Haraam
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Haraam (Arabic: حَرَام ḥarām) (also Romanized as haram) is an Arabic term meaning "forbidden". In Islam it is used to refer to anything that is prohibited by the word of Allah (God) in the Qur'an or the Hadith Qudsi. Haraam is the highest status of prohibition given to anything that would result in sin when a Muslim commits it. Its antonym is ḥalāl.
The religious term haraam, based on the Quran, is applied to:
- Actions, such as adultery, murder or homosexual activity.
- Objects, such as Masjid al-Haram and Masjid al-Nabawi in context as two haram (stricted) mosque.
- Food and drinks, such as pork and alcohol
- Some halal objects, foods or actions that are normally halal but under some conditions become haram. For example halal food and drinks at noon-time during Ramadan, a cow or another halal animal that is not slaughtered under the way and the name of God.
Haraam has, over the years, accumulated additional non-traditional uses to it. In Arabic-speaking countries, saying "haraam" can mean, "what a shame" or "what a pity" (this meaning has been adopted by Modern Hebrew slang as well). This can be used formally or between friends. Children are commonly told not to mistreat other children or animals because it is 'haraam'.
Haraam also applies to ill-gotten wealth obtained through sin. Examples include money earned through cheating, stealing, corruption, murder and Interest or any means that involves harm to another human being. It is prohibited in Islam for a Muslim to profit from such Haraam actions. Any believer who benefits from or lives off wealth obtained through Haraam is a sinner.
The word also appears in Amharic, the official language of Ethiopia. It connotes the same idea of prohibition on religious grounds, however it is used by Christians in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, including bans on pork (more out of Jewish dietary laws, not Islamic).
The Hebrew cognate cherem refers to the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community.
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[edit] Quranic verses
[edit] Food or drinks
He hath forbidden you only carrion, and blood, and swineflesh, and that which hath been immolated to (the name of) any other than God. But he who is driven by necessity, neither craving nor transgressing, it is no sin for him. Lo! God is Forgiving, Merciful.
How should ye not eat of that over which the name of God hath been mentioned, when He hath explained unto you that which is forbidden unto you unless ye are compelled thereto. But lo! many are led astray by their own lusts through ignorance. Lo! thy Lord, He is Best Aware of the transgressors.
[edit] Fornication
And come not near unto adultery. Lo! it is an abomination and an evil way.
Those who invoke not, with God, any other god, nor slay such life as God has made sacred except for just cause, nor commit fornication; - and any that does this (not only) meets punishment.
[edit] Shirk (Idolatry)
Say: I am forbidden to worship those on whom ye call instead of God. Say: I will not follow your desires, for then should I go astray and I should not be of the rightly guided.
[edit] Hadith
The Hadith is a compilation of the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad[citation needed] and there are a several sayings of the Prophet that relate to unlawful acts or food in the Islam religion. Below are some sayings from the Hadith collections:
[edit] Food and prohibition of alcohol
In an incident narrated by Rafi’ bin Khadij, the Prophet told Muslims who wanted to slaughter some animals using reeds,
Use whatever causes blood to flow, and eat the animals if the Name of Allah has been mentioned on slaughtering them... .—Bukhari
Allah’s Messenger forbade the eating of the meat of beasts having fangs.—Narrated by Bukhari, Narrated Abu Thalaba
The Prophet said: "Allah has forbidden alcoholic drinks. Whoever this verse reaches while they still possess any of it, they are not to drink nor to sell.".—Narrated Abi Said, Muslim
[edit] Fornication
Prophet Muhammad explained: "If one of you were to be stabbed in the head with a piece of iron it would be better for him than if he were to touch a woman whom it is not permissible for him to touch."
[edit] Shirk (Idolatry)
It is reported on the authority of Ibn Mas'ood that Muhammad said: "Whoever died while supplicating another deity besides Allah, will enter the Fire."—Narrated by Bukhari
[edit] See also
- Glossary of Islamic terms in Arabic
- Ḥalāl
- Makrūh
- Šarīʿah
- ʾAḥkām
- Treif, the Jewish equivalent of haraam
- Kashrut
- Word of Wisdom
- Ḥaram (linguistically related Arabic word for "protected place")
- Ḥ-R-M (triconsonantal root of these words in Arabic)
- Taboo
- Al-Jamia, Shia text which contains all the details of haraam things.
