13 (number)

"Thirteen" redirects here. For other uses, see 13 (disambiguation).

← 12 14 → 13
← 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 → List of numbers — Integers 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 →
Cardinal	thirteen
Ordinal	13th (thirteenth)
Numeral system	tredecimal
Factorization	prime
Divisors	1, 13
Roman numeral	XIII
Binary	11012
Octal	158
Duodecimal	1112
Hexadecimal	D16

13 (thirteen  /θɜrˈtiːn/) is the natural number after 12 and before 14. It is the smallest number with eight letters in its name spelled out in English. It is also the first of the teens – the numbers 13 through 19 – the ages of teenagers.

In speech, the numbers 13 and 30 are often confused. When carefully enunciated, they differ in which syllable is stressed: 13 /θərˈtiːn/ ( listen) vs. 30 /ˈθɜrti/. However, in dates such as 1300 ("thirteen hundred") or when contrasting numbers in the teens, such as 13, 14, 15, the stress shifts to the first syllable: 13 /ˈθɜrtiːn/.

Strikingly similar folkloric aspects of the number 13 have been noted in various cultures around the world: one theory is that this is due to the cultures employing lunar-solar calendars (there are approximately 12.41 lunations per solar year, and hence 12 "true months" plus a smaller, and often portentous, thirteenth month). This can be witnessed, for example, in the "Twelve Days of Christmas" of Western European tradition.

In mathematics

The number 13 is the sixth prime number, and the smallest emirp (prime which is a different prime when reversed). It is also a Fibonacci number and one of only 3 known Wilson primes.

Since 5² + 12² = 13², (5, 12, 13) forms a Pythagorean triple.

There are 13 Archimedean solids, and a standard torus can be sliced into 13 pieces with just 3 plane cuts.

List of basic calculations

Multiplication	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10		11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20		21	22	23	24	25		50	100	1000
$13 \times x$	13	26	39	52	65	78	91	104	117	130		143	156	169	182	195	208	221	234	247	260		273	286	299	312	325		650	1300	13000

Exponentiation	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10		11	12	13
$13 ^ x\,$	13	169	2197	28561	371293	4826809	62748517	815730721	10604499373	137858491849		1792160394037	23298085122481	302875106592253
$x ^ {13}\,$	1	8192	1594323	67108864	1220703125	13060694016	96889010407	549755813888	2541865828329	10000000000000		34522712143931	106993205379072	302875106592253

In religion

Roman Catholicism

The apparitions of the Virgin of Fátima in 1917 were claimed to occur on the 13th of six consecutive months.

In Catholic devotional practice, the number thirteen is also associated with Saint Anthony of Padua, since his feast day falls on June 13. A traditional devotion called the Thirteen Tuesdays of St. Anthony involves praying to the saint every Tuesday over a period of thirteen weeks. Another devotion, St. Anthony's Chaplet, consists of thirteen decades of three beads each.

Sikhism

According to famous Sakhi (Evidence) or story of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, when he was an accountant at a town of Sultanpur Lodhi, he was distributing grocery to people and when he gave groceries to the 13th person he stopped there because in Gurmukhi and Hindi the word 13 is called Terah, which means yours. And Guru Nanak Dev Ji kept on saying, "Yours, yours, yours..." remembering God. People reported to the emperor that Guru Nanak Dev Ji was giving out free food to the people. When treasures were checked, there was more money than before.

The Vaisakhi which commemorates the creation of "Khalsa" or pure Sikh was celebrated on April 13 for many years.

Judaism

• In Judaism, 13 signifies the age at which a boy matures and becomes a Bar Mitzvah i.e. a full member of the Jewish faith(is qualified to be count as a member of Minyan).
• The number of principles of Jewish faith according to Maimonides.
• According to Rabbinic commentary on the Torah, God has 13 Attributes of Mercy.
• The number of circles, or "nodes", that make up Metatron's Cube in Kaballistic teachings.

Other

• In Mesoamerican divination, 13 is the number of important cycles of fortune/misfortune (see Trecena).
• 13 is the age that adepts usually start to learn Witchcraft.
• Traditionally, there are 13 witches in a coven.^{[citation needed]}

Lucky and unlucky

Unlucky 13

Main article: Triskaidekaphobia

The number 13 is considered to be an unlucky number in some countries. The end of the Mayan calendar's 13th Baktun is superstitiously feared as a harbinger of the apocalyptic 2012 phenomenon. Fear of the number 13 has a specifically recognized phobia, Triskaidekaphobia, a word which was coined in 1911. The superstitious sufferers of triskaidekaphobia try to avoid bad luck by keeping away from anything numbered or labelled thirteen. As a result, companies and manufacturers use another way of numbering or labeling to avoid the number, with hotels and tall buildings being conspicuous examples (Thirteenth floor). It's also considered to be unlucky to have thirteen guests at a table. Friday the 13th has been considered the unluckiest day of the month.

