1530s

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	15th century – 16th century – 17th century
Decades:	1500s 1510s 1520s – 1530s – 1540s 1550s 1560s
Years:	1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539
Categories:	Births – Deaths – Architecture Establishments – Disestablishments

1530s: events by year

Contents: 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539

January–June

• June 25 – The Augsburg Confession is presented to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.

July–December

• August 3 – Battle of Gavinana: Florence is captured by Spanish troops under Prince Philibert. The Piagnon (followers of the memory of Girolamo Savonarola) are overthrown and the Medici are restored, in the person of the Pope's nephew Alessandro de Medici.
• October 8 – A flood engulfs Rome.
• November 5 – St. Felix's Flood destroys the city of Reimerswaal in the Netherlands.

Date unknown

• Charles V crowned by the Pope in Bologna.
• The Knights of Malta are formed when the Knights Hospitaller are given Malta by Pope Clement VII.
• The ducal palace of Celle is constructed in Germany.
• Martin Afonso de Souza's expedition patrols the Brazilian coast, banishes the French, and creates the first colonial towns: São Vicente and São Paulo.
• Austrian forces capture Esztergom, Hungary, and raid as far as Buda.
• Humayun starts to rule.
• Paracelsus leaves Nürnberg.
• Erasmus publishes A handbook on manners for children (De Civilitate Morum Puerilium Libellus), which becomes popular and widely translated.

January–June

• April – Battle of Quipaipan in Peru: Atahualpa wins the civil war in the Inca Empire, defeating his brother Huáscar.
• May 13 – Francisco Pizarro lands on the northern coast of Peru.
• May 16 – Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor of England.
• June 25 – Suleiman the Magnificent leads another invasion of Hungary, which fails miserably.

July–December

• August 13 – Union of Brittany and France: The Duchy of Brittany is absorbed into the Kingdom of France.
• September 1 – Lady Anne Boleyn is created Marquess of Pembroke by her fiancé, King Henry VIII of England.
• November 16 – Francisco Pizarro and his men capture Inca Atahualpa at Cajamarca, ambushing and slaughtering a large number of his followers without loss to themselves. He subsequently offers a ransom of approx. $100 million in gold.

Date unknown

• The Prince is published five years after death of the author Niccolò Machiavelli.
• Pantagruel is published by François Rabelais.
• Henry VIII of England grants the Thorne brothers a Royal Charter to found Bristol Grammar School.
• Stamford School founded by William Radcliffe
• The Paris Parlement has the city's beggars arrested 'to force them to work in the sewers, chained together in pairs'.

January–June

• January 25 – King Henry VIII of England marries Anne Boleyn, who becomes his second queen consort.
• 26 January - Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden appinted Lord Chancellor of England
• March 30 – Thomas Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterbury.
• May 23 – King Henry VIII of England's marriage with Catherine of Aragon is declared annulled by Archbishop Cranmer. Since Pope Clement VII had already rejected Henry's petition for annulment in 1530, Catherine continues to believe herself Henry's wife until her death.
• June 1 – Cranmer crowns Anne Boleyn as queen in Westminster Abbey.

July–December

• July 11 – Henry VIII is excommunicated by Pope Clement VII, as is Archbishop Cranmer.
• July 22 – Treaty of Constantinople between the Ottoman Empire and the Archduchy of Austria: Ferdinand I, King of the Romans, withdraws his claims to most of Hungary and János Szapolyai, voivode of Transylvania, becomes King of Hungary under the suzerainty of Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
• July 26 – Inca Atahualpa is executed by garotte at the orders of Francisco Pizarro in Cajamarca.
• September 7 – Anne Boleyn gives birth to Princess Elizabeth I, the future Elizabeth I of England.
• November 15 – Francisco Pizarro arrives in Cuzco, Peru.
• December 3 – Ivan IV succeeds his father Vasili III as Grand Prince of Muscovy at three years old.
• December – Hernando de Grijalva and his crew discover the uninhabited Revillagigedo Islands off the Pacific coast of Mexico
  • December 21 (Feast of St Thomas the Apostle) – They discover Isla Santo Tomé, probably Socorro Island.
  • December 28 – They discover Isla de los Inocentes, probably San Benedicto Island.

