1221
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This article is about the year 1221.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 12th century – 13th century – 14th century |
| Decades: | 1190s 1200s 1210s – 1220s – 1230s 1240s 1250s |
| Years: | 1218 1219 1220 – 1221 – 1222 1223 1224 |
| 1221 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Art and literature | |
| 1221 in poetry | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1221 MCCXXI |
| Ab urbe condita | 1974 |
| Armenian calendar | 670 ԹՎ ՈՀ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5971 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -623–-622 |
| Bengali calendar | 628 |
| Berber calendar | 2171 |
| English Regnal year | 5 Hen. 3 – 6 Hen. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1765 |
| Burmese calendar | 583 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6729–6730 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚辰年十二月初六日 (3857/3917-12-6) — to —
辛巳年十二月十六日(3858/3918-12-16) |
| Coptic calendar | 937–938 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1213–1214 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4981–4982 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1277–1278 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1143–1144 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4322–4323 |
| Holocene calendar | 11221 |
| Iranian calendar | 599–600 |
| Islamic calendar | 617–618 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Korean calendar | 3554 |
| Minguo calendar | 691 before ROC 民前691年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1764 |
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Year 1221 (MCCXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
[edit] Events
- January – The Mongol Army under Jochi captures the city of Gurganj (now Kunya-Urgench), and massacres the inhabitants, reported by contemporary scholars as being over a million killed, although probably only a fifth or a tenth of that in reality.
- February – Merv is sacked by the Mongols under Tolui at the orders of Genghis Khan. Contemporary scholars report over a million people are systematically killed in the aftermath.
- May 13 – Emperor Juntoku is briefly succeeded by Emperor Chūkyō on the throne of Japan.
- Former Emperor Go-Toba leads an unsuccessful rebellion against the Kamakura Shogunate.
- Emperor Go-Horikawa ascends to the throne of Japan.
- The Maya of the Yucatán revolt against the rulers of Chichen Itza.
- Nizhny Novgorod City (Russia) is founded.
- A large and highly efficient Mongol army, dispatched under Subutai by Genghis Khan to Georgia, defeats two Georgian armies around Tbilisi, but lacks the will or equipment to besiege the city.
- Genghis Khan enters the Indus Valley.
- Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II founds the University of Padua in Italy.
- Sultan Kamil, Saladin's son and successor, offers Jerusalem to the Crusaders in return for Damietta, which the Crusaders eventually give up in exchange for a safe retreat from the Nile Delta.
- Majd al Mulk al-Muzaffar, the grand vizier of Greater Khorasan, is killed by Mongol invaders.
[edit] Births
- October 9 – Salimbene di Adam, Italian chronicler
- November 23 – King Alfonso X of Castile (d. 1284)
- Bonaventure, Italian theologian and saint (d. 1274)
- Boleslaus the Pious, Duke of Greater Poland (d. 1279)
[edit] Deaths
- August 6 – Saint Dominic, Spanish founder of the Dominicans (b. 1170)
- October 4 – William III Talvas, Count of Ponthieu (b. 1179)
- October 21 – Alix of Thouars, Duchess of Brittany (b. 1201)
- Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk
