1340s
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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
| Centuries: | 13th century – 14th century – 15th century |
| Decades: | 1310s 1320s 1330s – 1340s – 1350s 1360s 1370s |
| Years: | 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 |
| Categories: | Births – Deaths – Architecture Establishments – Disestablishments |
1340s: events by year
Contents: 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349
1340
January–December
- January 26 – King Edward III of England is declared King of France.
- June 7 – Rotterdam is officially declared a city.
- June 24 – The Battle of Sluys is fought between the naval fleets of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France. The former is under the command of Edward III of England and the latter under that of Admiral Hugues Quiéret and treasurer Nicholas Béhuchet assisted by Genoese mercenary galleys under Egidio Bocanegra. The French fleet is virtually destroyed and both commanders are killed.
- October 30 – Spain: At the Battle of Salado, the kings of Castile and Portugal defeat the Nasrid ruler of Granada and his Moroccan allies.
Date unknown
- Europe has about 74 million inhabitants.
- Valdemar IV of Denmark, son of deceased King Christopher II of Denmark is elected to the throne following 8 years of Interregnum.
1342
January–December
- May 7 – Pope Clement VI succeeds Pope Benedict XII as the 198th pope.
- July 16 – Louis I becomes king of Hungary.
- August 15 – Louis "the Child" becomes king of Sicily and duke of Athens.
- September 4 – John III Comnenus becomes emperor of Trebizond.
Date unknown
- Guy de Lusignan becomes King Gosdantin II of Armenia.
- The Patriarch of Antioch is transferred to Damascus under Ignatius II.
- Kitzbühel becomes part of Tyrol.
- The Vijayanagara Empire is established in South India.
- The Zealots seize power in Thessalonica, expelling its aristocrats and declaring themselves in favour of the regency in the ongoing Byzantine civil war.
1343
January–December
- January 27 – Pope Clement VI issues his Bull Unigenitus, defining the doctrine of "The Treasury of Merits" or "The Treasury of the Church" as the basis for the issuance of indulgences by the Catholic Church.
- April 23 – The St. George's Night Uprising occurs in Estonia (-1345).
- May 4 – The four Estonian kings are murdered at the negotiations with the Livonian Order
- August 15 – Magnus II of Sweden abdicates from the throne of Norway in favor of his son Haakon VI of Norway. However Haakon is still a minor, allowing Magnus to remain de facto ruler.
- November 25 – A tsunami, caused by an earthquake, devastates the Maritime Republic of Amalfi, among other places.
1344
January–December
- December 6 – Five-year-old Erik Magnusson, the eldest son of king Magnus IV of Sweden, is appointed heir to the Swedish throne, even though Sweden, at this time, is an elective monarchy.
Date unknown
- King Edward III of England introduces three new gold coins, the florin, leopard, and helm. Unfortunately the amount of gold in the coins does not match their value of 6 shillings, 3 shillings, and 1 shilling and sixpence, so they have to be withdrawn and mostly melted down by August of this year.
- Vesse, the rebel King of Saaremaa Island in Estonia, is hanged.
- Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec civilization, is founded.
- Bablake School was founded in Coventry, England by Queen Isabella.
- The Compagnia dei Bardi in Florence goes bankrupt, along with the Peruzzi Bank and the Acciaiuoli Bank.
- Famine in China.
- King Peter IV of Aragon defeats and deposes his cousin, James III of Majorca, thereby absorbing the Balearic Kingdom of Majorca into the Crown of Aragon.
1345
January–December
- January 1 – Louis IV's son, Louis VI the Roman, marries Cunigunde, a Lithuanian princess.
- January 17 – Turks attack Smyrna
- March 12 – The Miracle of the Host occurs (as commemorated in Amsterdam).
- March 24 – Guy de Chauliac observes the planets Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars conjoined in the sky under the sign of Aquarius and a solar eclipse on the same day. This sign is interpreted as foreboding by many, and Chauliac will later blame it for the Black Plague.[1][2]
- April – Edward III offers "defiance" of Philip VI.
