para acreditar el uso medicinal del cannabis frente a procedimientos policiales" (PDF) (in European Spanish). Retrieved 11 July 2016.

[65] TNI. "Chile - Drug Law Reform in Latin America". Retrieved 25 February 2016.

[66] "Chile plants cannabis for medicinal use". BBC News. Retrieved 25 February 2016.

[67] "El cultivo colectivo de Cannabis, legal en Chile". Retrieved 25 February 2016.

[68] "Autocultivo de marihuana es legal en Chile - Delaferia". Delaferia. Retrieved 25 February 2016.

[69] "Ana María Gazmuri: "En Chile hoy en día el autocultivo es legal"" (in European Spanish). 24 August 2015. Retrieved 11 July 2016.

[70] Grupo Copesa (20 October 2015). "En diciembre estaría autorizada la venta de medicamentos con cannabis en farmacias". Retrieved 25 February 2016.

[71] "Chile lawmakers approve marijuana decriminalisation bill". BBC News. Retrieved 25 February 2016.

[72] Aftab Ali (8 July 2015). "Chile cannabis decriminalisation: Lawmakers move to let people grown their own marijuana". The Independent. Retrieved 25 February 2016.

[Chen_Li_Otto_2002-73] Chen, J.; Li, Y.; Otto, J.M. (2002). Implementation of Law in the People's Republic of China. The London Leiden Series on Law. Springer Netherlands. p. 202. ISBN 978-90-411-1834-9.

[74] "Drogas: la dosis mínima ya no será tan mínima". Semana.com. 14 March 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2016.

[75] LEY 30 DE 1986, alcaldiabogota.gov.co, 31 January 1986

[76] "Colombia Just Legalized Medical Marijuana". BuzzFeed. 22 December 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2015.

[77] "DECRETO NÚMERO 2467 DE 2015" (PDF). Ministry of Health and Social Protection (Colombia). 22 December 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2015.

[78] Dossiers sur les 30 Chefs d'Etat ou de Gouvernements tués Archived 23 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Template:Fr

[79] Transition, 73 – The Mercenary Position, JSTOR 2935448

[nacion1-80] Chinchilla ve complicado legalizar la marihuana – EL PAÍS – La Nación, Nacion.com, 24 August 2010, archived from the original on 17 February 2011, retrieved 17 February 2011 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[tcrn-81] Marijuana in Costa Rica: Laws, History and Potential, The Costa Rica News, 18 December 2015, retrieved 30 December 2015

[zakon.hr-82] "Zakon o suzbijanju zlouporabe droga" (in Croatian). Retrieved 1 July 2013.

[Balkan_Insight-83] "Croatia Legalises Marijuana for Medical Use". Balkan Insight. 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2016.

[84] ttp://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/croatia-first-balkan-county-to-legalize-medical-marijuana-10-15-2015-1 {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[85] Tharoor, Avinash (1 February 2017). "Cyprus Set to Provide Cannabis Oil to Cancer Patients". Talking Drugs. Retrieved 15 November 2017.

[86] "Overviews of legal topics: possession of cannabis for personal use". EMCDDA. Retrieved 26 July 2015.

[87] The Next Amsterdam – Culture Magazine, Ireadculture.com, retrieved 14 December 2011

[88] Carney, Sean (8 December 2009), Wall Street Journal. Czech Govt Allows 5 Cannabis Plants For Personal Use From 2010. 8th December 2009, Blogs.wsj.com, retrieved 17 February 2011

[89] "Czech Republic Pharmacies Began Selling Medical Cannabis". The420times.com. Retrieved 23 June 2013.

[90] "Czech Republic Legalizes Medical Marijuana Use". Huffingtonpost.com. 15 February 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2013.

