1784 in science
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The year 1784 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Contents |
[edit] Biology
- Publication of the Annals of Agriculture edited by Arthur Young begins in Great Britain.
- Peter Simon Pallas begins publication of Flora Rossica, the first Flora of Russia.
[edit] Chemistry
- Antoine Lavoisier pioneers stoichiometry.
- Cholesterol is isolated.
[edit] Mathematics
- Carl Friedrich Gauss, at the age of 7, pioneers the field of summation with the formula summing 1:n as (n(n+1))/2.
[edit] Medicine
- Madame du Coudray, pioneer of modern midwifery in France, retires.
- Benjamin Franklin makes the first known specific reference (in a letter) to the wearing of bifocal spectacles.[1]
[edit] Paleontology
- The first description of a Pterodactylus fossil is made by Cosimo Alessandro Collini, although he is unable to determine what kind of creature it is.[2][3][4]
[edit] Physics
- January 15 - Henry Cavendish's paper to the Royal Society of London, Experiments on Air, reveals the composition of water.[5]
[edit] Technology
- June 4 - Elizabeth Thible becomes the first woman passenger in a hot air balloon, at Lyon, France.[6]
- August 21 - Joseph Bramah receives his first lock patent in London.
- Henry Cort of Funtley, England, applies the coal-fired reverbatory furnace to the puddling process for conversion of cast to wrought iron.[7]
[edit] Awards
[edit] Births
- March 12 - William Buckland, English geologist and paleontologist (d. 1856)
- June 17 - Andrew Crosse, English 'gentleman scientist', pioneer experimenter in electricity (d. 1855)
- July 22 - Friedrich Bessel, German mathematician (d. 1846)
[edit] Deaths
- May 12 - Abraham Trembley, Swiss naturalist (b. 1710)
- September 1 - Jean-François Séguier, French astronomer and botanist (b. 1703)
- September 4 - César-François Cassini de Thury, French astronomer (b. 1714)
[edit] References
- ^ The College of Optometrists. "The 'Inventor' of Bifocals?". Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. http://web.archive.org/web/20110613044912/http://www.college-optometrists.org/en/knowledge-centre/museyeum/online_exhibitions/artgallery/bifocals.cfm. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ^ Collini, C. A. (1784). "Sur quelques Zoolithes du Cabinet d’Histoire naturelle de S.A.S.E. Palatine & de Bavière, à Mannheim". Acta Theodoro-Palatinae Mannheim 5 Pars Physica: 58–103.
- ^ Taquet, P.; Padian, K. (2004). "The earliest known restoration of a pterosaur and the philosophical origins of Cuvier’s Ossemens Fossiles". Comptes Rendus Palevol 3: 157–175. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2004.02.002.
- ^ Unwin, David M. (2006). The Pterosaurs: From Deep Time. New York: Pi Press. ISBN 0-13-146308-X.
- ^ Cavendish, Henry (1784). "Experiments on Air". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 75: 372–384. JSTOR 106582.
- ^ Gazette d'Amsterdam 25 June 1784; Journal des sçavans November 1784 pp. 760-762.
- ^ Gales, W. K. V. (1981). Ironworking. Princes Risborough. p. 8. ISBN 0-85263-546-X.
