10-second barrier

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

The 10-second barrier is a term used in track and field athletics which refers to the physical and psychological barrier of completing the men's 100 metres sprint in under ten seconds. The achievement was traditionally regarded as the hallmark of a world class sprinter, but its significance has become less important since the late 1990s as an increasing number of runners have surpassed the ten seconds mark.[1]

Contents

History[edit]

Carl Lewis was the first man to run under ten seconds at low altitude.

The first sub-10 second finishes were recorded through the use of manual timing by stopwatch. However, the International Association of Athletics Federations now states that runs are only legal if achieved with the use of fully automatic timing, a wind speed no faster than two metres per second, and without the use of performance enhancing substances.[5] Wind gauge malfunctions or infractions may also cause a sprinter's run to be invalid.[6]

Under these rules, the barrier was first officially broken by American athlete Jim Hines on 14 October 1968. He ran a time of 9.95 seconds to win the 100 metres at the 1968 Olympics, setting a new world record. Almost nine years passed before the barrier was broken again; Silvio Leonard ran 9.98 seconds on 11 August 1977. Both of these marks were recorded at a high altitude, which aids performance due to lower air resistance. While seven sprinters had eclipsed the mark at low altitude prior to January 1, 1977 when the IAAF required fully automatic timing to the hundredth of a second for these events, Carl Lewis was the first sprinter to achieve the feat at a low altitude using electronic timing, with 9.97 seconds on 14 May 1983 at the Modesto Relays.

Calvin Smith recorded a world record 9.93 seconds on 3 July 1983, and also became the first sprinter to run under ten seconds twice, repeating the feat in August that year.

Six sprinters legally broke the barrier during the 1980s. Another, Ben Johnson, had eclipsed both the 9.90 mark and 9.80 mark in 1987 and 1988, however both of these records were disqualified after he tested positive for, and later admitted to using steroids.

The 100 m final at the 1991 World Championships represented a new zenith in the event: six athletes ran under ten seconds in the same race, and winner Carl Lewis lowered the world record to 9.86 seconds.[2]

Maurice Greene was the first athlete to run under 9.80 seconds in 1999. Usain Bolt surpassed 9.70 seconds in 2008 and 9.60 in 2009. The 10-second barrier has been broken by athletes from five of the six continental athletic associations, the exception being of South America where Brazilian Robson da Silva holds the area record with ten seconds flat.[3]

The 2008 season saw a new high for sub-10 second performances: 14 runners achieved the feat a total of 53 times between them, the highest ever for either figure. Furthermore, ten men had achieved the result for the first time in that year – another record. The men's 100 metres final at the 2008 Summer Olympics saw a world record and six men clear ten seconds (equalling the number from the 1991 World Championships). Only two months into the start of the outdoor track season, 2011 became a record-breaking year as fifteen men ran under ten seconds between April and June.[4] As of 10 June 2013, 86 sprinters have broken the 10-second barrier with an official, legal time. The men's 100 metres final at the 2012 Summer Olympics saw a new Olympic record and seven men dip below ten seconds, with only one competitor failing to do so.

Gender and ethnicity[edit]

Main article: race and sports
In 2010, Christophe Lemaitre became the first white sprinter to run 100m in under 10 seconds officially.

Only male sprinters have beaten the 10-second barrier, nearly all of them being of West African descent. Namibian (formerly South-West Africa) Frankie Fredericks became the first man of non-West African heritage to achieve the feat in 1991 and in 2003 Australia's Patrick Johnson (who has Irish and Indigenous Australian heritage) became the first sub-10-second runner without an African background.[5][6][7][8]

In 2010, Frenchman Christophe Lemaitre became the first white European under ten seconds (although Poland's Marian Woronin had unofficially surpassed the barrier with a time of 9.992 seconds in 1984).[9] In 2011, Zimbabwean Ngonidzashe Makusha became the 76th man to break the barrier, yet only the fourth man not of West African descent.[10] No sprinter of predominantly Asian or East African descent has officially achieved this feat.[11][12][13]

Colin Jackson (an athlete with mixed ethnic background and former world record holder in the 110 metre hurdles)[14] noted that both his parents were talented athletes and suggested that biological inheritance was the greatest influence, rather than any perceived racial factor. Furthermore, successful black role models in track events may reinforce the racial disparity.[12] (But, of course, this does not explain why black East-Africans are not equally motivated by black role models to excel at sprinting, or why people of West-African descent are not typically motivated to excel at distance running.)

