16 Cygni Bb
| Extrasolar planet | List of extrasolar planets | |
|---|---|---|
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| Parent star | ||
| Star | 16 Cygni B | |
| Constellation | Cygnus | |
| Right ascension | (α) | 19h 41m 51.9720s |
| Declination | (δ) | +50° 31′ 03.083″ |
| Distance | 70.5 ly (21.6 pc) |
|
| Spectral type | G2.5Vb | |
| Mass | (m) | 0.97 M☉ |
| Radius | (r) | 1.2 R☉ |
| Temperature | (T) | 5752 ± 3.5[1] K |
| Metallicity | [Fe/H] | 0.09 |
| Age | 9.9 Gyr | |
| Orbital elements | ||
| Semimajor axis | (a) | 1.681 ± 0.097 AU |
| Eccentricity | (e) | 0.681 ± 0.017 |
| Orbital period | (P) | 798.5 ± 1.0 d |
| Argument of periastron |
(ω) | 85.8 ± 2.4° |
| Time of periastron | (T0) | 2,446,549.1 ± 6.6 JD |
| Semi-amplitude | (K) | 50.5 ± 1.6 m/s |
| Physical characteristics | ||
| Mass | (m) | >1.68 ± 0.15 MJ |
| Discovery information | ||
| Discovery date | 22 October 1996 | |
| Discoverer(s) | Cochran et al. | |
| Detection method | Radial velocity | |
| Discovery site |  United States |
|
| Discovery status | Published | |
| Database references | ||
| Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia |
data | |
| SIMBAD | data | |
16 Cygni Bb or 16 Cyg Bb is an extrasolar planet approximately 70 light-years away in the constellation of Cygnus. The planet was discovered orbiting the sun-like star 16 Cygni B, one of two solar-mass components of the triple star system 16 Cygni. It makes one revolution every 799 days and was the first eccentric Jupiter to be discovered.
Contents |
[edit] Discovery
In October 1996 the discovery of a planetary-mass companion to the star 16 Cygni B was announced, with a mass at least 1.68 times that of Jupiter. At the time, it had the highest orbital eccentricity of any known extrasolar planet. The discovery was made by measuring the star's radial velocity. As the inclination of the orbit is unknown, only a lower limit on the mass is known.[2]
[edit] Orbit and mass
Unlike the planets in our solar system, the planet's orbit is highly elliptical, and its distance varies from 0.54 AU at periastron to 2.8 AU at apastron.[3] This high eccentricity may have been caused by tidal interactions in the binary star system, and the planet's orbit may vary chaotically between low and high-eccentricity states over a period of tens of millions of years.[4]
The lower limit for the object's mass is well below the dividing line between planets and brown dwarfs at 13 Jupiter masses. Preliminary astrometric measurements in 2001 suggested the orbit of 16 Cygni Bb may be highly inclined with respect to our line of sight (at around 173°).[5] This would mean the object's mass may be around 14 times that of Jupiter, making it a low-mass brown dwarf. However these measurements were later proved useful only for upper limits;.[6]
[edit] Physical characteristics
Since the planet has only been detected indirectly by measurements of its parent star, properties such as its radius, composition and temperature are unknown.
[edit] Habitable zone
The planet's highly eccentric orbit means the planet would experience extreme seasonal effects. Despite this, simulations suggest that an Earth-like moon would be able to support liquid water at its surface over the course of a year.[7] Due to the eccentric orbit of this massive gas giant, it is unlikely that a habitable planet could survive in this system.[8]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Kovtyukh et al.; Soubiran, C.; Belik, S. I.; Gorlova, N. I. (2003). "High precision effective temperatures for 181 F-K dwarfs from line-depth ratios". Astronomy and Astrophysics 411 (3): 559–564. arXiv:astro-ph/0308429. Bibcode 2003A&A...411..559K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031378. http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full/2003/46/aa3944/aa3944.html.
- ^ BUTLER P. & MARCY G., The Lick Observatory Planet Search in: Astronomical and Biochemical Origins and the Search for Life in the Universe, IAU Colloquium No. 161, Capri 1–5 July 1996, eds. C.B. Cosmovici, S. Bowyer, and D. Werthimer
- ^ Butler et al.; Wright, J. T.; Marcy, G. W.; Fischer, D. A.; Vogt, S. S.; Tinney, C. G.; Jones, H. R. A.; Carter, B. D. et al. (2006). "Catalog of Nearby Exoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal 646 (1): 505–522. arXiv:astro-ph/0607493. Bibcode 2006ApJ...646..505B. doi:10.1086/504701. Archived from the original on 2009-05-02. http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/0004-637X/646/1/505/64046.html. Retrieved 2009-03-11. (web version)
- ^ Holman, M. et al. (1997). "Chaotic variations in the eccentricity of the planet orbiting 16 Cygni B". Nature 386 (6622): 254–256. Bibcode 1997Natur.386..254H. doi:10.1038/386254a0. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v386/n6622/abs/386254a0.html.
- ^ Han et al.; Black, David C.; Gatewood, George (2001). "Preliminary Astrometric Masses for Proposed Extrasolar Planetary Companions". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 548 (1): L57–L60. Bibcode 2001ApJ...548L..57H. doi:10.1086/318927. Archived from the original on 2009-04-29. http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1538-4357/548/1/L57/005774.html. Retrieved 2009-03-11.
- ^ Pourbaix, D. and Arenou, F. (2001). "Screening the Hipparcos-based astrometric orbits of sub-stellar objects". Astronomy and Astrophysics 372 (3): 935–944. arXiv:astro-ph/0104412. Bibcode 2001A&A...372..935P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010597.
- ^ Williams, D., Pollard, D. (2002). "Earth-like worlds on eccentric orbits: excursions beyond the habitable zone". International Journal of Astrobiology 1 (01): 61–69. Bibcode 2002IJAsB...1...61W. doi:10.1017/S1473550402001064. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=105145.
- ^ Wittenmyer et al.; Endl, Michael; Cochran, William D.; Levison, Harold F. (2007). "Dynamical and Observational Constraints on Additional Planets in Highly Eccentric Planetary Systems". The Astronomical Journal 134 (3): 1276–1284. Bibcode 2007AJ....134.1276W. doi:10.1086/520880. http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1538-3881/134/3/1276/205882.html.
[edit] External links
- Jean Schneider (2011). "Notes for Planet 16 Cyg B b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. http://exoplanet.eu/planet.php?p1=16+Cyg+B&p2=b. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
- "16 Cygni 2?". SolStation. http://www.solstation.com/stars2/16cygni2.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
- "16 Cygni-B". University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The Planet Project. http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/16cyg.html. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
- "16 Cygni B b". Extrasolar Visions. http://www.extrasolar.net/planettour.asp?StarCatId=&PlanetId=14. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
- "16 Cyg B". Exoplanets. Archived from the original on 2009-05-06. http://media4.obspm.fr/exoplanets/base/etoile.php?nom=16+Cyg+B. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
Coordinates: 
19h 41m 51.9720s, +50° 31′ 03.083″
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