[91] Denmark marijuana laws – cannabis growing and marijuana seeds, 1stmarijuanagrowerspage.com, retrieved 17 February 2011

[92] Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act, Chapter 40:07 (PDF), retrieved 17 February 2011

[93] Ecuador, Drug Law Reform in Latin America, retrieved 31 January 2011

[94] Law 108 – Ecuador (PDF), retrieved 31 January 2011

[95] US Embassy, Ecuador – Information for American Citizens (PDF), retrieved 31 January 2011

[96] [1] Archived 2 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine

[97] Lama Hasan (5 May 2010), Egypt's Pot Problem? A Marijuana Shortage, ABC News, archived from the original on 1 March 2011, retrieved 31 January 2011 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[98] Seshata, Cannabis in Egypt, The Sensi Seed Bank, retrieved 20 January 2014

[99] Europe Guide : Maps of Europe by language, religion, population density, hair and eye color, etc, Eupedia.com, 19 April 1994, retrieved 17 February 2011

[100] US warns American Rastas about Ethiopian laws, iol.co.za, 29 January 2005, retrieved 8 October 2011

[101] Silvàn, Sini. "Lääkekannabis edelleen marginaalinen lääke" (in Finnish). YLE. Retrieved 6 December 2016.

[102] Code de la santé publique (in French), Legifrance.gouv.fr, 29 July 2004, retrieved 17 February 2011

[103] Marie Jamet (6 November 2013). "Legalising or decriminalizing cannabis in France: not that easy". Euronews. Retrieved 15 December 2013.

[104] Ann Törnkvist (10 June 2013). "French law on pot-based medicine takes effect". The Local. Retrieved 15 December 2013.

[105] 241 Patienten haben bisher eine Ausnahmeerlaubnis zur Verwendung von Cannabisblüten aus der Apotheke erhalten, cannabis-med.org, retrieved 17 February 2015

[welt1-106] Kade, Claudia. "Ab 2017 gibt es Cannabis auf Kassenrezept". Die Welt. Retrieved 2 December 2016.

[cnn1-107] Berlinger, Joshua. "Germany to legalize medicinal marijuana by 2017". CNN. Retrieved 2 December 2016.

[108] "Germany to legalise cannabis for medicinal purposes". The Telegraph. 3 May 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2016.

[109] "Cannabis als Medizin". Bundesministerium für Gesundheit. Retrieved 2 December 2016.

[110] "Cannabis auf Kassenkosten". Tagesschau. Retrieved 2 December 2016.

[111] "Medical Cannabis is Now Officially Legal in Germany". Seedsman. Retrieved 20 January 2017.

[112] "Δημοσιεύθηκε η ΚΥΑ για την εισαγωγή εγκεκριμένων φαρμακευτικών σκευασμάτων και προϊόντων κάνναβης". moh.gov.gr. Retrieved 6 September 2017.

[113] "Cannabis in Greece". 16 August 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017 – via Wikipedia.

[114] Ελληνική νομοθεσία για κάνναβη (Greek Law on cannabis) (in Greek), mastouria.informe.com, 27 May 2007, retrieved 10 August 2011

[115] Milena Lopez. "Comisión Rechaza Uso Medicinal De La Marihuana En Guatemala". Tn8.tv. Retrieved 30 November 2016.

[116] Juan Toro. "Guatemala: Rechazan uso de marihuana medicinal - Cluster Salud, La Industria de la vida". Clustersalud.americaeconomia.com. Retrieved 30 November 2016.

[stabroeknews1-117] "Rastafarian community protests against 'unjust' marijuana laws". Stabroek News. Retrieved 6 December 2015.

[118] LEY SOBRE USO INDEBIDO Y TRAFICO ILICITO DE DROGAS Y SUSTANCIAS PSICOTROPICAS

[Police.gov.hk-119] Information on the official web site of the Hong Kong Police Force, Police.gov.hk, retrieved 14 December 2011

[120] Minstrel, Társaság a Szabadságjogokért: Drogjog 1999VOTED VOTE D2ID : 62, Daath.hu, retrieved 17 February 2011

[121] "Marihuana og LSD loks bannað hér!" (in Icelandic). No. 235. Tíminn. 25 October 1969. Retrieved 10 December 2016.

[122] Lög um ávana- og fíkniefni 1974 nr. 65 21. maí, www.althingi.is, retrieved 9 February 2009

[India-123] Panchal, Arjuna (8 November 2015). "Starting the day with the cup that kicks". Gujarat: Hindustan Times. Retrieved 24 March 2008. At seven in the morning, people begin slowly trooping into government-run original bhang shops in the district for the drink, made from the leaves of cannabis that grows wild in many parts of Gujarat, India.

[124] "Uttarakhand To Become First Indian State To Legalise Cannabis Cultivation". Indiatimes. Retrieved 12 March 2017.

[125] "Gujarat further tightens prohibition - Times of India". indiatimes.com. Retrieved 6 September 2017.