No woman has recorded an official sub-10 second time. The world record of 10.49 seconds set by American Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988 remains unbroken.

Electronically timed marks[edit]

Sprinters who have broken the 10-second barrier
# Date first broken Athlete Time
000(seconds)		 Age Nationality Continent[1] Best (year)[2] Ref
1 14 October 1968 Hines, JimJim Hines 9.95 (A)[3] 700122000000000000022 years, 700134000000000000034 days  United States North America 9.95 (1968)
2 11 August 1977 Leonard, SilvioSilvio Leonard 9.98 (A) 700121000000000000021 years, 7002325000000000000325 days  Cuba North America 9.98 (1977)
3 14 May 1983 Lewis, CarlCarl Lewis 9.97 700121000000000000021 years, 7002317000000000000317 days  United States North America 9.86 (1991)
4 3 July 1983 Smith, CalvinCalvin Smith 9.93 (A) 700122000000000000022 years, 7002176000000000000176 days  United States North America 9.93 (1983)
5 5 May 1984 Lattany, MelMel Lattany 9.96 700124000000000000024 years, 7002269000000000000269 days  United States North America 9.96 (1984)
6[5] 24 September 1988 Christie, LinfordLinford Christie 9.97 700128000000000000028 years, 7002175000000000000175 days  United Kingdom Europe 9.87 (1993)
7 20 May 1989 Stewart, RaymondRaymond Stewart 9.97 700124000000000000024 years, 700163000000000000063 days  Jamaica North America 9.96 (1991)
8 16 June 1989 Burrell, LeroyLeroy Burrell 9.94 700122000000000000022 years, 7002115000000000000115 days  United States North America 9.85 (1994)
9 25 August 1991 Mitchell, DennisDennis Mitchell 9.99 700125000000000000025 years, 7002186000000000000186 days  United States North America 9.91 (1991)
10 25 August 1991 Fredericks, FrankieFrankie Fredericks 9.95 700123000000000000023 years, 7002327000000000000327 days  Namibia Africa 9.86 (1996)
11 11 September 1991 Cason, AndreAndre Cason 9.99 700122000000000000022 years, 7002234000000000000234 days  United States North America 9.92 (1993)
12 4 April 1992 Adeniken, OlapadeOlapade Adeniken 9.97 700122000000000000022 years, 7002229000000000000229 days  Nigeria Africa 9.95 (1994)
13 18 April 1992 Marsh, MichaelMichael Marsh 9.93 700124000000000000024 years, 7002258000000000000258 days  United States North America 9.93 (1992)
14 18 April 1992 Ezinwa, DavidsonDavidson Ezinwa 9.96 700120000000000000020 years, 7002148000000000000148 days  Nigeria Africa 9.94 (1994)
15 21 May 1993 Effiong, DanielDaniel Effiong 9.99 700120000000000000020 years, 7002338000000000000338 days  Nigeria Africa 9.98 (1993)
16 22 July 1994 Drummond, JonJon Drummond 9.99 700125000000000000025 years, 7002316000000000000316 days  United States North America 9.92 (1997)
17 22 April 1995 Bailey, DonovanDonovan Bailey 9.99 700127000000000000027 years, 7002127000000000000127 days  Canada North America 9.84 (1996)
18 15 June 1995 Surin, BrunyBruny Surin 9.97 700127000000000000027 years, 7002338000000000000338 days  Canada North America 9.84 (1999)
19 21 April 1996 Boldon, AtoAto Boldon 9.93 700122000000000000022 years, 7002113000000000000113 days  Trinidad and Tobago North America 9.86 (1998)
20 12 June 1997 Greene, MauriceMaurice Greene 9.96 700122000000000000022 years, 7002324000000000000324 days  United States North America 9.79 (1999)
