1813 in science
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The year 1813 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Biology
- April - William Charles Wells reads a paper to the Royal Society of London making the first clear statement about natural selection.[1][2][3][4]
- Charles Waterton begins the process of turning his estate at Walton Hall, West Yorkshire, England, into what is, in effect, the world's first nature reserve.[5]
[edit] Chemistry
- Mathieu Orfila publishes his groundbreaking Traité des poisons, formalizing the field of toxicology.[6]
- Louis Jacques Thénard commences publication of his textbook Traité de chimie élémentaire, théorique et pratique in Paris.
- Edward Howard invents the enclosed vacuum pan for refining sugar.
[edit] Mathematics
- S. D. Poisson publishes Poisson's equation, his correction of Laplace's second order partial differential equation for potential.[7]
[edit] Sociology
- Henri de Saint-Simon publishes Physiologie sociale.
[edit] Technology
- Probable date - George E. Clymer invents the Columbian press.
[edit] Awards
[edit] Births
- January 19 - Henry Bessemer, English inventor (d. 1898)
- February 18 - Karl Weltzien, Russian-born German inorganic chemist, an organizer of the Karlsruhe Congress (d. 1870)
- March 19 - David Livingstone, Scottish missionary and explorer (d. 1873)
- July 12 - Claude Bernard, French physiologist (d. 1878)
- December 19 - Thomas Andrews, Irish chemist (d. 1885)
[edit] Deaths
- April 10 - Joseph Louis Lagrange, Piedmont-born mathematician (b. 1736)
- April 19 - Benjamin Rush, Founding Father of the United States, chemist and physician (b. 1746)
- April 27 - General Zebulon Pike, American explorer (b. 1779)
- May - Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger, German zoologist (b. 1775)
- July 22 - George Shaw, English naturalist (b. 1751)
- August 23 - Alexander Wilson, Scottish American ornithologist (b. 1766)
[edit] References
- ^ Published posthumously in 1818 in his Two Essays.
- ^ Green, J. H. S. (1957). "William Charles Wells FRS (1757–1817)". Nature 179: 997–99. doi:10.1038/179997a0. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v179/n4568/pdf/179997a0.pdf. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
- ^ Darwin, Charles (1866). "Historical Sketch". On the Origin of Species by means of natural selection (4th & subsequent ed.). London: Murray. "[Wells] distinctly recognises the principle of natural selection, and this is the first recognition which has been indicated."
- ^ Glass, Bentley et al., ed. (1959). Forerunners of Darwin, 1745-1859. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. p. 369.
- ^ Blackburn, Julia (1989). Charles Waterton, 1782-1865: traveller and conservationist. London: The Bodley Head. pp. 52–9. ISBN 0-370-31248-1.
- ^ Bertomeu-Sánchez, José Ramón; Nieto-Galan, Agustí, ed. (2006). Chemistry, Medicine and Crime: Mateu J. B. Orfila (1787–1853) and his times. Sagamore Beach, MA: Science History Publications. ISBN 0-88135-275-6.
- ^ Bulletin de la société philomatique.