[126] "Bill for legalised supply of opium, marijuana cleared for Parliament". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 20 January 2017. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[Slone2003-127] Thomas H. Slone (2003). Prokem. Masalai Press. pp. 26–. ISBN 978-0-9714127-5-0.

[128] "Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No. 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika" (PDF). BNN RI. Retrieved 3 May 2013.

[citizensinformation_ie-129] "Drug offences". Dublin: Citizens Information Board. 20 July 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2016.

[130] "National Drugs Strategy (interim) 2009-2016" (PDF). Official publications. Department of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs. June 2009. p. 26, sec.2.49. Retrieved 5 December 2016.

[131] "Minister Catherine Byrne TD announces a Public Consultation on the New National Drugs Strategy" (Press release). Ireland: Department of Health. 6 September 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2016.

[132] "Medicinal Products Availability: : Written answers". Dáil Éireann debates. KildareStreet.com. 26 October 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2016.

[133] "S.I. No. 323/2014 - Misuse of Drugs (Amendment) Regulations 2014". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 5 December 2016.

[134] Harris, Simon (10 November 2016). "Joint Oireachtas Committee on Health: Quarterly Update On Health Issues: Discussion". Oireachtas Joint and Select Committees proceedings. Retrieved 5 December 2016.

[135] "Cannabis for Medicinal Use (Regulations) Bill 2016: Second Stage [Private Members]". Dáil debates. kildarestreet.com. 1 December 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2016.

[136] "Medicinal cannabis bill passes Dáil without vote". RTE.ie. 1 December 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2016.

[137] "Cannabis for Medicinal Use Regulation Bill 2016 Bill 2016 [PMB]". Bills. Oireachtas. Retrieved 5 December 2016.

[138] Cannabis legal status vault – Israel, Erowid.org, retrieved 17 February 2011

[139] Israel to decriminalise marijuana for personal use, The Independent, 26 January 2017, retrieved 27 January 2017

[140] "linkonline.it". Retrieved 14 January 2015.

[141] "Jamaica Lawmakers Decriminalize Small Amounts of 'Ganja'". ABC News. 25 February 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2015.

[ShikitaTsuchiya2012-142] Minoru Shikita; Shinichi Tsuchiya (6 December 2012). Crime and Criminal Policy in Japan: Analysis and Evaluation of the Showa Era, 1926–1988. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 13–. ISBN 978-1-4612-2816-5.

[143] Cannabis Control Law, japanhemp.org, retrieved 4 August 2015

[144] "Par Krimināllikuma spēkā stāšanās un piemērošanas kārtību" (in Latvian). likumi.lv. Retrieved 23 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[Clarke1998-145] Robert Connell Clarke (1998). Hashish!. Red Eye Press. ISBN 978-0-929349-05-3.

[146] Réalités. Spectacle du monde. May 1996. p. 354. Les Américains ne lâchant pas prise, le gouvernement libanais interdisait officiellement la culture du pavot et du cannabis en 1992.

[147] In Lebanon, a comeback for cannabis / The Christian Science Monitor, CSMonitor.com, 16 October 2007, retrieved 17 February 2011

[148] Lesotho Just Granted Africa's First Legal Marijuana License - OkayAfrica

[149] "Art. 7 and Art. 8 refer to the usage of narcotics" (PDF), Excerpt of the "Mémorial A" of the Luxembourgish legislation

[Lowinson2005-150] Joyce H. Lowinson (2005). Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 31–. ISBN 978-0-7817-3474-5.

[151] European Coalition for Just and Effective Drug Policies, Encod.org, archived from the original on 18 May 2011, retrieved 17 February 2011 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[152] "Macedonia: Parliament Legalizes Medical Marijuana". Eurasia Review.^{[permanent dead link]}

[153] Malaysia, Travel.state.gov, archived from the original on 17 February 2011, retrieved 17 February 2011 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[154] "AFRICA | Malawi Rastas' marijuana struggle". BBC News. 11 September 2000. Retrieved 20 April 2011.

[155] "Marijuana Cultivation Increases in Malawi - New York Times". Nytimes.com. 17 December 1998. Retrieved 20 April 2011.

[156] "New drugs reform law into force today– what has changed?". MaltaToday.com.mt. 15 April 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2016.