21 12 June 1997 Streete-Thompson, KareemKareem Streete-Thompson 9.96 700124000000000000024 years, 700174000000000000074 days  United States North America 9.96 (1997)
22 12 June 1997 Montgomery, TimTim Montgomery 9.96 700122000000000000022 years, 7002138000000000000138 days  United States North America 9.92 (1997)
23 20 June 1997 Spencer, PercivalPercival Spencer 9.98 700122000000000000022 years, 7002116000000000000116 days  Jamaica North America 9.98 (1997)
24 13 July 1997 Ogunkoya, SeunSeun Ogunkoya 9.97 700119000000000000019 years, 7002197000000000000197 days  Nigeria Africa 9.92 (1998)
25 9 August 1998 Henderson, VincentVincent Henderson 9.95 700125000000000000025 years, 7002293000000000000293 days  United States North America 9.95 (1998)
26 11 September 1998 Thompson, ObadeleObadele Thompson 9.87 (A) 700122000000000000022 years, 7002165000000000000165 days  Barbados North America 9.87 (1998)
27 5 June 1999 Myles-Mills, LeonardLeonard Myles-Mills 9.98 700126000000000000026 years, 700127000000000000027 days  Ghana Africa 9.98 (1999)
28 13 June 1999 Chambers, DwainDwain Chambers 9.99 700121000000000000021 years, 700169000000000000069 days  United Kingdom Europe 9.97 (1999)
29 2 July 1999 Gardener, JasonJason Gardener 9.98 700123000000000000023 years, 7002287000000000000287 days  United Kingdom Europe 9.98 (1999)
30 5 July 1999 Harden, TimTim Harden 9.92 700125000000000000025 years, 7002159000000000000159 days  United States North America 9.92 (1999)
31 2 June 2000 Miller, CobyCoby Miller 9.98 700123000000000000023 years, 7002227000000000000227 days  United States North America 9.98 (2000)
32 2 June 2000 Williams, BernardBernard Williams 9.99 700122000000000000022 years, 7002135000000000000135 days  United States North America 9.94 (2001)
33 21 June 2000 Obikwelu, FrancisFrancis Obikwelu 9.97 700121000000000000021 years, 7002212000000000000212 days  Nigeria[4] Africa 9.86 (2004)
34 12 April 2002 Crawford, ShawnShawn Crawford 9.99 700124000000000000024 years, 700188000000000000088 days  United States North America 9.88 (2004)
35 21 April 2002 Johnson, Joshua J.Joshua J. Johnson 9.95 700125000000000000025 years, 7002346000000000000346 days  United States North America 9.95 (2002)
36 4 May 2002 Lewis, BrianBrian Lewis 9.99 700127000000000000027 years, 7002150000000000000150 days  United States North America 9.99 (2002)
37 27 July 2002 Collins, KimKim Collins 9.98 700126000000000000026 years, 7002113000000000000113 days  Saint Kitts and Nevis North America 9.98 (2002)
38 5 May 2003 Johnson, PatrickPatrick Johnson 9.93 700130000000000000030 years, 7002221000000000000221 days  Australia Oceania 9.93 (2003)
39 19 July 2003 Aliu, DejiDeji Aliu 9.98 700127000000000000027 years, 7002239000000000000239 days  Nigeria Africa 9.95 (2003)
40 15 August 2003 Capel, JohnJohn Capel 9.97 700124000000000000024 years, 7002261000000000000261 days  United States North America 9.95 (2004)
41 15 August 2003 Gatlin, JustinJustin Gatlin 9.97 700121000000000000021 years, 7002186000000000000186 days  United States North America 9.79 (2012)
42 15 August 2003 Grimes, MickeyMickey Grimes 9.99 700126000000000000026 years, 7002309000000000000309 days  United States North America 9.99 (2003)
