Mrinalini Devi: Difference between revisions
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'''Mrinalini Devi''' (1 |
'''Mrinalini Devi''' (1872 or 1874<ref>{{cite book|author=Stephanie Olsen|title=Childhood, Youth and Emotions in Modern History: National, Colonial and Global Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YBzeCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT287|date=6 October 2015|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-1-137-48484-0|page=287}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Library of Congress. Library of Congress Office, New Delhi|author2=American Libraries Book Procurement Center, New Delhi|title=Accessions List, India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mrjvtxPZrEEC&q=Mrinalini+Devi+1874&dq=Mrinalini+Devi+1874&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj52L60_drjAhVKSq0KHZpvB3kQ6AEIMTAC|year=1975|publisher=Library of Congress Office.}}</ref> – 23 November 1902) was the wife of [[Nobel prize|Nobel]] laureate poet, philosopher, author and musician [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. She was from the [[Khulna district]], where her father worked at the Tagore estate. In 1883, at the age of nine, she married Tagore. |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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Revision as of 20:38, 29 July 2019
Mrinalini Devi | |
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| Born | Bhabatarini Roy Choudhury 1 March 1874 Dakhsmindihi, Khulna district, Bengal Presidency, British India |
| Died | 23 November 1902 (aged 28) Jorasanko Thakur Bari, Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Spouse | Rabindranath Tagore |
Mrinalini Devi (1872 or 1874[1][2] – 23 November 1902) was the wife of Nobel laureate poet, philosopher, author and musician Rabindranath Tagore. She was from the Khulna district, where her father worked at the Tagore estate. In 1883, at the age of nine, she married Tagore.
Early life
Mrinalini Devi was born to Benimadhob Roy Choudhury and Dakshayoni at Fooltala village of Dakhsmindihi, in Khulna district in Bengal Presidency of British India (present-day Bangladesh). Her exact date of birth is not known. However, according to one estimate of Anandabazar Patrika, she was born on 1 March 1874.[3] Before her marriage, Mrinalini Devi was known as Bhabatarini. However, it is unknown whether it was her formal name or nickname. She studied until Class I in the local village school.[3] Her father worked at the Tagore estate.[4]
Marriage to Rabindranath Tagore
The paka dekha, a ritual in which members of the groom's family come to see the bride, was performed by Rabindranath Tagore’s elder brother Jyotirindranath Tagore, his sisters-in-law Jnanadanandini Devi and Kadambari Devi, and Rabindranath's nephew Surendranath Tagore. Although it is known that Rabindranath accompanied his family members from Jashore to Mrinalini Devi’s house, it is not known whether he participated in the ritual.[3][5]
Unlike traditional marriage which takes place in the bride's house, Mrinalini Devi married Rabindranath Tagore at the Maharshi Bhavan in the Jorasanko Thakur Bari, in Calcutta (present-day Kolkata) at the wish of Rabindranath's father Devendranath Tagore. The marriage took place according to the rituals of the Brahmo Samaj. At the time of marriage she was 9 and Tagore was twenty-two years of age. They married on 24 Agrahayana 1290 in the Bengali calendar which is roughly 9 December 1883 in Gregorian calendar.[3][4]
After her marriage, Rabindranath gave her the name "Mrinalini". Tagore biographers have written that he either gave her this name so that it would rhyme with his own name or would rhyme with "Nalini", a Marathi girl who was allegedly his former girlfriend.[3][4]
Mrinalini Devi was not forced to do the household chores immediately after her marriage. Devendranath admitted her and Hemendranath Tagore's wife Kshinatanu to the Loreto House school to teach them English. He also bought them books, slates and school uniforms. After studying at the school for one year, Rabindranath appointed Pandit Herambachandra Bidyaratna, a home tutor, to teach her Sanskrit. His elder brother Birendranath's son Balendranath taught her English, Bengali and Sanskrit literature. Mark Twain became her favourite author.[3] According to the diary of her younger daughter Mira, one incident is noted as:
A table lamp is burning in the second floor veranda of Shantiniketan. There is an English novel in my mother's hands. She is reading it and translating it to my grandmother.[3]
Mrinalini Devi translated the Shanti Parva of the Mahabharata and Katha Upanishad. The Katha Upanishad is currently kept at the Visva-Bharati University. Besides these, she also participated in the dramas which took place at the Thakur Bari. In the first ever dramatization of Raja o Rani, she acted in the role of Narayani.[3]
In 1902, Rabindranath established Brahmacharya Ashram, a school in Shantiniketan. Mrinalini Devi sold off most of her wedding jewellery to fund this school.[3]
Children
On 25 October 1886, Mrinalini Devi gave birth to her first child, a daughter named Madhurilata and nicknamed Bela.[3] In 1888, she gave birth to a son, Rathindranath. In 1891, she gave birth to a daughter, Renuka, and three years later, she gave birth to another daughter, Mira. In 1896, her youngest child Shamindranath was born. On 15 June 1901, Mrinalini Devi married off Bela and on 9 August, she married off Renuka with Satyendranath Bhattacharya.[3]
Death
By the mid of 1902, Mrinalini Devi became seriously ill. Subsequently, she and Rabindranath moved from Shantiniketan to Calcutta on 12 September. Doctors failed to diagnose her disease. A homeopathy doctor was called; that too in vain. In the night of 23 November, Mrinalini Devi died.[3] She was around 28 or 29 years old at the time of her death.[6][clarification needed]
Image
According to contemporary records, Mrinalini Devi was a woman with great personality. According to Tagore's niece Indira Devi Chaudhurani, Mrinalini was "full of qualities, beautiful, lucky, rich, famous". According to Urmila Devi, her "face was filled with the light of motherhood".[3]
References
- ^ Stephanie Olsen (6 October 2015). Childhood, Youth and Emotions in Modern History: National, Colonial and Global Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 287. ISBN 978-1-137-48484-0.
- ^ Library of Congress. Library of Congress Office, New Delhi; American Libraries Book Procurement Center, New Delhi (1975). Accessions List, India. Library of Congress Office.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "মৃণালিনী" [Mrinalini] (in Bengali). Anandabazar Patrika. 22 October 2016. Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c "রবীন্দ্রনাথের জীবনে মৃণালিনী" [Mrinalini in Rabindranath’s life] (in Bengali). Dainik Janakantha. 27 January 2017. Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "কবিগুরুর বিয়ের গল্প" [The story of Kabiguru’s marriage] (in Bengali). Rising BD. 10 September 2015. Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "ভবতারিনী থেকে মৃণালিনী" [From Bhabatarini to Mrinalini] (in Bengali). The Azadi. 1 December 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
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