[157] Neil Camilleri (17 March 2015). "Simple possession to remain an 'arrestable offence' - but only to fight drug trade – Bonnici - The Malta Independent". Independent.com.mt. Retrieved 26 November 2016.

[RollingStone-158] Janikian, Michelle (14 September 2017). "Legal Pot In Mexico: Everything You Need to Know". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 15 November 2017.

[159] "Mexico Legalizes Drug Possession". The New York Times. 21 August 2009. Retrieved 4 April 2010.

[160] "Mexico court ruling could eventually lead to legal marijuana". BBC. 4 November 2015. Retrieved 5 November 2015.

[161] "Mexico approves legalising medical marijuana". The Independent. 30 April 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[162] "Kathmandu, Nepal", webehigh, retrieved 1 November 2016

[163] Use drop-down menu on site to view Netherlands entry.), Eldd.emcdda.europa.eu, retrieved 17 February 2011

[164] Drugs Policy in the Netherlands, Ukcia.org, retrieved 17 February 2011

[165] "Amsterdam Will Ban Tourists from Pot Coffee Shops". Atlantic Wire. 27 May 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2011.

[166] Dangerous Drugs Act, 1927

[167] Illicit Drugs - offences and penalties, New Zealand Government, retrieved 28 May 2016

[NZ_Herald_2017-168] "Medicinal cannabis legislation introduced to 'ease suffering'". NZ Herald. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2017.

[Newshub_2017-169] "Government rules terminally ill people allowed to smoke cannabis". Newshub. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2017.

[170] Shearlaw, Maeve (13 May 2014). "Mythbusters: uncovering the truth about North Korea". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 June 2016.

[171] "Weed Bill Would Legalize Use in US Commonwealth". CBS News. 3 November 2010. Retrieved 15 July 2015.

[172] Historisk i Stortinget: Slutt på straff for rusmisbrukere - Rusmidler - VG.no, 13.12.2017

[173] Cannabis legal status vault – Pakistan/Peshawar, Erowid.org

[174] "Ley 14 si contempla y permite uso de marihuana para medicina" (in Spanish). Critica. Retrieved 30 November 2016.

[175] TNI. "Paraguay - Drug Law Reform in Latin America". Retrieved 25 February 2016.

[176] "En Paraguay, la posesión y consumo personal de la marihuana es legal". E'a. Retrieved 25 February 2016.

[177] "Modificando el Código Penal en materia de Tráfico Ilícito de Drogas". Instituto de Defensa Legal – Seguridad Ciudadana. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012.

[178] "Ley Nº 28002" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[179] "Código Penal. Decreto Legislativo Nº 635".

[180] Manuel Vigo. "Peru rules out proposals to legalize marijuana". Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[181] "Legalización de la marihuana en Perú a debate". Peru21. 19 July 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2016.

[182] TNI. "Peru - Drug Law Reform in Latin America". Retrieved 25 February 2016.

[183] R.a. 9165, Lawphil.net, retrieved 17 February 2011

[184] "Experts study medical pot use". Inquirer. 10 July 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2016.

[185] "Poland Approves Drug Decriminalization -- Sort Of". stopthedrugwar.org. Retrieved 26 April 2016.

[186] Drugs in small quantity and for personal use with no punishment – Poland, Interia.pl, 26 May 2011, archived from the original on 29 May 2011, retrieved 29 May 2011 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[Emdrug-187] EMCDDA:Drug policy profiles, Portugal, Emcdda.europa.eu, 17 August 2011, retrieved 14 December 2011

[188] Sifferlin, Alexandra (4 May 2015). "Puerto Rico Governor Signs Executive Order to Legalize Medical Marijuana". TIME. Retrieved 3 July 2015.

[189] Pedepsele pentru traficul și consumul de droguri s-au redus. Totuși..., Reporter NTV, 10 February 2015, retrieved 4 September 2017

[190] Raport pentru EBA: Comisia prezidenţială susţine dezincriminarea consumului de droguri şi sexul comercial, Antena3.ro, 22 September 2009, retrieved 17 February 2011

[191] "Romania Legalizes Medical Marijuana, Becomes 10th EU Country To Permit Theraputic Use". Novinite. 6 October 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2013.

[192] "ANM: Nu avem nicio cerere de punere pe piaţă a canabisului medicinal; dacă ar fi, am aproba-o". Retrieved 3 October 2013.