43 12 October 2003 Emedolu, UchennaUchenna Emedolu 9.97 700127000000000000027 years, 700125000000000000025 days  Nigeria Africa 9.97 (2003)
44 12 June 2004 Powell, AsafaAsafa Powell 9.99 700121000000000000021 years, 7002202000000000000202 days  Jamaica North America 9.72 (2008)
45 14 June 2005 Zakari, AzizAziz Zakari 9.99 700128000000000000028 years, 7002285000000000000285 days  Ghana Africa 9.99 (2005)
46 25 June 2005 Burns, MarcMarc Burns 9.96 700122000000000000022 years, 7002169000000000000169 days  Trinidad and Tobago North America 9.96 (2005)
47 25 June 2005 Brown, DarrelDarrel Brown 9.99 700120000000000000020 years, 7002257000000000000257 days  Trinidad and Tobago North America 9.99 (2005)
48 5 July 2005 Pognon, RonaldRonald Pognon 9.99 700122000000000000022 years, 7002231000000000000231 days  France Europe 9.99 (2005)
49 22 July 2005 Scott, LeonardLeonard Scott 9.94 700125000000000000025 years, 7002184000000000000184 days  United States North America 9.91 (2006)
50 25 May 2006 Fasuba, OlusojiOlusoji Fasuba 9.93 700121000000000000021 years, 7002320000000000000320 days  Nigeria Africa 9.85 (2006)
51 21 July 2006 Gay, TysonTyson Gay 9.97 700123000000000000023 years, 7002346000000000000346 days  United States North America 9.69 (2009)
52 18 August 2006 Brunson, MarcusMarcus Brunson 9.99 700128000000000000028 years, 7002116000000000000116 days  United States North America 9.99 (2006)
53 24 April 2007 Atkins, DerrickDerrick Atkins 9.98 700123000000000000023 years, 7002109000000000000109 days  Bahamas North America 9.91 (2007)
54 8 June 2007 Dix, WalterWalter Dix 9.93 700121000000000000021 years, 7002128000000000000128 days  United States North America 9.88 (2010)
55 26 July 2007 Francis, SamuelSamuel Francis 9.99 700120000000000000020 years, 7002121000000000000121 days  Qatar Asia 9.99 (2007)
56 28 September 2007 Spearmon, WallaceWallace Spearmon 9.96 700122000000000000022 years, 7002278000000000000278 days  United States North America 9.96 (2007)
57 10 May 2008 Padgett, TravisTravis Padgett 9.96 700121000000000000021 years, 7002149000000000000149 days  United States North America 9.89 (2008)
58 17 May 2008 Bolt, UsainUsain Bolt 9.76 700121000000000000021 years, 7002270000000000000270 days  Jamaica North America 9.58 (2009) World Record
59 18 May 2008 Thompson, RichardRichard Thompson 9.93 700122000000000000022 years, 7002346000000000000346 days  Trinidad and Tobago North America 9.85 (2011)
60 28 June 2008 Martin, RodneyRodney Martin 9.95 700125000000000000025 years, 7002189000000000000189 days  United States North America 9.95 (2008) [15]
61 28 June 2008 Jelks, MarkMark Jelks 9.99 700124000000000000024 years, 700179000000000000079 days  United States North America 9.99 (2008) [15]
62 28 June 2008 Patton, DarvisDarvis Patton 9.89 700130000000000000030 years, 7002207000000000000207 days  United States North America 9.89 (2008) [15]
63 28 June 2008 Williams, IvoryIvory Williams 9.94 700123000000000000023 years, 700157000000000000057 days  United States North America 9.94 (2008) [15]
64 22 July 2008 Carter, NestaNesta Carter 9.98 700122000000000000022 years, 7002285000000000000285 days  Jamaica North America 9.78 (2010)
