1774 in science
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The year 1774 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Contents |
[edit] Astronomy
- Johann Elert Bode discovers the galaxy Messier 81.
[edit] Chemistry
- August 1 - Joseph Priestley, working at Bowood House, Wiltshire, England, isolates oxygen in the form of a gas, which he calls "dephlogisticated air".[1]
- Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovers "dephlogisticated muriatic acid" (chlorine), manganese and barium.
[edit] Mathematics
- P.-S. Laplace publishes Mémoire sur la probabilité des causes par les événements, including a restatement of Bayes' theorem.[2]
[edit] Medicine and physiology
- William Hunter's Anatomia uteri humani gravidi tabulis illustrata | The Anatomy of the Human Gravid Uterus exhibited in figures is published by John Baskerville in Birmingham, England.
[edit] Physics
- The Schiehallion experiment is carried out to determine the mean density of the Earth.
[edit] Technology
- John Wilkinson patents a method for boring cannon from the solid, subsequently utilised for accurate boring of steam engine cylinders.[3]
- Jesse Ramsden produces an advanced circular dividing engine with the support of the Board of Longitude.[4][5]
[edit] Awards
- Copley Medal: Not awarded
[edit] Births
- April 21 - Jean-Baptiste Biot (d. 1862), physicist.
- April 24 - Jean Marc Gaspard Itard (d. 1838), otorhinolaryngologist.
- April 28 - Francis Baily (d. 1844), astronomer.
- May 7 - Francis Beaufort (d. 1856), hydrographer.
- May 28 - Edward Howard (d. 1816), chemist.
- August 18 - Meriwether Lewis (d. 1809), explorer.
- September 26 - John Chapman (d. 1845), nurseryman.
- November - Charles Bell (d. 1842), anatomist.
- December 12 - William Henry (d. 1836), chemist.
[edit] Deaths
- February 4 - Charles Marie de La Condamine, French geographer (b. 1701)
- July 9 - Anna Morandi Manzolini, Italian anatomist (b. 1714)
[edit] References
- ^ Priestley, Joseph (1775). "An Account of Further Discoveries in Air". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London) 65: 384–94. JSTOR 106209.
- ^ McGrayne, Sharon Bertsch (2011). The Theory That Would Not Die. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300169690.
- ^ Harris, J. R. (2004). "Wilkinson, John (1728–1808)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/29428. Retrieved 2011-01-14. subscription or UK public library membership required
- ^ Boorstin, Daniel J. (1983). The Discoverers: a history of man's search to know his world and himself. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-40229-4.
- ^ Daumas, Maurice (1953). Les Instruments scientifiques aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