[193] USA. "Half a gram – a thousand lives". Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. PMC 2474596. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)

[194] US Department of State – International Travel – Saudi Arabia, Travel.state.gov, archived from the original on 11 December 2013, retrieved 17 February 2011 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[195] Serbian Cannabis: Between Pain and the Law, VICE, 2016, retrieved 27 July 2016

[196] Krivični zakonik (The Criminal Code), paragraf.rs, 2013, retrieved 17 February 2011

[AkyeampongHill2015-197] Emmanuel Akyeampong; Allan G. Hill; Arthur Kleinman (1 May 2015). The Culture of Mental Illness and Psychiatric Practice in Africa. Indiana University Press. pp. 39–. ISBN 978-0-253-01304-0.

[Bunyapraphatsō̜n1999-198] Nanthawan Bunyapraphatsō̜n (1999). Medicinal and poisonous plants. Backhuys Publishers. p. 169. ISBN 978-90-5782-042-7.

[199] Cannabis legal status vault – Singapore, Erowid.org, retrieved 17 February 2011

[200] "MISUSE OF DRUGS ACT". Attorney-General's Chamber. Singapore Government. 31 March 2008. Retrieved 3 October 2013.

[201] "High contrast". The Economist. London: Economist Newspaper. 26 August 2010. ISSN 0013-0613. OCLC 60625410. Retrieved 25 June 2012.

[WSJSlovakia-202] Rousek, Leos (3 April 2012). "Slovakia's Incoming Leftist Premier Wants to Relax Tough Cannabis Laws". The Wall Street Journal. New York, NY: Dow Jones. ISSN 0099-9660. OCLC 43638285. Retrieved 25 June 2012.

[203] "Uradni list Republike Slovenije". Retrieved 14 January 2015.

[204] "Slovenija dovolila uporabo konoplje v medicinske namene". Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija. Retrieved 14 January 2015.

[205] "Uporaba konoplje v medicini". "NIJZ". Retrieved 12 September 2015.

[206] "Zakon o proizvodnji in prometu s prepovedanimi drogami (ZPPPD)". "Uradni List". Retrieved 12 September 2015.

[207] ttps://herb.co/2017/05/01/cannabis-south-africa/

[208] ttps://btl.co.za/is-weed-legal-in-south-africa/

[209] ttps://businesstech.co.za/news/lifestyle/167873/understanding-the-court-ruling-to-legalise-smoking-weed-at-home-in-south-africa/

[210] Korea News Review. Korea Herald, Incorporated. 1988. p. 44.

[211] "Somos Policías: Tenencia de drogas: ¿Consumo propio o tráfico ilícito?". Somos-policias.blogspot.com. Retrieved 23 November 2016.

[212] Mac. "¿El auto cultivo de marihuana se despenaliza en España?". La Marihuana. Retrieved 25 February 2016.

[213] Javier González Granado. "cannabis.es - EL AUTOCULTIVO DE CANNABIS EN LA NUEVA LEY DE SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA". cannabis.es. Retrieved 25 February 2016.

[214] "Is Cannabis Legal in Spain?". Gospain.about.com. Retrieved 23 June 2013.

[lavanguardia.com-215] "El 'boom' de clubs de cannabis atrae el turismo del porro a Barcelona," "La Vanguardia," 19 January 2014, http://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20140119/54399239955/boom-clubs-cannabis-turismo-porro-barcelona.html

[216] Mac. "Marihuana y su legalidad en España". La Marihuana. Retrieved 28 July 2015.

[217] "España endurece las leyes sobre el cannabis en plena corriente mundial por la despenalización". El Huffington Post. Retrieved 28 July 2015.

[218] "Catalonia legalises marijuana consumption, cultivation and distribution". The Independent. Retrieved 1 July 2017.

[219] Marijuana Should be Allowed; Sri Lanka Indigenous Medicine Minister Says :: NIDAHASA News, News.nidahasa.com, 2 July 2009, retrieved 17 February 2011

[Hoefte1998-220] Rosemarijn Hoefte (1998). In Place of Slavery: A Social History of British Indian and Javanese Laborers in Suriname. University Press of Florida. pp. 160–. ISBN 978-0-8130-1625-2.