65 15 August 2008 Martina, ChurandyChurandy Martina 9.99 700124000000000000024 years, 700143000000000000043 days  Netherlands Antilles/ Netherlands North America/Europe 9.91 (2012)
66 16 August 2008 Frater, MichaelMichael Frater 9.97 700125000000000000025 years, 7002315000000000000315 days  Jamaica North America 9.88 (2011)
67 24 May 2009 Bailey, DanielDaniel Bailey 9.99 700122000000000000022 years, 7002257000000000000257 days  Antigua and Barbuda North America 9.91 (2009) [16]
68 7 June 2009 Rodgers, MikeMike Rodgers 9.94 700124000000000000024 years, 700144000000000000044 days  United States North America 9.85 (2011) [17]
69 10 July 2009 Blake, YohanYohan Blake 9.96 700119000000000000019 years, 7002196000000000000196 days  Jamaica North America 9.69 (2012) [18][19]
70 28 August 2009 Clarke, LeroneLerone Clarke 9.99 700128000000000000028 years, 700152000000000000052 days  Jamaica North America 9.99 (2009)
71 9 July 2010 Lemaitre, ChristopheChristophe Lemaitre 9.98 700120000000000000020 years, 700128000000000000028 days  France Europe 9.92 (2011) [20]
72 19 August 2010 Kimmons, TrellTrell Kimmons 9.95 700125000000000000025 years, 700137000000000000037 days  United States North America 9.95 (2010) [21]
73 29 August 2010 Bailey, RyanRyan Bailey 9.95 700121000000000000021 years, 7002138000000000000138 days  United States North America 9.88 (2010) [22]
74 29 August 2010 Forsythe, MarioMario Forsythe 9.99 700124000000000000024 years, 7002303000000000000303 days  Jamaica North America 9.95 (2010) [22]
75[7] 16 April 2011 Mullings, SteveSteve Mullings 9.90 700128000000000000028 years, 7002139000000000000139 days  Jamaica North America 9.80 (2011) [23]
76 23 April 2011 Makusha, NgonidzasheNgonidzashe Makusha 9.97 700124000000000000024 years, 700143000000000000043 days  Zimbabwe Africa 9.89 (2011) [24]
77 4 June 2011 Ashmeade, NickelNickel Ashmeade 9.96 700121000000000000021 years, 700158000000000000058 days  Jamaica North America 9.93 (2012) [25]
78 4 June 2011 Bledman, KestonKeston Bledman 9.93 700123000000000000023 years, 700188000000000000088 days  Trinidad and Tobago North America 9.86 (2012) [26]
79 10 June 2011 Salaam, MookieMookie Salaam 9.97 700121000000000000021 years, 700166000000000000066 days  United States North America 9.97 (2011) [4]
80 30 June 2011 Ndure, Jaysuma SaidyJaysuma Saidy Ndure 9.99 700126000000000000026 years, 7002364000000000000364 days  Norway Europe 9.99 (2011) [27]
81 6 June 2012 Harry Adams 9.96 700122000000000000022 years, 7002192000000000000192 days  United States North America 9.96 (2012) [28]
82 7 July 2012 Kemar Hyman 9.95 700122000000000000022 years, 7002270000000000000270 days  Cayman Islands North America 9.95 (2012) [29]
83 7 September 2012 Kemar Bailey-Cole 9.97 700120000000000000020 years, 7002241000000000000241 days  Jamaica North America 9.96 (2013)
84 23 May 2013 Isiah Young 9.99 700123000000000000023 years, 7002138000000000000138 days  United States North America 9.99 (2013)
85 5 June 2013 Dentarius Locke 9.97 700123000000000000023 years, 7002175000000000000175 days  United States North America 9.97 (2013) [30]
86 8 June 2013 Mvumvure, GabrielGabriel Mvumvure 9.98 700125000000000000025 years, 7002105000000000000105 days  Zimbabwe Africa 9.98 (2013)

