1688

This article is about the year 1688.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	16th century – 17th century – 18th century
Decades:	1650s  1660s  1670s  – 1680s –  1690s  1700s  1710s
Years:	1685 1686 1687 – 1688 – 1689 1690 1691

1688 by topic:

Arts and Science

Architecture - Art - Literature - Music - Science

Lists of leaders

Colonial governors - State leaders

Birth and death categories

Births - Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments - Disestablishments

Works category

Works

1688 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1688 MDCLXXXVIII
Ab urbe condita	2441
Armenian calendar	1137 ԹՎ ՌՃԼԷ
Assyrian calendar	6438
Bahá'í calendar	-156–-155
Bengali calendar	1095
Berber calendar	2638
English Regnal year	3 Ja. 2 – 1 Will. & Mar.
Buddhist calendar	2232
Burmese calendar	1050
Byzantine calendar	7196–7197
Chinese calendar	丁卯年十一月廿八日 (4324/4384-11-28) — to — 戊辰年十二月初九日 (4325/4385-12-9)
Coptic calendar	1404–1405
Ethiopian calendar	1680–1681
Hebrew calendar	5448–5449
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1744–1745
- Shaka Samvat	1610–1611
- Kali Yuga	4789–4790
Holocene calendar	11688
Iranian calendar	1066–1067
Islamic calendar	1099–1100
Japanese calendar	Jōkyō 5Genroku 1 (元禄元年)
Korean calendar	4021
Minguo calendar	224 before ROC 民前224年
Thai solar calendar	2231

Year 1688 (MDCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar.

Events

January–June

• March – William Dampier makes the first recorded visit to Christmas Island.
• Spring – James VII and II orders his Declaration of Indulgence, suspending penal laws against Catholics, to be read from every Anglican pulpit in England. The Church of England and its staunchest supporters, the peers and gentry, are outraged.
• April 18 (Julian calendar) – The Germantown Quaker Protest Against Slavery is drafted by 4 Germantown Quakers.
• April 29 – Death of Friedrich Wilhelm, the "Great Elector" of Brandenburg-Prussia. Friedrich III becomes Elector of Brandenburg-Prussia until 1701, when he becomes the first King of Prussia as Friedrich I.
• June 10 – The birth of King James' heir, James Francis Edward Stuart (1688–1766; later to become known as the "Old Pretender") increases public disquiet about a Catholic dynasty. The fears are confirmed when the baby is baptised into the Catholic faith.
• June 30 – A high-powered conspiracy of notables (the Immortal Seven) invite Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange and Princess Mary to "defend the liberties of England" and depose King James VII and II.

July–December

• July – Phetracha stages a coup d'état and becomes king of Ayutthaya.
• October 27 – King James II of England fires minister Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland.
• November 1 – William III of Orange sets sail a second time from Hellevoetsluis in the Netherlands to take over England, Scotland and Ireland from King James II of England before the Glorious Revolution.
• November 5 – The Glorious Revolution begins: William of Orange lands at Torbay with a multinational force of 15,000 mercenaries. He makes no claim to the English Crown, saying only that he has come to save Protestantism and to maintain English liberty, and begins a march on London.
• November 9 – William of Orange captures Exeter after the magistrates flee the city.
• November 23 – A group of 1,500 Old Believers immolate themselves to avoid capture when troops of the tsar lay siege to their monastery on Lake Onega.
• November 26 – Hearing that William of Orange has landed in England, Louis XIV declares war on the Netherlands. Perhaps revealingly, he does not attack the Netherlands but instead strikes at the heart of the Holy Roman Empire with about 100,000 soldiers. The Nine Years' War begins in Europe and America.
• December 11 – Having led his army to Salisbury and been deserted by his troops, James VII and II is forced to flee to France. The Glorious Revolution puts William III and Mary II on the throne as joint monarchs.

Date unknown

• Edward Lloyd opens the London coffee house that soon becomes a popular meeting place for shipowners, merchants, insurance brokers and underwriters. In time the business association they form will outgrow the coffee house premises and become Lloyd's of London.
• Fall of Belgrade to the Austrians as the Ottoman Empire continues to lose ground in Europe.
• Francesco Morosini becomes Doge of Venice.
• Fire destroys Bungay in England.
• The Ottoman Turks besiege Vienna.
• Neuruppin becomes a Prussian garrison town.
• Antonio Verrio begins work on the Heaven Room at Burghley House.
• Janez Vajkard Valvasor becomes a member of the Royal Society.
• The Austrians incite a rebellion against the Ottomans in Bulgaria.

Births

• January 18 – Lionel Cranfield Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d. 1765)
• February 2 – Queen Ulrike Eleonora of Sweden (d. 1741)
• February 4 – Pierre de Marivaux, French playwright (d. 1763)
• February 8 – Emanuel Swedenborg Swedish scientist, philosopher, and theologian (d. 1772)
• March – William Burnet, British colonial administrator (d. 1729)
• April 4 – Joseph-Nicolas Delisle, French astronomer (d. 1768)
• April 15 – Johann Friedrich Fasch, German composer (d. 1758)
• May 22 – Alexander Pope, English poet (d. 1744)
• June 10 – James Francis Edward Stuart, The Old Pretender (d. 1766)
• July 19 – Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (d. 1766)
• August 14 – King Frederick William I of Prussia (d. 1740)
• September 12 – Ferdinand Brokoff, Czech sculptor (d. 1731)
• October 17 – Domenico Zipoli, Italian composer (d. 1726)
• October 22 – Nadir Shah of Persia (d. 1747)
• date unknown – Charles Rivington, English publisher (d. 1742)

Deaths

• January 7 – James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk
• January 28 – Ferdinand Verbiest, Flemish Jesuit missionary in China (b. 1623)
• February 2 – Abraham Duquesne, French naval officer (b. 1610)
• April 29 – Friedrich Wilhelm I of Brandenburg (b. 1620)
• May 14 – Antoine Furetière, French writer (b. 1619)
• June 5 – Constantine Phaulkon, Greek adventurer (b. 1667)
• June 26 – Ralph Cudworth, English philosopher (b. 1617)
• July 11 – Narai of Thailand (b. 1639)
• July 21 – James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, Irish statesman (b. 1610)
• August 25 – Henry Morgan, Welsh privateer and Governor of Jamaica (b. c. 1635)
• August 31 – John Bunyan, English writer (b. 1628)
• September 2 – Robert Viner, Lord Mayor of London (b. 1631)
• October 6 – Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, English statesman (b. 1653)
• October 23 – Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange, French philologist (b. 1610)
• November 26 – Philippe Quinault, French dramatist (b. 1635)
• December 15 – Gaspar Fagel, Dutch statesman (b. 1634)
• December 15 – Louis Victor de Rochechouart de Mortemart, French military man, brother of Madame de Montespan (b. 1636)