1640 in science

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The year 1640 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Botany

• John Parkinson publishes Theatrum Botanicum:The Theater of Plants, or, An Herbal of a Large Extent.

Exploration

• The Cape Verde Island of Sal is discovered, originally named "Llana" (meaning "flat").

Mathematics

• The 16-year old Blaise Pascal demonstrates the properties of the hexagrammum mysticum in his Essai pour les coniques which he sends to Mersenne.
• October 18 - Fermat states his "little theorem" in a letter to Frénicle de Bessy: if p is a prime number, then for any integer a, a ^p − a will be evenly divisible by p.
• December 25 - Fermat claims a proof of the theorem on sums of two squares in a letter to Mersenne ("Fermat's Christmas Theorem"): an odd prime p is expressible as the sum of two squares.

Technology

• The micrometer is developed.
• A form of bayonet is invented; in later years it will gradually replace the pike.
• The reticle telescope is developed and initiates the birth of sharpshooting.

Births

• April 1 - Georg Mohr, Danish mathematician (d. 1697)
• December 13 (bapt.) - Robert Plot, English naturalist and chemist (d. 1696)

Deaths

• December 22 - Jean de Beaugrand, French mathematician (b. c.1584)