[221] Swedish drug control FINAL_14feb_merged (PDF), retrieved 17 February 2011

[222] RättsPM 2009:1 (PDF) (in Swedish), Åklagarmyndighetens Utvecklngscentrum, 2009^{[permanent dead link]}

[223] "FF 2012 7539" (PDF). Retrieved 16 November 2016.

[224] Ahmad, Rozh (24 August 2012). "http://www.rudaw.net/english/news/syria/5123.html". Rudaw. Retrieved 17 December 2012. {{cite news}}: External link in |title= (help)

[225] Cannabis legal status vault – Taiwan, Erowid.org, retrieved 1 November 2015

[226] "พระราชบัญญัติกันชา พุทธศักราช ๒๔๗๗" (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette. 52: 339–343. 5 May 1935. Retrieved 6 December 2016.

[227] Eric Blair (2001), History of Marijuana Use and Anti-Marijuana Laws in Thailand, retrieved 27 August 2015

[KleinDay2004-228] Axel Klein; Marcus Day; Anthony Harriott (13 November 2004). Caribbean Drugs: From Criminalization to Harm Reduction. Zed Books. pp. 58–. ISBN 978-1-84277-499-1.

[Drugs1949-229] United Nations. Commission on Narcotic Drugs (1949). Summary of Annual Reports of Governments Relating to Opium and Other Narcotic Drugs. TUNISIA 18. A Decree of 23 April 1953" (published in the Journal Officiel Tunisien of 28 April 1953) prohibits the cultivation of cannabis and the use of takrouri (cannabis) and specifies the conditions under which the ...

[230] The Rough Guide to Tunisia – Daniel Jacobs, Peter Morris – Google grâmatas. Books.google.com. 2001. ISBN 9781858287485. Retrieved 23 June 2013.

[231] "Tunisia accuses 'missing' Maltese of smuggling cannabis". timesofmalta.com. Retrieved 23 June 2013.

[232] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20151219114432/http://www.legislation-securite.tn/ar/node/34556. Archived from the original on 19 December 2015. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[233] "Turkey legalises controlled cannabis production in nineteen provinces". Retrieved 16 October 2016.

[234] "Türkiye'de 19 ilde kenevir yasallaştı" (in Turkish). Retrieved 13 October 2016.

[EMCDDATurkey-235] European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (31 January 2012), Country overview: Turkey, Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, OCLC 527925326

[236] Ответственность за выращивание конопли и хранение марихуаны, zakon-online.com.ua, 12 September 2012, retrieved 22 July 2014

[237] "UAE Drug Laws". BBC News. 8 February 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2011.

[Manning2013-238] Paul Manning (11 January 2013). Drugs and Popular Culture. Routledge. pp. 136–. ISBN 978-1-134-01211-4.

[239] "Drug Laws". United Kingdom Home Office. Retrieved 9 March 2016.

[240] "State Marijuana Laws Map". Retrieved 25 February 2016.

[241] the D.O.J. allows indian reservations to grow and sell marijuana, nwherald.com, 12 December 2014, retrieved 24 December 2014

[242] DEA indian cannabis raid double standard, alternet, retrieved 18 November 2015

[erowid-SA-243] Cannabis South American laws, Erowid.org, March 1995

[244] "The experiment: Another blow against prohibition". The Economist. 1 August 2013.

[245] "Uruguay becomes first country to legalize marijuana trade". Reuters. 10 December 2013.

[246] "Uruguay marijuana sales delayed until 2015: president - AMERICAS". Retrieved 14 January 2015.

[247] "Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan" (in Uzbek). The national database of legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Retrieved 2 August 2013.

[248] Ley Orgánica de Drogas – Sept.10 (PDF), retrieved 17 February 2011

[U.S._Virgin_Islands-249] "U.S. Virgin Islands decriminalized marijuana". United States: Marijuana.com. 23 December 2014.

[250] Miron, Jeffrey A "The Budgetary Implications of Drug Prohibition" Harvard.edu 2010

[Nanos_Poll_2016-251] "7 in 10 Canadians support marijuana legalization". CTV News. 30 June 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2016.

[252] "Who supports cannabis legalization?". Retrieved 31 August 2009.

[253] Grim, Ryan (6 May 2009). "Majority of Americans Want Pot Legalized". Huffington Post. Retrieved 31 August 2009.

[254] Ghosh, Palash R. (19 October 2010). "The Pros and Cons of Drug Legalization in the U.S." International Business Times. Retrieved 10 October 2012.