- April 22 – Battle of Gamenario: The Lombards defeat the Angevins in the northwest region of present-day Italy, just southeast of Turin.
- May – Turks led by Umur Bey sail from Asia Minor to the Balkan Peninsula and raid Bulgarian territory.[3]
- July 7 – Battle of Peritheorion: the forces of Momchil, autonomous ruler of the Rhodope, are defeated by the Turkish allies of John VI Kantakouzenos.[4]
- September – Holland, Hainaut and Zeeland are inherited by Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor and remain part of the imperial crown domain until 1347.
- September 18 – Andrew, Duke of Calabria is assassinated in Naples (d. in Aversa).
- September 26 – Battle of Warns: The Frisians defeat the forces of Holland under William IV, Count of Hainaut, in the midst of the Friso-Hollandic Wars.
- October 21 – English victory at the Battle of Auberoche in Gascony.
- December – English take Aiguillon in Gascony.
1346
January–December
- Spring – A severe Black Death epidemic begins in the Crimea.[5]
- March 18 – French prepare to defend Channel coasts.[6]
- April – French besiege Aiguillon.[6]
- April 16 – The Serbian Empire is proclaimed in Skopje by Dusan Silni, occupying much of South-Eastern Europe.[7]
- May–June – An English invasion fleet assembles at Portsmouth.[6]
- June 9 – Battle of St Pol de Leon: English army defeats Charles of Blois in Brittany.[6]
- June 20 – English win small victory at La Roche-Derrien in Brittanny.[6]
- June 24 – The leaders of Ghent, Bruges and Ypres agree to support Edward III.[6]
- July – Edward III orders closing of English ports to stop information reaching France.[6]
- July 1 – Charles IV of Luxembourg is elected Holy Roman Emperor.[8]
- July 3 – English fleet attempts to sail from Portsmouth to Normandy but is forced back by contrary winds.[6]
- July 11 – July 12 – Edward III and the English army cross the English Channel and begin an invasion of France.[9]
- July 12 – July 18 – The English raid and burn neighboring towns and villages in the Cotentin peninsula.[9]
- August 26 – Battle of Crécy, in which the English defeat the French[10]
- September 4 – English begin siege of Calais.[10]
- October – Louis the Bavarian, challenger to Charles IV, is killed in a boar hunt, preventing civil war.[8]
- October 17 – Battle of Neville's Cross: English army defeats the Scots.[11]
- October–November – Several Mongol towns in the Crimea are cleared of inhabitants by the Black Death.[5]
Date unkonwn
- Repairs are made in the Hagia Sophia.
1347
January–December
- February 2 – The Byzantine civil war between John VI Kantakouzenos and the regency for John V Palaiologos ends with Kantakouzenos entering Constantinople.
- May
- The agreement reorganizing the Byzantine Empire's affairs is finalized as Anna of Savoy's son John V Palaiologos marries Kantakouzenos' 15-year-old daughter Helena.
- Genoese ships fleeing the Black Death plague in Kaffa stop in Constantinople, contaminating the city.
- May 20 – Cola di Rienzo, a Roman commoner, declares himself Emperor of Rome in response to years of baronic power-struggles.
- August 2 – The Islamic Bahmani Kingdom is established on the Indian subcontinent.
- September – In the Hundred Years' War, the English win the city of Calais
- September 1 – The Black Death reaches the French city of Marseilles
- October – Ships arrive in southern Italy with the Black Plague
- November
- Pope Clement VI unites several of Rome's upper-class nobility, who drive Cola di Rienzo out of the city
- King Phillip of France meets with the Estates General to ask for funds to further the war effort against the English
- November 1 – Black Death spreads to Aix-en-Provence in France
- December – Plague hits the island of Majorca
- December 25 – First cases of the plague recorded in the city of Split in Croatia.
Date unknown
- The Charles University in Prague is founded (this or the next year).
1348
January–December
- April 7 – Charles University is founded in Prague.