Date unknown

• The Statute in Restraint of Appeals declares the king to be the supreme sovereign in England and forbids judicial appeals to the papacy.
• Paracelsus interprets the Bible in Appenzell.
• Pechenga Monastery is founded in the far north of Russia.
• 1533–1534 – Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent makes the Ruthenian harem girl Roxelana his legal wife.

January–June

• January 15 – Parliament of England passes the Act Respecting the Oath to the Succession recognising the marriage of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, and their children as the legitimate heirs to the throne.
• February 27 – A group of Anabaptists, led by Jan Matthys, seize Münster in Westphalia and declare it "The New Jerusalem", begin to exile dissenters and forcibly baptize all others.
• April 5 (Easter Sunday) – Anabaptist Jan Matthys is killed by the Landsknechte, who lay siege to Münster on the day he predicted as The Second Coming of Christ. His follower John of Leiden takes control of the city.
• May 10 – Jacques Cartier explores Newfoundland while searching for the Northwest Passage.
• June 9 – Jacques Cartier is the first European to discover the St. Lawrence River.
• June 23 – Copenhagen opens its gates to Count Christopher of Oldenburg leading the army of Lübeck (and the Hanseatic League), nominally in the interests of the deposed King Christian II of Denmark. The surrenders of Copenhagen and, a few days later, of Malmö represent the high point of the Count's War for the forces of the League. These victories presumably lead the Danish nobility to recognize Christian III as King on July 4.

July–December

• July 4 – Election of Christian III as King of Denmark and Norway in the town of Rye.
• July 7 – The first known exchange occurs between Europeans and natives of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in New Brunswick.
• October 13 – Pope Paul III succeeds Pope Clement VII as the 220th pope.
• October 18 – Huguenots post placards all over France attacking the Catholic Mass, provoking a violent sectarian reaction.
• November 3 –December 18 – The English Reformation Parliament passes the Act of Supremacy establishing Henry VIII as supreme head of the Church of England.
• December 6 – Over 200 Spanish settlers led by conquistador Sebastián de Belalcázar found what is now Quito, Ecuador.

Date unknown

• Act for the Submission of the Clergy confirmed by the Parliament of England, requiring churchmen to submit to the king and forbidding the publication of ecclesiastical laws without royal permission.
• Cambridge University Press is given a Royal Charter by Henry VIII of England and becomes the first of the privileged presses.
• Gargantua is published by François Rabelais.
• Martin Luther's translation of the complete Christian Bible into German appears. He had published the New Testament in 1522.
• First book printed in Yiddish (in Kraków), Mirkevet ha-Mishneh, a Tanakh concordance by rabbi Asher Anchel, translating difficult phrases in biblical Hebrew.

January–June

• January 18 – Lima, Peru, is founded by Francisco Pizarro.
• February 27 – George Joye publishes his Apologye in Antwerp to clear his name from the accusations of William Tyndale
• March 10 – Fray Tomás de Berlanga discovers the Galápagos Islands when blown off course en route to Peru.
• April – Jacques Cartier lands near the Iroquois city of Stadacona, Canada (now Quebec) and, in May, the even greater Huron city of Hochelaga.
• April–May – William Tyndale is arrested in Antwerp and imprisoned in Vilvoorde.
• May 10 – Amsterdam: A small troop of Anabaptists, led by the minister Jacob van Geel, attacks the city hall in an attempted coup to seize the city. In the counter-attack by the city's militia, the burgemeester, Pieter Colijns, is killed by the rebels.
• May 19 – French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail for his second voyage to North America with three ships, 110 men, and Chief Donnacona's two sons (taken by Cartier during his first voyage).
• June 22 – Execution of John Fisher, Cardinal and Bishop of Rochester, by order of King Henry VIII of England.
• June 24 – Münster Rebellion: The Anabaptist state of Münster is conquered and disbanded.

