1778 in science
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The year 1778 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Contents |
[edit] Chemistry
- Molybdenum discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele.
[edit] Earth sciences and exploration
- January 18 - On his third voyage, Captain James Cook, with ships HMS Resolution and HMS Discovery, becomes the first European to view the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean.[1]
- James Rennell publishes a chart and memoir of the Agulhas Current, one of the first contributions to scientific oceanography.[2]
[edit] Medicine
- John Hunter publishes The Natural History of the Human Teeth.
- Samuel-Auguste Tissot begins publication of Traité des nerfs et de leurs maladies, including a classical account of migraine.[3][4]
- Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring describes the organization of the cranial nerves.
[edit] Technology
- Joseph Bramah patents an improved design of flush toilet in London.[5]
- The brothers Hans Ulrich and Johannes Grubenmann complete a bridge across the Limmat at Wettingen in Switzerland, a 60 m span which is the first known use of a true arch in a timber bridge.[6]
[edit] Zoology
- Petrus Camper publishes On the Points of Similarity between the Human Species, Quadrupeds, Birds, and Fish; with Rules for Drawing, founded on this Similarity, an early work of comparative anatomy.
- Johann Christian Fabricius publishes his Philosophia Entomologica in Hamburg.[7]
[edit] Awards
[edit] Births
- February 4 - A. P. de Candolle, Swiss botanist (d. 1841)
- May 18 - Andrew Ure, Scottish industrial chemist and encyclopaedist (d. 1857)
- December 6 - Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French chemist and physicist (d. 1850)
- December 17 - Humphry Davy, English chemist (d. 1829)
- December 25 (bapt.) - Joseph Aspdin, English inventor (d. 1855)
- Maria Dalle Donne, Bolognese physician (d. 1842)
[edit] Deaths
- January 10 - Carolus Linnaeus, Swedish botanist, first to develop standard nomenclature for naming species (b. 1707)
- February 20 - Laura Bassi, Italian scientist (b. 1711)
[edit] References
- ^ Collingridge, Vanessa (2003). Captain Cook: The Life, Death and Legacy of History's Greatest Explorer. London: Ebury Press. ISBN 0091888980.
- ^ Cook, Andrew S. (2004). "Rennell, James (1742–1830)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23369. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/23369. Retrieved 2011-04-05. subscription or UK public library membership required
- ^ Karbowski, K. (April 1986). "Samuel Auguste Tissot: his research on migraine". Journal of Neurology 233 (2): 123–125. ISSN 0340-5354.
- ^ Pearce, J. M. (September 2000). "Samuel-Auguste Tissot (1728-1797) and migraine". Cephalalgia (Norway) 20 (7): 668–70. ISSN 0333-1024. PMID 11128826.
- ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 331–332. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Troyano, Leonardo Fernández (2003). Bridge Engineering: a Global Perspective. London: Thomas Telford Publishing. pp. 158–9. ISBN 0-7277-3215-3. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0u5G8E3uPUAC&pg=PA159&lpg=PA159&dq=Wettingen+bridge+1778&source=bl&ots=op431p5cZZ&sig=ePDiWhHXNFuv400-mQTfZCNAa6c&hl=en#v=onepage&q=Wettingen%20bridge%201778&f=false. Retrieved 2011-08-16.
- ^ Tuxen, S. L. (1967). "The entomologist J. C. Fabricius". Annual Review of Entomology 12: 5. doi:10.1146/annurev.en.12.010167.000245. http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.en.12.010167.000245. Retrieved 2011-11-22. "one of the most important books in entomology of all times"
