Ĝ

Ĝ or ĝ (G circumflex) is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing a voiced postalveolar affricate (either palato-alveolar or retroflex), and is equivalent to a voiced postalveolar affricate /dʒ/ or a voiced retroflex affricate /dʐ/.

While Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for its four postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets, the base letters are Romano-Germanic. Ĝ is based on the letter g, which has this sound in English and Italian before the vowels i and e, to better preserve the shape of borrowings from those languages (such as ĝenerala from general) than Slavic đ would.

Uses of Ĝ in other languages

In Haida, a language isolate, the letter ĝ was sometimes used to represent pharyngeal voiced fricative /ɡˤ/

In Aleut, an Eskimo-Aleut language, ĝ represents a voiced uvular fricative /ʁ/. The corresponding voiceless Aleut sound is represented by x̂.

In Dutch, the letter ĝ is used in some phrase books and dictionaries for pronunciation help. It represensts a plosive [ɡ], because g is pronounced as a fricative [ɣ] in Dutch.

In some transcriptions of Sumerian, ĝ is used to represent the velar nasal [ŋ].

See also

• Ĉ
• Ĥ
• Ĵ
• Ŝ
• Ŭ

The ISO basic Latin alphabet
Aa	Bb	Cc	Dd	Ee	Ff	Gg	Hh	Ii	Jj	Kk	Ll	Mm	Nn	Oo	Pp	Qq	Rr	Ss	Tt	Uu	Vv	Ww	Xx	Yy	Zz
Letter G with diacritics
Ǵǵ	Ğğ	Ĝĝ	Ǧǧ	Ġġ	Ģģ	Ḡḡ	Ǥǥ	Ɠɠ	ᶃ
Letters using circumflex accent ( ◌̂ )
Ââ	Ĉĉ	Êê	Ĝĝ	Ĥĥ	Î î	Ĵĵ	Ôô	Ŝŝ	Ûû	Ŵŵ	Ŷŷ	Ẑẑ
Related
History Palaeography Derivations Diacritics Punctuation Numerals Unicode List of letters ISO/IEC 646