Notes[edit]

  • 1 The continental athletic association that governs the country which the athlete competes for internationally.
  • 2 The personal career best time achieved by the sprinter.
  • 3 Denotes a run achieved at a high altitude.
  • 4 Francis Obikwelu now competes for Portugal but he first broke the 10-second barrier while competing for Nigeria.
  • 5 Canadian Ben Johnson was the sixth runner to achieve the feat (having recorded multiple finishes under ten seconds), but these runs were rescinded after Johnson admitted to using steroids between 1981 and 1988.
  • 6 British sprinter Mark Lewis-Francis recorded a time of 9.97 seconds on 4 August 2001 (aged 700118000000000000018 years, 7002334000000000000334 days) but the wind gauge malfunctioned, invalidating the run.
  • 7 At the Jamaican national trials in June 2011, Steve Mullings had tested positive for the drug Furosemide, a masking agent. On 22 November the Jamaican Anti-Doping Disciplinary Panel handed him a lifetime ban from athletics.

Totals[edit]

By year
Year No. of new athletes[citation needed]
1968 1
1977 1
1983 2
1984 1
1988 1
1989 2
1991 3
1992 3
1993 1
1994 1
1995 2
1996 1
1997 5
1998 2
1999 4
2000 3
2002 4
2003 6
2004 1
2005 5
2006 3
2007 4
2008 10
2009 4
2010 4
2011 6
2012 3
2013 3
By country
Nation No. of athletes
 United States 39
 Jamaica 12
 Nigeria 8
 Trinidad and Tobago 5
 United Kingdom 3
 Canada 2
 France 2
 Ghana 2
 Zimbabwe 2
 Cuba 1
 Namibia 1
 Barbados 1
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 1
 Australia 1
 Bahamas 1
 Qatar 1
 Netherlands Antilles 1
 Antigua and Barbuda 1
 Zimbabwe 1
 Norway 1
 Cayman Islands 1
By continent
Continent No. of athletes
Africa 13
Asia 1
Europe 6
Oceania 1
North and Central America 65
South America 0

Hand timed marks[edit]

The following sprinters all received a hand-timed mark of 9.9 seconds. All the runners held the world record simultaneously. However, the timing may not have been precise.

Sprinters who have broken the 10-second barrier with manual timing
Date first broken Athlete Nationality No. of times broken
20 June 1968 Jim Hines[31]  United States 2
20 June 1968 Smith, Ronnie RayRonnie Ray Smith  United States 1
20 June 1968 Greene, CharlesCharles Greene  United States 1
21 June 1972 Williams, SteveSteve Williams  United States 4
1 July 1972 Hart, EddieEddie Hart  United States 1
1 July 1972 Robinson, ReyRey Robinson  United States 1
5 June 1975 Leonard, SilvioSilvio Leonard  Cuba 1
3 April 1976 Glance, HarveyHarvey Glance  United States 2
22 May 1976 Quarrie, DonDon Quarrie  Jamaica 1

References[edit]