There are a number of theories behind the cause of the association between thirteen and bad luck, but none of them have been accepted as likely.The number 13, especially Friday the 13th, has long been considered lucky in Judaism, and some think that the general population's fear of 13 stems from anti-semitism.

The Hangman's Noose

13 turns make a traditional hangman's noose. Anything less would not snap a neck.

The Last Supper

At Jesus Christ's last supper, there were thirteen people around the table, counting Christ and the twelve apostles. The 13th apostle was Judas, the traitor.

Knights Templar

On Friday the 13th of October, 1307, King Philip IV of France ordered the arrest of the Knights Templar.

Full moons

A year which contained 13 full moons instead of 12 posed problems for the monks who were in charge of the calendars. "This was considered a very unfortunate circumstance, especially by the monks who had charge of the calendar of thirteen months for that year, and it upset the regular arrangement of church festivals. For this reason thirteen came to be considered an unlucky number."

However, in a typical century, there will be about 37 years which have 13 full moons compared with 63 years with 12 full moons, and typically every third or fourth year would have 13 full moons, making it a reasonably common occurrence, unlikely to tax monks any more than leap years.

A repressed lunar cult

In ancient cultures, the number 13 represented femininity, because it corresponded to the number of lunar (menstrual) cycles in a year (13 x 28 = 364 days). The theory is that, as the solar calendar triumphed over the lunar, the number thirteen became anathema.

Lucky 13

See also: Lucky Thirteen

Several successful sports figures have worn the number 13. Ozzie Guillén, manager of the 2005 World Series Champion Chicago White Sox, has worn the number throughout his baseball career. Alex Rodriguez began wearing it upon joining the New York Yankees (three, the number he had previously worn, is retired by the Bronx Bombers to honor Babe Ruth). Dan Marino, an American football player known for passing the 3rd most yards in NFL history, wore the number 13. Basketball great Wilt Chamberlain wore the number 13 on his jersey throughout his NBA career. Also, FIBA rules require a player to wear the number in international competitions (only numbers from 4 to 15 could be worn, and as there are 12 players, one must wear 13); Chris Mullin, who wore No. 20 in college and No. 17 in the NBA, wore No. 13 for both (1984 and 1992) of his Olympic appearances. Shaquille O'Neal wore No. 13 in 1996; Tim Duncan wore No. 13 in 2004. Steve Nash is currently wearing it for the Phoenix Suns. Yao Ming wore it in the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. Mats Sundin, Pavel Datsyuk, Bill Guerin, and Michael Cammalleri wear 13 in the NHL. One of Iceland's all time best handball players, Sigurður Sveinsson, wore the number 13 when he played for the national team. In association football, both Gerd Müller and Michael Ballack have favoured the number 13, among others.^{[Citation needed]}

In Italy, 13 is also considered to be a lucky number, although in Campania the expression 'tredici' (meaning 13) is said when one considers their luck to have turned for the worse.

Some people even have 13 tattooed onto them to represent the lucky number.

Music

American born Horror-Punk singer and musician including acts such as Murderdolls- Joseph Poole uses the name Wednesday 13 as his stage name, taking "Wednesday" from the girl Wednesday from the Addams Family and 13 from Friday the 13th.

Taylor Swift was born on December 13. She considers 13 her lucky number due to lucky events happening to her only when the number occcurs and wears the number written on her hand frequently at her concerts.

The heavy metal band, Megadeth, released their 13th studio album entitled TH1RT3EN on November 1, 2011. It consists of 13 tracks including the final song "13".

Other

Colgate University also considers 13 to be a lucky number. They were founded in 1819 by 13 men with 13 dollars, 13 prayers and 13 articles. (To this day, members of the Colgate community consider the number 13 a good omen.) In fact, the campus address is 13 Oak Drive in Hamilton, New York, and the male a cappella group is called the Colgate 13.

In the Mayan Tzolk'in calendar, trecenas mark cycles of 13 day periods. The pyramids are also set up in 9 steps divided into 7 days and 6 nights, 13 days total.

In a tarot card deck, XIII is the card of Death, usually picturing the Pale horse with its rider.

Coperos

The number 13 in the Coperos religion (small culture in Brazil) is like a God number. All coperos must know that this number can save humankind.

Age 13

• It is at this point that a person becomes a teenager.
• Youngest age a minor can rent or purchase a T rated game by the ESRB without parental (age 18 or older) consent.

In sports

In rugby league:

• Each side has 13 players on the field at any given time.
• The jersey number 13 is worn by the starting loose forward or lock forward (except in the European Super League, which uses static squad numbering).

