1838
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This article is about the year 1838.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 18th century – 19th century – 20th century |
| Decades: | 1800s 1810s 1820s – 1830s – 1840s 1850s 1860s |
| Years: | 1835 1836 1837 – 1838 – 1839 1840 1841 |
| 1838 in topic: |
| Humanities |
| Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Literature – Music |
| By country |
| Australia – Canada – France – Germany – Mexico – Philippines – South Africa – US – UK |
| Other topics |
| Rail Transport – Science – Sports |
| Lists of leaders |
| Colonial Governors – State leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Works category |
| Works |
| Gregorian calendar | 1838 MDCCCXXXVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2591 |
| Armenian calendar | 1287 ԹՎ ՌՄՁԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6588 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -6–-5 |
| Bengali calendar | 1245 |
| Berber calendar | 2788 |
| British Regnal year | 1 Vict. 1 – 2 Vict. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2382 |
| Burmese calendar | 1200 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7346–7347 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁酉年十二月初六日 (4474/4534-12-6) — to —
戊戌年十一月十五日(4475/4535-11-15) |
| Coptic calendar | 1554–1555 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1830–1831 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5598–5599 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1894–1895 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1760–1761 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4939–4940 |
| Holocene calendar | 11838 |
| Igbo calendar | |
| - Ǹrí Ìgbò | 838–839 |
| Iranian calendar | 1216–1217 |
| Islamic calendar | 1253–1254 |
| Japanese calendar | Tenpō 9 (天保9年) |
| Juche calendar | N/A (before 1912) |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 12 days |
| Korean calendar | 4171 |
| Minguo calendar | 74 before ROC 民前74年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2381 |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1838 |
Year 1838 (MDCCCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar.
Events [edit]
January–March [edit]
- January 10 – A fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and the Royal Exchange in London.
April–June [edit]
- April 4–April 22 – The paddle steamer SS Sirius (1837) makes the Transatlantic Crossing to New York from Cork, Ireland, in eighteen days, though not using steam continuously.[1]
- April 8–April 23 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel's paddle steamer SS Great Western (1838) makes the Transatlantic Crossing to New York from Avonmouth, England, in fifteen days, inaugurating a regular steamship service.[2]
- April 30 – Nicaragua declares independence from the Central American Federation (see Nicaragua's early history).
- May
- The People's Charter is drawn up in the United Kingdom, demanding universal suffrage.
- Lord Durham and his entourage arrive in Upper Canada to investigate the cause of the 1837 rebellion in that province. This leads to Durham submitting the Durham Report to Britain.
- An insurrection breaks out in Tizimín, beginning the campaign for the independence of Yucatan from Mexico.
- May 26 – USA: The people of the Cherokee Nation are forcibly relocated during the Trail of Tears.
- May 28 – Braulio Carrillo is sworn in as Head of State of Costa Rica, thus beginning his second term in office.
- June 10 – 28 Indigenous Australians are killed in the Myall Creek Massacre.
- June 28 – Coronation of Queen Victoria takes place at Westminster Abbey in London.[3]
July–September [edit]
- September 7 – Grace Darling and her father rescue thirteen survivors from the SS Forfarshire off the Farne Islands.
October–December [edit]
- October 1 – Supporters of Infante Carlos, Count of Molina, are victorious in the Battle of Maella during the First Carlist War.
- October 27 – Missouri Governor Lilburn W. Boggs declares Mormons to be enemies of the state and encourages the extermination or the exile of the religious minority, forcing nearly 10,000 Mormons out of the state.[4]
- November 3 – The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce is founded (renamed The Times of India in 1861).
- November 5 – The Central American Civil War begins with Honduras' separation from the Central American Federation.
- December 16 – The Boers win a decisive victory over the Zulus in the Battle of Blood River.
- December
- First Anglo-Afghan War: British and Presidency armies set out from Punjab in support of Shah Shujah Durrani's claim to the throne of Afghanistan.
- Pastry War: Mexico is invaded by French forces.
Date unknown [edit]
- Proteins are discovered by Jöns Jakob Berzelius.
- Friedrich Bessel makes the first accurate measurement of distance to a star.
- The Pitcairn Islands become a Crown colony of the United Kingdom; and women there are the first in the world to be granted and maintain women's suffrage.[5]
- Five nuns from the Religious Sisters of Charity in Ireland become the first women of religion to set foot on Australian soil.
- Biblical criticism: Christian Hermann Weisse proposes the two-source hypothesis.
- Duke University is established in North Carolina.
- Opium Wars: The decade of the 1830s witnessed a rapid rise in the sale of opium in China,[6]. By 1838 (just before the First Opium War) it climbed to 40,000 chests.[7][6]
- Chatsworth Head acquired by the 6th Duke of Devonshire at Smyrna from H. P. Borrell.