General
Specific
  1. ^ Gardener, Jason. (2008-08-09). Jason Gardener: I'm backing Tyson Gay to win one of the greatest 100 metres finals. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 2009-06-03.
  2. ^ World Championships: A History. Sporting Life. Retrieved on 2009-08-06. Archived 2009-08-10.
  3. ^ 100 metres records. IAAF. Retrieved on 2009-06-18. Archived 2009-06-20.
  4. ^ a b Tchechankov, Ivan (2011-06-10). 2011 already a record-breaking year for the men’s 100 metres - Updated. IAAF. Retrieved on 2011-06-11.
  5. ^ Will Swanton and David Sygall, (2007-07-15). Holy Grails. Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved on 2009-06-18. Archived 2009-06-20.
  6. ^ The above source fails to mention that Namibian Frankie Fredericks was the first runner of non-West African descent to break the barrier.
  7. ^ Athlete Profiles - Patrick Johnson. Athletics Australia. Retrieved 2009-06-19. Archived 2009-06-20.
  8. ^ Jad Adrian (July 2011). Christophe Lemaitre 100m 9.92s +2.0 (Video) - Officially the Fastest White Man in History. www.adriansprints.com. Retrieved 2011-07-31)
  9. ^ "Błąd w odczycie wyniku Justina Gatlina" (in polish). www.sport.wp.pl. 2006-05-18. Retrieved 2006-05-18. 
  10. ^ "9"98 pour Lemaitre", Le Figaro, 07-09-2010
  11. ^ Syed, Matthew (2007-08-03).So black runners are naturally faster? Wrong. The Times. Retrieved on 2009-06-18.
  12. ^ a b Barling, Kurt (2000-09-04). Runaway success in the sports arena is never simply a question of race. The Independent. Retrieved on 2009-06-18.
  13. ^ Powell, David (2005-07-23). British sprint success as easy as 1-2-3. The Times. Retrieved on 2009-06-18.
  14. ^ Who Do You Think You Are - Colin Jackson. BBC Sport. Retrieved on 2009-06-18.
  15. ^ a b c d US Olympic Trials Men 100 Meter Dash Quarter Finals. USATF (2008-06-28). Retrieved on 2009-06-03.
  16. ^ http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/antigua-barbuda/daniel-bailey
  17. ^ Lee, Kirby (2009-06-08). Phillips sails 8.74m in Eugene for best Long Jump in world since 1991 – IAAF World Athletics Tour. IAAF. Retrieved on 2009-06-10.
  18. ^ Ramsak, Bob (2009-07-10). Gay powers back with 9.77 in Rome – REPORT - ÅF Golden League. IAAF. Retrieved on 2009-07-11. Archived 2009-07-20.
  19. ^ http://www.cbssports.com/olympics/blog/eye-on-olympics/19449272/fairly-shocking-usain-bolt-loses-100meter-race
  20. ^ Pierre Jean Vazel (2010-07-09). "Lemaitre - 9.98sec". IAAF. Archived from the original on 10 July 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-10. 
  21. ^ "100 Metres 2nd Race Results". www.diamondleague-zurich.com. 2010-08-19. Archived from the original on 21 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-19. 
  22. ^ a b "Results - 100m Men - Heat 2". www.rietimeeting.com. 2010-08-29. Retrieved 2010-08-30. 
  23. ^ "100 Metres Dash Results". www.directathletics.com. 2011-04-16. Retrieved 2011-04-18. 
  24. ^ "100 Metres Dash Results". www.flashresults.com. 2011-04-23. Retrieved 2011-04-24. 
  25. ^ "Tyson Gay runs world's fastest 100 this year in Central Florida meet". www.southflorida.sun-sentinel.com. 2011-06-04. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-07. 
  26. ^ "Keston Bledman blazes to 9.93". www.trackalerts.com. 2011-06-04. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-07. 
  27. ^ "100m Men: Results" (PDF). Samsung Diamond League. Omega Timing. 30 June 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2011. 
  28. ^ "100m Dash Results". www.flashresults.com. 6 June 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2012. 
  29. ^ Emeterio Valiente (8 July 2012). "Hyman joins sub-10 club in Madrid - IAAF World Challenge". IAAF. Retrieved 8 July 2012. 
  30. ^ Katherine Smith (5 June 2013). "Former Chamberlain athlete Dentarius Locke shows off blazing speed at NCAA meet". Bright House Sports Network. Retrieved 7 June 2013. 
  31. ^ "A History of World Records - Interactive Graphic". NYTimes.com. 16 August 2008. Archived from the original on 2 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-03. 

External links[edit]

Records in athletics
Event records
World events
Olympic records
World Championships
Outdoor
Indoor
Universiade
Military World Games
World Junior Championships
World Youth Championships
Area Championships
African Championships
Asian Championships
Outdoor
Indoor
Asian Junior Championships
European Championships
Outdoor
Indoor
European Team Championships
European U23 Championships
European Junior Championships
Oceania Championships
NACAC Championships
NACAC Under-23 Championships
CAC Championships
CAC Junior/Youth Championships
CAC Age Group Championships
Central American Championships
Central American Junior and Youth Championships
South American Championships
South American Under-23 Championships
South American Junior Championships
South American Youth Championships
Pan American Junior Championships
Area Games
All-Africa Games
Asian Games
Outdoor
Indoor
Central Asian Games
East Asian Games
West Asian Games
South Asian Games
Southeast Asian Games
Central American and Caribbean Games
Central American Games
Pan American Games
South American Games
Pacific Games
Micronesian Games
Area records
Continental and
Community records
Runner over blank map.svg
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=10-second_barrier&oldid=559370353"