1561
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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 15th century – 16th century – 17th century |
| Decades: | 1530s 1540s 1550s – 1560s – 1570s 1580s 1590s |
| Years: | 1558 1559 1560 – 1561 – 1562 1563 1564 |
| 1561 in topic: |
| Subjects: Archaeology – Architecture – Art – |
| Literature – Music – Poetry – Science |
| Leaders: State leaders – Colonial governors |
| Category: Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Births – Deaths – Works |
Year 1561 (MDLXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Contents |
[edit] Events of 1561
- June 4 – St. Paul's Cathedral in London is badly damaged by fire and the spire is destroyed after being struck by lightning.
- July – Killing of the hated encomendero Pedro de Avendaño and two other Spaniards triggered the Second Great Rebellion of the Mapuche in the Arauco War.
- August 19 – Mary, Queen of Scots is denied passage through England after returning from France. She arrives at Leith, Scotland on August 19.
- September – The Protestant reformer, John Knox has a three-day debate in Maybole, Ayrshire, Scotland with Quintin Kennedy, commendator of Crossraguel Abbey, on transubstantiation. The result was inconclusive but Kennedy was fighting a losing battle against the tide of the Reformation which had been confirmed by the Scottish government in 1560.
- October 18 – Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima: Takeda Shingen defeats Uesugi Kenshin in the climax of their ongoing conflicts.
[edit] Undated
- The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots.
- Kingston Grammar School is founded.
- The first Calvinists settle in England after fleeing Flanders.
- Madrid is declared the capital of Spain by Philip II.
- Ruy López develops modern techniques of chess playing in Spain.
- Sweden conquers Livonia (modern Estonia).
- Michelangelo Buonarroti finishes Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri in Rome.
- Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow (started in 1534) is finished.
- Pensacola, the first European settlement in North America, and its support fleet are both destroyed by a hurricane. Two survivors manage to walk the long, arduous journey to Mexico City. The city is not re-settled until 1698.
- Between 1561 and 1670 3,229 witches are executed in southwestern Germany, most by burning.
[edit] Births
| Gregorian calendar | 1561 MDLXI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2314 |
| Armenian calendar | 1010 ԹՎ ՌԺ |
| Bahá'í calendar | -283 – -282 |
| Berber calendar | 2511 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2105 |
| Burmese calendar | 923 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7069 – 7070 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚申年十二月十六日 (4197/4257-12-16) — to —
辛酉年十一月廿五日(4198/4258-11-25) |
| Coptic calendar | 1277 – 1278 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1553 – 1554 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5321 – 5322 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1616 – 1617 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1483 – 1484 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4662 – 4663 |
| Holocene calendar | 11561 |
| Iranian calendar | 939 – 940 |
| Islamic calendar | 968 – 969 |
| Japanese calendar | Eiroku 4 (永禄4年) |
| Korean calendar | 3894 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2104 |
- January 6 – Thomas Fincke, Danish mathematician and physicist (d. 1656)
- January 22 – Sir Francis Bacon, English philosopher, scientist, and statesman (d. 1626)
- June – Samuel Harsnett, Archbishop of York (d. 1631)
- July 11 – Luís de Góngora y Argote, Spanish poet (d. 1627)
- July 17 – Jacopo Corsi, Italian composer (d. 1602)
- August 4 – John Harington, courtier, inventor and writer (d. 1612)
- August 20 – Jacopo Peri, Italian composer (d. 1633)
- August 24 – Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk (d. 1626)
- August 25 – Philippe van Lansberge, Dutch astronomer (d. 1632)
- September 10 – Hernando Arias de Saavedra, Spanish colonial governor (d. 1634)
- September 29 – Adriaan van Roomen, Belgian mathematician (d. 1615)
- October 27 – Mary Sidney, English writer, patroness and translator (d. 1621)
- December 7 – Kikkawa Hiroie, Japanese politician (d. 1625)
- December 9 – Edwin Sandys, English founder of the colony of Virginia (d. 1629)
- date unknown – Stephen Bachiler, non-conformist minister and pioneer settler of New England (d. 1656)
[edit] Deaths
- January 31
- Menno Simons, Anabaptist religious leader and Mennonite founder (b. 1496)
- Bairam Khan, Turcoman noble and poet (assassinated)
- February 26 – Jorge de Montemayor, Spanish writer (b. 1520)
- March 25 – Conrad Lycosthenes, humanist and encyclopedist (b. 1518)
- May 16 – Jan Tarnowski, Polish nobleman (b. 1488)
- June 6 – Ridolfo Ghirlandaio, painter (b. 1483)
- July 19 – Henry Lauder, Lord St Germains, Lord Advocate of Scotland
- September 1 – Edward Waldegrave, English policitian and recusant
- October 27 – Lope de Aguirre, Basque rebel and conquistador (b. 1510)
- November 11 – Hans Tausen, Danish reformer (b. 1494)
- date unknown
- Claude Garamond, French publisher (b. 1480)
- Ijuin Tadaaki, Japanese nobleman (b. 1520)
- probable – Luis de Milán, Spanish composer (b. 1500)