Births [edit]
January–June [edit]
- January 4 – General Tom Thumb, American circus performer and entertainer (d. 1883)
- January 6 – Max Bruch, German composer (d. 1920)
- January 16 – Franz Brentano, German philosopher and psychologist (d. 1917)
- February 6 – Henry Irving, English actor (d. 1905)
- February 9 – Evelyn Wood, British field marshal and Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1919)
- February 10 – Gustav Oelwein, founder of Oelwein, Iowa (d. 1913)
- February 16 – Henry Brooks Adams, American historian (d. 1918)
- February 18 – Ernst Mach, Austrian physicist and philosopher (d. 1916)
- March 3 – George William Hill, American astronomer (d. 1914)
- March 11 – Ōkuma Shigenobu, Japanese politician (d. 1922)
- April 3 – John Willis Menard, African-American politician (d. 1893)
- April 12 – John Shaw Billings, M.D., American military and medical leader (d. 1913)
- April 16 – Martha McClellan Brown, American temperance movement leader (d. 1916)
- April 21 – John Muir, American ecologist (d. 1914)
- April 28 – Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1913)
- May 10 – John Wilkes Booth, American actor and assassin (d. 1865)
- May 20 – Jules Méline, French statesman (d. 1925)
- June 14 – Yamagata Aritomo, Japanese Prime Minister (d. 1922).
July–December [edit]
- July 8 – Ferdinand von Zeppelin, German military officer and founder of the Zeppelin Company (d. 1917)
- September 2 – Liliuokalani of Hawai'i, last Queen of Hawaii (d. 1917)
- September 27 – Lawrence Sullivan Ross, Confederate brigadier general, Texas governor, and president of Texas A&M University (d. 1898)
- October 6 – Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Italian patriot and writer (d. 1910)
- October 25 – Georges Bizet, French composer (d. 1875)
- October 31 – King Luis I of Portugal (d. 1889)
- November 7 – Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, French writer (d. 1889)
- November 20 – Hedvig Raa-Winterhjelm, pioneer actor (d. 1907)
- December 3 – Cleveland Abbe, American meteorologist (d. 1916)
- December 19 – Khedrup Gyatso, 11th Dalai Lama (d. 1856)
- December 20 – Edwin Abbott Abbott, theologian and author (d. 1926)
- December 30 – Émile Loubet, 7th President of France (d. 1929)
Date unknown [edit]
- Jamal-al-Din Afghani, teacher and writer (d. 1897)
Deaths [edit]
January–June [edit]
- January 3 – Prince Maximilian of Saxony (b. 1759)
- January 5 – Anthony Van Egmond, rebel leader in Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837 {died in jail) (b. 1778)
- January 12 – Joshua Humphreys, American naval architect (b. 1751)
- January 13 – John Scott, 1st Earl of Eldon, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1751)
- February 21 – Silvestre de Sacy, linguist (b. 1758)
- March 13 – Poul Martin Møller, philosopher (b. 1794)
- March 16 – Nathaniel Bowditch, American mathematician (b. 1773)
- April 3 – François Carlo Antommarchi, French physician (b. 1780)
- April 6 – José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, Brazilian statesman and naturalist (b. 1763)
- April 9 – Piet Uys, Voortrekker leader (in battle) (b. 1797)
- May 17 – Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, French diplomat (b. 1754)
- May 19 – Richard Colt Hoare, English archaeologist (b. 1758)
- May 23 – Jan Willem Janssens, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1762)
- June 14 – Maximilian von Montgelas, Bavarian statesman (b. 1759)
July–December [edit]
- July 19 – Christmas Evans, preacher (b. 1766)
- August 1 – John Rodgers, American naval officer (b. 1772)
- August 17 – Lorenzo Da Ponte, librettist for Mozart (b. 1749)
- August 21 – Adelbert von Chamisso, German writer (b. 1781)
- September 1 – William Clark, American explorer (b. 1770)
- September 27 – Bernard Courtois, French chemist (b. 1777)
- October 1 – Charles Tennant, Scottish chemist and industrialist (b. 1768)
- October 3 – Black Hawk, Sauk Indian Chief and autobiographer (b. 1767)
- November 21 – Georges Mouton, count of Lobau, Marshal of France (b. 1770)
Date unknown [edit]
- Francisco Gómez, president of El Salvador (b. 1796)
References [edit]
- ^ "Steamship Curaçao". Archived from the original on 24 December 2010. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
- ^ "Icons, a portrait of England 1820-1840". Archived from the original on 22 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
- ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ^ http://rsc.byu.edu/archived/mormon-thoroughfare/7-quincy-illinois-temporary-refuge-1838%E2%80%9339
- ^ "World suffrage timeline – women and the vote". New Zealand Ministry of Culture and Heritage.
- ^ a b Greenberg, Michael. British Trade and the Opening of China 1800-1841 (preview). p. 113. "expansion in imports from 16,550 chests in the season 1831-2 to over 30,000 in 1835-6, and 40,000 in 1838-9"
- ^ Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, ed. (2010). "9. Manchus and Imperialism: The Qing Dynasty 1644–1900". The Cambridge Illustrated History of China (second ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 236. ISBN 978-0-521-19620-8.
