1815 in science
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The year 1815 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Biology
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck begins publication of Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres.
[edit] Chemistry
- William Prout anonymously publishes his hypothesis that the atomic weight of every element is an integer multiple of that of hydrogen.[1][2]
[edit] Geology
- April 5 - Volcanic eruption of Mount Tambora on the Indonesian island of Sumbava. About 92,000 people die as a direct consequence of this disaster, the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. The eruption sends so much volcanic ash into the atmosphere that weather patterns around the world are altered, causing 1815 to be the "Year Without A Summer".
- August 1 - William Smith publishes the first national geological map of the United Kingdom, A Delineation of the Strata of England and Wales, with part of Scotland.[3]
[edit] Medicine
- July 10 - Apothecaries Act prohibits unlicensed medical practitioners in the United Kingdom.[4]
- Cholesterol is discovered by French chemist Michel E. Chevreul, who analyzes it in human gall stones, but its causal relationship with atherosclerosis remains unknown.
[edit] Physics
- Experiments by Jean Baptist Biot reveal polarimetry in the polarization of light in liquids.
- Atomic decay is discovered by Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius in gadolinite, a radioactive mineral damaged by alpha particles released in its own activity.
[edit] Technology
- October 21 - The Davy lamp is patented by Humphry Davy as a coal miners' safety lamp.[5]
- Dental floss is invented by Levi Spear Parmly.
[edit] Awards
[edit] Births
- July 26 - Robert Remak, embryologist (d. 1865)
- Ausust 23 - Henry Acland, physician (d. 1900)
- October 31 - Karl Weierstraß, mathematician (d. 1897)
- November 2 - George Boole, mathematician (d. 1864)
- December 10 - Augusta Ada King (née Byron), Countess of Lovelace, computing pioneer (d. 1852)
[edit] Deaths
- February 22 - Smithson Tennant, British chemist (b. 1761)
- February 24 - Robert Fulton, American engineer (b. 1765)
- March 5 - Franz Mesmer, German physician (b. 1734)
- September 20 - Nicolas Desmarest, French naturalist (b. 1725)
[edit] References
- ^ "On the Relation between the Specific Gravities of Bodies in their Gaseous State and the Weights of their Atoms". Annals of Philosophy 6: 321–330. 1815. http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/EA/PROUTann.HTML. Retrieved 2011-04-16.
- ^ Rosenfeld, Louis (2003). "William Prout: early 19th Century Physician-Chemist". Clinical Chemistry 49 (4): 699–705. doi:10.1373/49.4.699. PMID 12651838. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/49/4/699. Retrieved 2011-04-16.
- ^ Eyles, V. A.; Eyles, Joan M. (1938). "On the different issues of the first geological map of England and Wales". Annals of Science 3: 190–212. http://pdfserve.informaworld.com/933403_751304857_739366957.pdf.
- ^ Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 247–248. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ "Icons, a portrait of England 1800-1820". http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1800-1820. Retrieved 2007-09-11.