July–December

• July 6 – Sir Thomas More, author of Utopia and one time Lord Chancellor of England, is executed for treason by King Henry VIII, after refusing to agree to Henry's decision to separate the English Church from the Roman Catholic Church.
• October 2 – Jacques Cartier reaches the area (island) in the St. Lawrence River that eventually becomes Montreal, Quebec.
• October 4 – The first complete English-language Bible is printed in Antwerp, with translations by William Tyndale and Miles Coverdale.

Date unknown

• Combined Swedish and Danish fleets defeat the Hanseatic navy.
• Manco II is appointed puppet Inca Emperor by Spanish Conquistadors.
• Spanish forces fail for the second time to conquer Yucatan.
• Carlos Quinto conquers Tunis.
• Anabaptists rebel in some cities in the Netherlands, including a famous incident of seven men and five woman walking nude in the streets of Amsterdam.
• The first book in Estonian – Wanradt's and Koell's Catechism, is written.
• St. Alphege Church is completed in Solihull, England.
• The Charterhouse London is closed, as part of Henry VIII's Dissolution of the Monasteries.
• Paracelsus visits Bad Pfäfers.

January–June

• January 7 – Catherine of Aragon, First Queen of Henry VIII of England, dies.
• February 2 – Spaniard Pedro de Mendoza founds Buenos Aires, Argentina.
• February 25 – Jacob Hutter is burned at the stake for heresy.
• April 30 – The Inquisition is implemented in Portugal.
• May 2 – Anne Boleyn, Second Queen of Henry VIII of England, is arrested on the grounds of incest, adultery, and treason.
• May 17 – The five men accused of adultery with Anne Boleyn, including her own brother George Boleyn, are executed.
• May 19 – Anne Boleyn, Queen Consort of Henry VIII of England is executed in the Tower of London.
• May 30 – Henry VIII of England marries Jane Seymour.
• May – Manco Inca Yupanqui leads a revolt against the Spanish, and then leads his people to Machu Picchu, deep in the Valcahambra range of the Andes.
• June 24 – Cristobal de Onate founds San Juan Bautista del Teul.
• June 27 – San Pedro Sula is founded by Pedro de Alvarado.

July–December

• October 13 – The Pilgrimage of Grace, a rebellion in York, is "resolved" by Robert Aske.

Date unknown

• War resumes between Francis I of France and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Francis ceases control of Savoy and captures Turin. Charles triumphally enters Rome following the Via Triuphalis and delivers a speech before the pope and college of cardinals publicly challenging the king of France to a duel.
• Battle of Un no Kuchi: Takeda Family forces defeat Hiraga Genshin.
• Various religious buildings are closed as part of Henry VIII of England's dissolution of the monasteries, including
  • Basingwerk Abbey
  • Bourne Abbey
  • Brinkburn Priory
  • Buildwas Abbey
  • Cartmel Priory
  • Dore Abbey
  • Haltemprice Priory
  • Tintern Abbey
• The legal and political union of Wales with England is reinforced by An Acte for Lawes & Justice to be ministred in Wales in like fourme as it is in this Realme.
• Reformation in Denmark: Protestantism is introduced in Denmark and Norway by King Christian III.
• Publication of John Calvin's Institutio Christianæ religionis, a seminal work of Protestant systematic theology.
• Battle of Reynogüelén: First battle between Spanish conquistadors and Mapuches in Chile; start of the Arauco War.
• The Portuguese crown divides Brazil into fifteen donatory captaincies.
• Trade compact exempts French merchants from Ottoman law and allows them to travel, buy and sell throughout the sultan's dominions and to pay low customs duties on French imports and exports. The compact is renewed in 1569.

