1232
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This article is about the year 1232.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 12th century – 13th century – 14th century |
| Decades: | 1200s 1210s 1220s – 1230s – 1240s 1250s 1260s |
| Years: | 1229 1230 1231 – 1232 – 1233 1234 1235 |
| 1232 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Art and literature | |
| 1232 in poetry | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1232 MCCXXXII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1985 |
| Armenian calendar | 681 ԹՎ ՈՁԱ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5982 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -612–-611 |
| Bengali calendar | 639 |
| Berber calendar | 2182 |
| English Regnal year | 16 Hen. 3 – 17 Hen. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1776 |
| Burmese calendar | 594 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6740–6741 |
| Chinese calendar | 辛卯年十二月初八日 (3868/3928-12-8) — to —
壬辰年十一月十八日(3869/3929-11-18) |
| Coptic calendar | 948–949 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1224–1225 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4992–4993 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1288–1289 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1154–1155 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4333–4334 |
| Holocene calendar | 11232 |
| Iranian calendar | 610–611 |
| Islamic calendar | 629–630 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Korean calendar | 3565 |
| Minguo calendar | 680 before ROC 民前680年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1775 |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1232 |
Year 1232 (MCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
[edit] Events
[edit] By area
[edit] Africa
- The Almohad army besieges Ceuta where Abu Musa, the rebellious brother of the caliph, has received shelter and the support of the population. The Genoese rent a part of their fleet to the rebels who successfully resist the forces of the caliph.[1] The consequences of this revolt are threefold: the city becomes de facto independent from the Almohads, but its reliance on the Italian maritime powers increases and the trans-Saharan trade routes begin to shift eastward due to the local turmoil.
[edit] Asia
- The first edition of Tripitaka Koreana is destroyed by Mongol invaders.
[edit] Europe
- June 15 – Battle of Agridi: Henry I of Cyprus defeats the armies of Frederick II.
- Spain: Muhammad Ibn Yusuf Ibn Nasr rebels against the independent ruler of al-Andalus, Ibn Hud al-Yadami and takes control of the city of Arjona. This is the foundation of the Nasrid dynasty.[2]
- Italy: Pope Gregory IX, driven from Rome by a revolt, takes refuge at Anagni.
- Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II promulgates the Statutum in favorem principum.
[edit] By topic
[edit] Markets
The northern French city of Troyes emits its first recorded life annuities, confirming the trend of consolidation of local public debts initiated in 1218 by the neighboring city of Rheims.[3]
[edit] Religion
- Anthony of Padua, patron saint of lost items, is canonized.
[edit] Births
- Arnolfo di Cambio, Florentine architect (d. 1310)
- Manfred of Sicily (approximate date; d. 1266)
- Bernard Saisset, Occitan bishop of Pamiers (d. 1311)
- Ramon Llull, Majorcan missionary (d. 1316)
[edit] Deaths
- July 18 – John de Braose, Marcher Lord of Bramber and Gower
- Michael Scot, Scottish mathematician and astrologer (b. 1175)
- Tolui, son of Genghis Khan (b. c. 1190)
- William III of Sicily (executed) (b. 1208)
- Sir Frederick Cadogan (beheaded) for burning a turtle in public (b. 1208)
[edit] References
- ^ Picard, Christophe (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
- ^ Peter Linehan (1999). "Chapter 21: Castile, Portugal and Navarre". In David Abulafia. The New Cambridge Medieval History c.1198-c.1300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 672. ISBN 052136289X.
- ^ Zuijderduijn, Jaco (2009). Medieval Capital Markets. Markets for renten, state formation and private investment in Holland (1300-1550). Leiden/Boston: Brill. ISBN 18725155.