The jersey number 13 has been retired by several North American sports teams, usually in honor of past playing greats:

• In Major League Baseball:
  • The Cincinnati Reds, for Dave Concepción.
• In the NBA:
  • The Charlotte Hornets, for Bobby Phills, who died in a 2000 auto accident while playing for the team. The franchise has continued to honor the number in its current incarnation as the New Orleans Hornets.
  • The Golden State Warriors, Los Angeles Lakers, and Philadelphia 76ers, all for Hall of Famer Wilt Chamberlain.
  • The Portland Trail Blazers, for Dave Twardzik.
  • The San Antonio Spurs, for James Silas.
• In the NFL:
  • The Miami Dolphins, for Hall of Famer Dan Marino.
  • The New York Jets, for Hall of Famer Don Maynard.
• The Toronto Maple Leafs of the NHL have a policy of not retiring numbers unless the number's bearer either died or suffered a career-ending incident while a member of the team. Other players whose numbers would otherwise be retired instead have their numbers enshrined by the team as "Honoured Numbers", which remain in circulation for future players. The team has announced that the #13 worn by Mats Sundin will be added to the list of Honoured Numbers on February 11, 2012.

In Formula One, the number 13 is not used. As such, the numbering goes 11, 12, 14, 15 under the current numbering system.

In U.S. college athletics, schools that are members of NCAA Division I are allowed to provide athletic scholarships to a maximum of 13 men's basketball players in a given season.

In rugby union, the jersey number 13 is worn by one of the two starting centres, usually the outside centre but sometimes the inside centre. One notable outside centre, Ireland national team captain and Leinster star Brian O'Driscoll, has questioned the superstition behind the number in a TV advert by stating it may be an unlucky number but only in the game of Bingo and not for him. it is known as unlucky 13

In TV and films

• 13 (musical), a 2007 musical
• Thirteen (film), a 2003 American film
• Number 13 (film), an uncompleted Hitchcock 1922 film
• 13 Tzameti, a 2005 French film ("Tzameti" means "13" in Georgian)
• 13 Ghosts is a 1960 horror film.
  • Thirteen Ghosts a 2001 remake.
• Thirteen is the nickname of Dr. Remy Hadley on the American medical drama House played by Olivia Wilde.
• 13 Assassins is the most recent film by Japanese director Takashi Miike
• The 13th Warrior is a 1999 historical fiction action film starring Antonio Banderas

In other fields

• Cards in a suit.
• The number of colonies that formed the United States. The original flag had thirteen stars, one for each state. New stars have since been added whenever a new state joins the union, but the idea of adding stripes for new states was soon dropped, so the American flag to this day has thirteen horizontal stripes: six white ones and seven red ones. But the number thirteen always became a number related to the country's symbols. The Great Seal is one perfect example, as there have been thirteen:
  • Stripes on the Seal's emblem
  • Leaves on the olive branch (as well as thirteen olives)
  • Arrows in the other grip
  • Characters making up the dictum, E Pluribus Unum
  • Characters making up the dictum, "Annuit cœptis"
  • Breast coverts on the bird
  • Layers of bricks in the truncated pyramid
• The number of guns in a gun salute to U.S. Army, Air Force and Marine Corps Major Generals, and Navy and Coast Guard Rear Admirals Upper Half.
• The number of steps in the gallows.
• Thirteen is the nickname for New York, NY Area PBS affiliate WNET-TV.
• The number of loaves in a "baker's dozen"
• Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon with the 13th Legion, marking the beginning of Caesar's civil war and the eventual death of the Roman Republic.
• Trece is the Spanish word for thirteen; the number 13 is used to identify members of 13th Sureños – chicano gang members in the U.S. that identify themselves with la Eme – the Mexican Mafia.
• 13 steps is a paragraph of the Final Document (agreed by consensus) of the 2000 Review Conference of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
• Apollo 13 was the only unsuccessful mission by the United States of America intended to land humans on the moon. The mission launched on April 11, 1970 at 13:13 CST. The explosion of an oxygen tank on April 13, 1970 caused severe problems before the astronauts were able to return to Earth.
• The main character in the manga Black Cat, Train Heartnet, has the Roman numeral thirteen on his chest.
• In the manga Bleach, Soul Reapers use the number thirteen in their main military branch, "the thirteen court guard squads."
• In the video game series "Kingdom Hearts", one of the main antagonist groups was called "Organization 13" (also spelled Organization XIII), even though at one point it had 14 members and only started with six.
• Jason Robert Brown's most recent Broadway musical, Thirteen (13), stars a cast of 13 teenagers.
• Thirteen, stylised as Th13teen, is a steel roller-coaster at Alton Towers theme park in England. The name is a play on superstition around the number, as the ride contains a surprise element, unique from any other coaster in the world.
• Thirteen is the name of a custom and cruiser motorcycle magazine that is published in New Zealand. The name Thirteen refers to the letter "M", as it is the 13th letter in alphabet.
• Gal13ry (The Gallery 13) is a fine art photography gallery in Asbury Park, NJ
• Number 13 is a song by the Pixies on their album Doolittle (1989)
• The number 13 is TSE (Supreme Electoral Court) Identification Number of the Workers' Party (Portuguese: Partido dos Trabalhadores), a socialist political party in Brazil.
• There are 13 kinds of love triangles (once discarded all information about the sex of the people involved).