Palatal hook

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N with palatal hook, followed by eng, a palatal nasal and a retroflex n for comparison.

The palatal hook (◌̡) is a type of hook diacritic formerly used in the International Phonetic Alphabet to represent palatalized consonants.[1] It is a small, leftwards-facing hook joined to the bottom-right side of a letter, and is distinguished from various other hooks indicating retroflexion, etc. It was withdrawn by the IPA in 1989, in favour of a superscript j following the consonant (i.e., ⟨ƫ⟩ becomes ⟨⟩).[1]

The IPA recommended that eshʃ⟩ and ezhʒ⟩ not use the palatal hook, but instead get special curled symbols: ⟨ʆ⟩ and ⟨ʓ⟩. However, versions with the hook have also been used and are supported by Unicode.

Palatal hooks are also used in Lithuanian dialectology by the Lithuanian Phonetic Transcription System (or Lithuanian Phonetic Alphabet)[2] and in the orthography of Nez Perce[citation needed].

Computer encoding[edit]

Unicode includes both a combining character for the palatal hook, as well as several precomposed characters, including superscript letters with palatal hooks.

While LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH PALATAL HOOK has been in Unicode since 1991, the rest were not added until 2005 or later. As such, font support for the latter characters is much less than for the former.

Appearance Code point Name
◌̡ U+0321 COMBINING PALATALIZED HOOK BELOW
U+1D80 LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+A7C4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+A794 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D81 LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH PALATAL HOOK
𝼒 U+1DF12 LATIN SMALL LETTER DEZH DIGRAPH WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D82 LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D83 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+A795 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D84 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D85 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1DAA MODIFIER LETTER L WITH PALATAL HOOK
𝼓 U+1DF13 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH BELT AND PALATAL HOOK
U+1D86 LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D87 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH PALATAL HOOK
𝼔 U+1DF14 LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D88 LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D89 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH PALATAL HOOK
𝼕 U+1DF15 LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH PALATAL HOOK
𝼖 U+1DF16 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH FISHHOOK AND PALATAL HOOK
U+1D8A LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D8B LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH PALATAL HOOK
ƫ U+01AB LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1DB5 MODIFIER LETTER T WITH PALATAL HOOK
𝼗 U+1DF17 LATIN SMALL LETTER TESH DIGRAPH WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D8C LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D8D LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+A7C6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D8E LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH PALATAL HOOK
𝼘 U+1DF18 LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH PALATAL HOOK

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. 1999.
  2. ^ Tumasonis, Vladas; Pentzlin, Karl (2011-05-24). "N4070: Second revised proposal to add characters used in Lithuanian dialectology to the UCS" (PDF). ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2.