1709 in science
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The year 1709 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Contents |
[edit] Meteorology
- January - Great Frost in Western Europe.[1][2]
[edit] Physics
- Francis Hauksbee publishes Physico-Mechanical Experiments on Various Subjects, summarizing the results of his many experiments with electricity and other topics.
[edit] Technology
- January 10 - Industrial Revolution: Abraham Darby I successfully produces cast iron using coke fuel at his Coalbrookdale blast furnace in Shropshire, England.[3][4][5]
- August 8 - Hot air balloon of Bartholome de Gusmão flies in Portugal.
- A collapsible umbrella is introduced in Paris.[6]
[edit] Awards
- April 9 - Sir Godfrey Copley, 2nd Baronet dies and in his will provides funding to the Royal Society for the annual Copley Medal honoring achievement in science (first awarded in 1731).
[edit] Births
- February 24 - Jacques de Vaucanson, French engineer and inventor (died 1782)
- March 3 - Andreas Sigismund Marggraf, German chemist (died 1782)
- March 10 - Georg Steller, German naturalist (died 1746)
- April 17 - Giovanni Domenico Maraldi, French-Italian astronomer (died 1788)
- July 11 - Johan Gottschalk Wallerius, Swedish chemist and mineralogist (died 1785)
- August 8 - Johann Georg Gmelin, German botanist (died 1755)
- December 25 - Julien Offray de La Mettrie, French physician and philosopher (died 1751)
[edit] Deaths
- early - Eleanor Glanville, English entomologist (born c.1654)
- June 29 - Antoine Thomas, Belgian Jesuit astronomer in China (born 1644)
- June 30 - Edward Lhuyd, Welsh naturalist (born 1660)
- October 17 - François Mauriceau, French obstetrician (born 1637)
[edit] References
- ^ Pain, Stephanie (7 February 2009). "1709: the year that Europe froze". New Scientist. http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20126942.100-1709-the-year-that-europe-froze.html?full=true.
- ^ Luterbacher, Jürg; Dietrich, Daniel; Xoplaki, Elena; Grosjean, Martin; Wanner, Heinz (2004). "European Seasonal and Annual Temperature Variability, Trends, and Extremes Since 1500". Science 303 (5663): 1499–1503. doi:10.1126/science.1093877.
- ^ Mott, R. A. (5 January 1957). "The earliest use of coke for ironmaking". The Gas World, coking section supplement 145: 7–18.
- ^ Raistrick, Arthur (1953). Dynasty of Ironfounders: the Darbys and Coalbrookdale. London: Longmans, Green. p. 34.
- ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 292. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ "The History of Umbrellas". Oakthrift Corporation. http://www.oakthriftumbrellas.com/pages/umbrellas4.htm. Retrieved 2011-12-22.
