1842 in science
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The year 1842 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Exploration
- Antarctic explorer James Clark Ross charts the eastern side of James Ross Island and on January 23 reaches a Farthest South of 78°09'30"S.[1]
[edit] Medicine
- March 30 - Crawford Long performs the first surgical operation using anesthesia (diethyl ether).[2]
[edit] Paleontology
- Palaeontologist Richard Owen coins the name Dinosauria, hence the Anglicized dinosaur.[3]
[edit] Physics
- Christian Doppler proposes the Doppler effect.[4]
- Julius Robert von Mayer proposes that work and heat are equivalent.[5] This is independently discovered in 1843 by James Prescott Joule, who names it "mechanical equivalent of heat".
[edit] Technology
- February 21 - John Greenough is granted the first U.S. patent for the sewing machine.[6]
- June - James Nasmyth patents the steam hammer and introduces an improved planing machine.[7]
[edit] Awards
[edit] Births
- February 2 - Julian Sochocki (died 1927), mathematician.
- February 22 - Camille Flammarion (died 1925), astronomer.
- May 8 - Emil Christian Hansen (died 1909), fermentation physiologist.
- June 11 - Carl von Linde (died 1934), refrigeration engineer.
- August 23 - Osborne Reynolds (died 1912), physicist.
- September 9 - Elliott Coues (died 1899), ornithologist.
- September 20
- James Dewar (died 1923), chemist.
- Charles Lapworth (died 1920), geologist.
- October 17 - Gustaf Retzius (died 1919), anatomist.
- October 24 (O.S. October 12) - Nikolai Menshutkin (died 1907), chemist.
- November 12 - John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh (died 1919), Nobel Prize-winning physicist.
- December 17 - Sophus Lie (died 1899), mathematician.
[edit] Deaths
- February 15 - Archibald Menzies (born 1754), botanist.
- April 28 - Charles Bell (born 1774), anatomist.
- May 8 - Jules Dumont d'Urville (born 1790), explorer.
- June 30 - Thomas Coke, Earl of Leicester (born 1754), agriculturalist and geneticist.
- July 19 - Pierre Joseph Pelletier (born 1788), chemist.
[edit] References
- ^ Coleman, E. C. (2006). The Royal Navy in Polar Exploration, from Frobisher to Ross. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. p. 335. ISBN 0-7524-3660-0.
- ^ Long, Tony (2007-03-30). "March 30, 1842: It's Lights Out, Thanks to Ether". Wired. http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/03/dayintech_0330. Retrieved 29 December 2007.
- ^ Owen, R. (1842). "Report on British Fossil Reptiles." Part II. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Plymouth, England.
- ^ "Ueber das farbige Licht der Doppelsterne und einige andere Gestirne des Himmels - Versuch einer das Bradley'sche Theorem als integrirenden Theil in sich schliessenden allgemeineren Theorie" ("On the coloured light of the binary refracted stars and other celestial bodies - Attempt of a more general theory including Bradley's theorem as an integral part"). Abhandlungen der kaiserlichen bõhm. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Prag (Prague) V Folge 2. 25 May 1842.
- ^ von Mayer, J. R. (1842). "Bemerkungen über die Kräfte der unbelebten Nature ("Remarks on the forces of inorganic nature")". Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie 43: 233–40. doi:10.1002/jlac. 18420420212. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jlac.18420420212/abstract;jsessionid=C4EDC835147959DFF63FB8464A62DB4D.d02t02. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
- ^ "Vacuum & Sewing Hall of Fame". Archived from the original on 12 December 2007. http://www.vdta.com/hof-list.html. Retrieved 2007-12-29. See section "Contributors to the invention of the sewing machine".
- ^ Smiles, Samuel (1912). James Nasmyth Engineer: an Autobiography. John Murray. http://www.archive.org/details/jamesnasmythengi00nasmiala. Retrieved 2009-11-14.
