1561
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This article is about the year 1561.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 15th century – 16th century – 17th century |
| Decades: | 1530s 1540s 1550s – 1560s – 1570s 1580s 1590s |
| Years: | 1558 1559 1560 – 1561 – 1562 1563 1564 |
| 1561 by topic | |
| Arts and science | |
| Architecture - Art - Literature - Music - Science | |
| Lists of leaders | |
| Colonial governors - State leaders | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births - Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments - Disestablishments | |
| Works category | |
| Works | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1561 MDLXI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2314 |
| Armenian calendar | 1010 ԹՎ ՌԺ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6311 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -283–-282 |
| Bengali calendar | 968 |
| Berber calendar | 2511 |
| English Regnal year | 3 Eliz. 1 – 4 Eliz. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2105 |
| Burmese calendar | 923 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7069–7070 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚申年十二月十六日 (4197/4257-12-16) — to —
辛酉年十一月廿五日(4198/4258-11-25) |
| Coptic calendar | 1277–1278 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1553–1554 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5321–5322 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1617–1618 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1483–1484 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4662–4663 |
| Holocene calendar | 11561 |
| Iranian calendar | 939–940 |
| Islamic calendar | 968–969 |
| Japanese calendar | Eiroku 4 (永禄4年) |
| Korean calendar | 3894 |
| Minguo calendar | 351 before ROC 民前351年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2104 |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1561 |
Year 1561 (MDLXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
[edit] Events
[edit] January–June
- January 31 – The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots.
- March 1 – Kingston Grammar School is founded.
- April 4 – The citizens of Nuremberg see what appears to be an aerial battle followed by the appearance of a large black triangular object and a large crash (with smoke) outside the city. A news notice (early form of newspaper) was printed 10 days later (April 14) describing the event.[1]
- May 8 – Madrid is declared the capital of Spain by Philip II.
- June 4 – St. Paul's Cathedral in London is badly damaged by fire and the spire is destroyed after being struck by lightning. The spire is not rebuilt.
- June 6 – Sweden conquers Livonia (modern Estonia).
- June 29 – Erik XIV is crowned King of Sweden.
[edit] July–December
- July – Killing of the hated encomendero Pedro de Avendaño and two other Spaniards triggered the Second Great Rebellion of the Mapuche in the Arauco War.
- July 12 – Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow (started in 1534) is finished.
- August 19 – Mary, Queen of Scots, is denied passage through England after returning from France. She arrives at Leith, Scotland on August 19.
- September – The Protestant reformer John Knox has a three-day debate in Maybole, Ayrshire, Scotland with Quintin Kennedy, commendator of Crossraguel Abbey, on transubstantiation. The result was inconclusive but Kennedy was fighting a losing battle against the Reformation, which had been confirmed by the Scottish government in 1560.
- October 18 – Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima: Takeda Shingen defeats Uesugi Kenshin in the climax of their ongoing conflicts.
[edit] Date unknown
- The first Calvinists settle in England after fleeing Flanders.
- Ruy López develops modern techniques of chess playing in Spain.
- Between 1561 and 1670 3,229 witches are executed in southwestern Germany, most by burning.
[edit] Births
- January 6 – Thomas Fincke, Danish mathematician and physicist (d. 1656)
- January 22 – Sir Francis Bacon, English philosopher, scientist, and statesman (d. 1626)
- June – Samuel Harsnett, Archbishop of York (d. 1631)
- July 11 – Luís de Góngora y Argote, Spanish poet (d. 1627)
- July 17 – Jacopo Corsi, Italian composer (d. 1602)
- August 4 – John Harington, courtier, inventor and writer (d. 1612)
- August 20 – Jacopo Peri, Italian composer (d. 1633)
- August 24 – Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk (d. 1626)
- August 25 – Philippe van Lansberge, Dutch astronomer (d. 1632)
- September 10 – Hernando Arias de Saavedra, Spanish colonial governor (d. 1634)
- September 29 – Adriaan van Roomen, Belgian mathematician (d. 1615)
- October 27 – Mary Sidney, English writer, patroness and translator (d. 1621)
- December 7 – Kikkawa Hiroie, Japanese politician (d. 1625)
- December 9 – Edwin Sandys, English founder of the colony of Virginia (d. 1629)
- date unknown – Stephen Bachiler, non-conformist minister and pioneer settler of New England (d. 1656)
[edit] Deaths
- January 31
- Menno Simons, Anabaptist religious leader and Mennonite founder (b. 1496)
- Bairam Khan, Turkoman noble and poet (assassinated)
- February 26 – Jorge de Montemayor, Spanish writer (b. 1520)
- March 25 – Conrad Lycosthenes, humanist and encyclopedist (b. 1518)
- May 16 – Jan Tarnowski, Polish nobleman (b. 1488)
- June 6 – Ridolfo Ghirlandaio, painter (b. 1483)
- July 19 – Henry Lauder, Lord St Germains, Lord Advocate of Scotland
- September 1 – Edward Waldegrave, English policitian and recusant
- October 27 – Lope de Aguirre, Basque rebel and conquistador (b. 1510)
- November 11 – Hans Tausen, Danish reformer (b. 1494)
- date unknown
- Claude Garamond, French publisher (b. 1480)
- Ijuin Tadaaki, Japanese nobleman (b. 1520)
- probable – Luis de Milán, Spanish composer (b. 1500)
