1831 in science
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The year 1831 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Astronomy
- January 7 - Great Comet of 1831 (C/1831 A1, 1830 II) first observed by John Herapath.[1]
- March 7 - Royal Astronomical Society receives its Royal Charter.[2]
- Heinrich Schwabe makes the first detailed drawing of the Great Red Spot on Jupiter.
- Mary Somerville translates Laplace's Mécanique céleste as The Mechanism of the Heavens.
[edit] Biology
- September 1 - Zoological Gardens, Dublin, open in Ireland.[3]
[edit] Chemistry
- A. A. Bussy publishes his Mémoire sur le Radical métallique de la Magnésie describing his method of isolating magnesium.
[edit] Exploration
- June 1 - James Clark Ross discovers the position of the North Magnetic Pole on the Boothia Peninsula.
- December 27 - Charles Darwin starts his voyage on HMS Beagle.
[edit] Medicine
- Dr C. Turner Thackrah publishes The Effects of the Principal Arts, Trades, and Professions, and of Civic States and Habits of Living, on Health and Longevity, with a particular reference to the trades and manufactures of Leeds, and suggestions for the removal of many of the agents which produce disease and shorten the duration of life, a pioneering study of occupational and public health in a newly-industrialised city.[4]
[edit] Paleontology
- Henry Witham publishes Observations on fossil vegetables, accompanied by representations of their internal structure, as seen through the microscope in Edinburgh.
[edit] Technology
- April 12 - Broughton Suspension Bridge over the River Irwell in England collapses under marching troops.[5]
- August 29 - Michael Faraday demonstrates electromagnetic induction at the Royal Society.[6] Joseph Henry recognises it at about the same time. Faraday also develops the Faraday Wheel, a homopolar generator.
- James Meadows Rendel erects the first bascule bridge with a hydraulic mechanism, on the Kingsbridge Estuary in England.[7]
- William Wallace invents the eidograph.[8]
[edit] Institutions
- September 27 - British Association for the Advancement of Science first meets, in York.[9]
[edit] Awards
[edit] Births
- January 26 - Anton de Bary (d. 1888), surgeon, botanist, microbiologist, and mycologist.
- February 28 - Edward James Stone (d. 1897), astronomer.
- March 3 - George Pullman (d. 1897), inventor.
- May 16 - David E. Hughes (d. 1900), inventor.
- June 13 - James Clerk Maxwell (d. 1879), mathematician.
- August 20 - Eduard Suess (d. 1914), geologist.
- October 6 - Richard Dedekind (d. 1916), mathematician.
- October 29 - Othniel Charles Marsh (d. 1899), paleontologist.
[edit] Deaths
- June 27 - Sophie Germain (b. 1776), mathematician.
[edit] References
- ^ "SAO/NASA ADS Astronomy Abstract Service". http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1831MNRAS...2....6H&db_key=AST. Retrieved 2011-02-06.
- ^ "A brief history of the RAS". Royal Astronomical Society. http://www.ras.org.uk/about-the-ras/a-brief-history. Retrieved 2011-02-06.
- ^ "History Of Dublin Zoo". Family Fun. http://www.familyfun.ie/dublin-zoo/. Retrieved 2011-12-20.
- ^ Hunt, Tristram (2004). Building Jerusalem: the rise and fall of the Victorian city. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0297607677.
- ^ Bishop, R.E.D. (1979). Vibration (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521227798.
- ^ "Icons, a portrait of England 1820-1840". http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1820-1840. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
- ^ Clarke, Mike (2009-01-05). "A Brief History of Movable Bridges". http://www.mikeclarke.myzen.co.uk/Movable%20Bridges.html. Retrieved 2012-02-09.
- ^ Waterston, Charles D.; Shearer, A. Macmillan (July 2006) (PDF). Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783-2002: Biographical Index. 2. Royal Society of Edinburgh. p. 964. ISBN 978-0-902198-84-5. http://www.rse.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf. Retrieved 2012-01-23.
- ^ Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