[255] "Americans Want Federal Gov't Out of State Marijuana Laws". Retrieved 4 April 2013.

[256] Salley, Mark (7 August 2014). "News: New survey documents youth marijuana use, need for prevention". Archived from the original on 4 December 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[257] Ingraham, Christopher. "Now we know what happens to teens when you make pot legal". The Washington Post. Retrieved 17 October 2016.

[258] "Retail marijuana technical assistance". Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2014.

[259] "Majority Now Supports Legalizing Marijuana". Retrieved 4 April 2013.

[260] "America's New Drug Policy Landscape". Pew Research Center. Pew Research Center. 2 April 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.

[261] ttp://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/01/05/americans-support-marijuana-legalization/

[262] Abuse, National Institute on Drug. "Synthetic Cannabinoids (K2/Spice)".

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[73]

[74]

[75]

[76]

[77]

[78]

[79]

[80]

[81]

[82]

[83]

[84]

[85]

[86]

[87]

[88]

[89]

[90]

[91]

[92]

[93]

[94]

[95]

[96]

[97]

[98]

[99]

[100]

v t e Lists of countries by laws and law enforcement rankings
Age of	Candidacy for political office Consent Criminal responsibility Drinking Driving Majority Marriage in the US Retirement Mandatory retirement School-leaving in the US Voting Suffrage Youth suffrage Working
Drugs and alcohol	Drug and precursor laws by country or territory Alcohol Alcohol consumption Bath salts Legal status of Mephedrone Legal status of Methylone Legal status of MPDV Cocaine use Legality Methamphetamine Legality Opiate use Psychedelics Amanita mushroom Legality Ayahuasca Legality Cannabis Legality Annual use Lifetime use Ibogaine Legality LSD Legality Psilocybin mushroom Legality Salvia divinorum Legality
Death	Legality of euthanasia Law enforcement killings Legality of suicide Legality of assisted suicide
Guns	Deaths Households Laws Ownership
Punishment	Death penalty Incarceration Life imprisonment
Policing	Prisoner abuse Size of police forces
Obscenity	Incest Laws Pornography Child pornography Fictional pornography depicting minors Simulated child pornography Internet pornography Prostitution Sex trafficking Sexual assault Child sexual abuse Rape Sodomy law
Reproduction	Abortion law Minors and abortion Adoption law International adoption Human cloning Sterilization Surrogacy
Censorship	Censorship by country Book censorship by country Cartographic censorship Film censorship by country Internet censorship by country Political censorship Video gaming censorship by country
Human rights	Children's rights Children in the military Intersex rights Same-sex marriage Human trafficking
Freedom of movement	By country In the air Abode
Property and environment	Air Estate Land Minerals Mining Mortgage Water Riparian water
Business	Competition Mergers and acquisitions Monopoly Corporate Corporate liability Legality of cryptocurrency
Violence	Corporal punishment At home At school In court LGBT rights Police brutality Smoking Alcohol law Murder Slavery
International ownership	International waters Admiralty law UN Convention on the Law of the Sea Antarctic Treaty System World Intellectual Property Organization World Intellectual Property Indicators Foreign ownership International copyright treaties
Other	Animal rights Immigration law National legal systems Religious law Separation of church and state Sharia World Justice Project
List of international rankings Lists by country

Revision as of 07:37, 5 June 2018

History

By country

Afghanistan

Albania

Algeria

Andorra

Angola

Antigua and Barbuda

Argentina

Armenia

Australia

Austria

Azerbaijan

Bahamas

Bahrain

Bangladesh

Barbados

Belarus

Belgium

Belize

Benin

Bhutan

Bolivia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Botswana

Brazil

Brunei

Bulgaria

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Cambodia

Cameroon

Canada

Cape Verde

Central African Republic

Chad

Chile

People's Republic of China (PRC)

Colombia

Comoros

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Republic of the Congo

Costa Rica

Croatia

Cuba

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Denmark

Djibouti

Dominica

Dominican Republic

East Timor

Ecuador

Egypt

El Salvador

Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea

Estonia

Ethiopia

Fiji

Finland

France

Gabon

Gambia

Georgia

Germany

Ghana

Greece

Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat)

Grenada

Guatemala

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Guyana

Haiti

Honduras

Hong Kong, SAR of China

Hungary

Iceland