Voiceless bilabial fricative
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This article is about the consonantal sound. For the Greek letter, see Phi (letter). For the Cyrillic letter, see Ef (Cyrillic).
| Voiceless bilabial fricative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɸ | |||
| IPA number | 126 | ||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | ɸ |
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| Unicode (hex) | U+0278 | ||
| X-SAMPA | p\ |
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| Kirshenbaum | P |
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| Braille |   |
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| Sound | |||
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The voiceless bilabial fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɸ⟩. For English-speakers, it is easiest to think of the sound as an f-sound made only with the lips, instead of the upper teeth and lower lip.
Contents |
Features [edit]
Features of the voiceless bilabial fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence [edit]
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ainu | フチ | [ɸu̜tʃi] | 'grandmother' | ||
| Angor | fi | [ɸi] | 'body' | ||
| Ewe[1] | éƒá | [é ɸá] | 'he polished' | Contrasts with /f/ | |
| Itelmen | чуфчуф | [tʃuɸtʃuɸ] | 'rain' | ||
| Japanese[2] | 腐敗 fuhai | [ɸɯhai] | 'decay' | Allophone of /h/ before /ɯ/. See Japanese phonology | |
| Kaingang | fy | [ɸɨ] | 'seed' | ||
| Kwama | [kòːɸɛ́] | 'basket' | |||
| Mao | [ʔɑ̄ˈɸɑ́ŋ] | 'empty' | |||
| Māori | whakapapa | [ɸakapapa] | 'genealogy' | ||
| Odoodee | pagai | [ɸɑɡɑi] | 'coconut' | ||
| Spanish | Andalusian[3] | los viejos | [lɔh ɸjɛhɔ] | 'the old ones' | Allophone of /b/ after [h]. See Spanish phonology |
| Turkmen | fabrik | [ɸabrik] | 'factory' | ||
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ Ladefoged (2005:156)
- ^ Okada (1991:95)
- ^ Pérez, Aguilar & Jiménez (1998:225–228)
Bibliography [edit]
- Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell
- Okada, Hideo (1991), "Japanese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21 (2): 94–97, doi:10.1017/S002510030000445X
- Pérez, Ramón Morillo-Velarde; Aguilar, Rafael Cano; Jiménez, Antonio Narbona (1998), El Español hablado en Andalucía, ISBN 84-344-8225-8