January–June

• January – Bigod's Rebellion, an uprising by Roman Catholics against Henry VIII of England
• January 6 – Alessandro de Medici is assassinated.
• March – Diego de Almagro successfully charges Manco Inca's siege of Cuzco, thereby saving his antagonists, the Pizarro brothers.
• March 12 – Recife is founded by the Portuguese in Brazil.
• June 2 – Pope Paul III publishes the encyclical Sublimis Deus, which declares the natives of the New World to be rational beings with souls who must not be enslaved or robbed.

July–December

• August 15 – Asunción is founded by Juan de Salazar y Espinoza. It's the oldest city in South America.
• August 25 – The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, is formed.

Date unknown

• Manco II establishes neo-Inca independent state at Vilacampa, Peru.
• The Spaniards bring the potato to Europe.
• The island of Paros is conquered by the Ottoman Empire
• Religious buildings are dissolved by Henry VIII, including
  • Bisham Priory,
  • Bridlington Priory,
  • Castle Acre Priory, and
  • Valle Crucis Abbey.
• Bisham Abbey is founded by Henry VIII in place of Bisham Priory.
• Bangalore is first mentioned.

January–June

• February 24 – Treaty of Nagyvárad: Peace is declared between King Ferdinand and the Turks. John Zapolya is recognized as King of Hungary (Eastern Hungarian Kingdom), while Ferdinand retains the northern and western parts of the Kingdom, and is recognized as heir to the throne.

• April 26 – Battle of Las Salinas: Almagro is defeated by Francisco Pizarro, who then seizes Cuzco.
• June 18 – Truce of Nice: Peace is declared between Emperor Charles V and Francis I of France.

July–December

• August 6 – Bogotá, Colombia is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.
• September 28 – Battle of Preveza: The Turkish fleet of Suleiman the Magnificent under the command of Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha defeats the Holy League of Emperor Charles V under the command of Andrea Doria.
• October 28 – The first university of the New World, the Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino, is founded.
• November 30
  • Sucre, Bolivia is founded under the name Ciudad de la Plata de la Nueva Toledo.
  • Byland Abbey is dissolved.

Date unknown

• Michelangelo starts work on the Piazza del Campidoglio (Capitoline Hill).
• Bisham Abbey is dissolved.
• The first in a decade-long series of severe famines and epidemics sweep central and southeastern China during the Ming Dynasty, made worse by a previous decision in 1527 to cut back on the intake of grain quotas for granaries.
• During the Ming Dynasty of China, a tsunami floods over the seawall in Haiyan County of Zhejiang province, inundating the agricultural crop fields with saltwater and ruining many acres of crops. This drives up the price of foodstuffs and many are forced to live off of tree bark and weeds (as one Wang Wenlu stated in his writing of 1545).
• Paracelsus visits Villach.

January–June

• January – Battle of Naungyo, Burma
• January 12 – Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (and Charles I of Spain) and Francis I of France sign the Treaty of Toledo, agreeing to make no further alliances with England. The treaty comes after Henry VIII of England splits with Rome and Pope Paul III.
• March – Canterbury Cathedral surrenders, and reverts to its previous status of 'a college of secular canons'.
• May 30 – In Florida, Hernando de Soto lands at Tampa Bay with 600 soldiers with the goal to find gold. He also introduces pigs into North America.
• May – The Six Articles, an Act of the Parliament of England, reaffirms certain Catholic principles in Henry VIII's Church of England.

July–December

• September 4 – Henry VIII contracts to marry Anne of Cleves.
• September 7 – Guru Angad Dev becomes the second Guru of the Sikhs.

Date unknown

• Protestant Reformation: Lutheranism is forcibly introduced into Iceland, despite the opposition of Bishop Jón Arason.
• Beaulieu Abbey, Bolton Abbey, Colchester Abbey, St Albans Abbey, the Priory of St Mary, Nottinghamshire, (Newstead Abbey) and St Mary's Abbey, York, fall prey to the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
• In Henan province, China, a severe drought with swarms of locusts is made worse by a major epidemic outbreak of the plague.
• King Francis I of France issues an ordinance that places the whole of France under the jurisdiction of the royal law courts and makes French the language of those courts.
• Horse racing begins at Chester