- June – Two ships enter the Bristol Channel bringing the bubonic plague to England.
- June 24 – The Black Death outbreak goes into full swing in Melcombe Regis (modern-day Weymouth, Dorset in England).
- July 6 – A Papal bull is issued by Pope Clement VI, protecting Jews against popular aggression during the Black Death epidemic.
- November 1 – The anti-royalist Union of Valencia attacks the Jews of Murviedro because they are serfs of the King of Valencia and thus "royalists".
Date unknown
- The Black Death epidemic spreads to central and western Europe.
- Emperor Sukō succeeds Emperor Komyo of Japan, making them the second and third of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders, respectively.
- Stefan the Mighty, Emperor of Serbia conquers Thessaly and Epirus.
- Edward III of England creates the first English order of chivalry, the Most Noble Order of the Garter.
- The Pskov Republic gains independence from the Novgorod Republic with the treaty of Bolotovo.
- The Black Death breaks out in Cairo.
- Estimation: Hangzhou in Mongolian China becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Cairo, capital of Mamluk Egypt.[12]
- A de-facto truce is observed between England and France until 1355.
- Gonville Hall, the forerunner of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge is founded.
1349
January–December
- January 9 – The Jewish population of Basel, Switzerland is rounded up and incinerated, believed by the residents to be the cause of the ongoing Black Death.
- February 14 – Roughly 2,000 Jews are burned to death in Strasbourg.[13]
- March 21 – The bulk of the 900 strong Jewish community of Erfurt (Germany) is murdered by the rest of the population which accuses the minority to be the underlying cause of the Black Death.[14]
- May – The Black Death ceases in Ireland.
- August 24 – The Black Death breaks out in Elbing (Poland).
- October 20 – Pope Clement VI publishes a papal bull that condemns the Flagellants.
Date unknown
- The Black Death spreads to Norway when an English ship with everyone dead on board floats to Bergen.
- Pope Clement VI annuls the marriage of William Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, and Joan of Kent, on the grounds of her prior marriage to Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent.
- The Black Death breaks out in Mecca
- Ibn Battuta arrives in Fez in Morocco.
- An earthquake in Rome causes extensive damage, including the collapse of the southern exterior facade of the Colosseum.
Significant people
Births
Deaths
References
- ^ pgs. 143–148 ASIN B000K6TDP2
- ^ Horrox, Rosemary. The Black Death. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994. ISBN 978-0-7190-3498-5 pg.104–105
- ^ Ioannes Cantacuzenus. Historiarum... 2, p.530
- ^ Nicephorus Gregoras. Byzantina historia. 2, p.729
- ^ a b Benedictow, Ole Jørgen. The Black Death, 1346-1353. Ipswich: Boydell Press, 2004. ISBN 0851159435 pp. 51
- ^ a b c d e f g h David, Dr. Crecy. 1346: Triumph of the Longbow. Osprey Publishing (UK), 2000. p. 85 ISBN 1855329662
- ^ Evans, Arthur. Ancient Illyria. London: I. B. Tauris, 2007. ISBN 1845111672 pg. iv
- ^ a b Jeep, John. Medieval Germany. New York: Garland Pub, 2001. p. 108 ISBN 0824076443
- ^ a b Lynn, John. Battle: a History of Combat and Culture. Boulder: Westview Press, 2004. pp. 91–92 ISBN 0813333725
- ^ a b David, Dr. Crecy. 1346: Triumph of the Longbow. Osprey Publishing (UK), 2000. p. 86 ISBN 1855329662
- ^ Kinross, John. Discovering Battlefields of England and Scotland. Princes Risborough: Shire, 2008. p. 40 ISBN 0747803706
- ^ Geography at about.com
- ^ Fordham.edu
- ^ Lemaître, Frédéric (19 September 2011). "Erfurt, ses juifs et l'UNESCO" (in French). Le Monde. http://www.lemonde.fr/europe/article/2011/09/19/erfurt-ses-juifs-et-l-unesco_1574328_3214.html. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
