1847 in science
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The year 1847 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Chemistry
- Nitroglycerin, at first called pyroglycerine, first synthesized by Ascanio Sobrero.
[edit] Mathematics
- George Boole formalizes symbolic logic in the pamphlet The Mathematical Analysis of Logic (published in Cambridge), defining what is now called Boolean algebra.
- Johann Benedict Listing publishes Vorstudien zur Topologie in Göttingen, first introducing the term Topology in print.[1][2]
[edit] Medicine
- Ignaz Semmelweis studies and prevents the transmission of puerperal fever.
- The journal Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medizin is founded by Rudolf Virchow and Benno Reinhardt.
- Joseph-François Malgaigne publishes Traité des fractures et des luxations in Paris.
[edit] Physics
- Hermann von Helmholtz formally states the law of conservation of energy.
[edit] Technology
- January 27 - Institution of Mechanical Engineers founded in the Queen's Hotel next to Curzon Street railway station in Birmingham, England, by George Stephenson and others.[3]
- May 24 - The Dee bridge disaster: a cast iron girder bridge across the river Dee at Chester, England, designed by Robert Stephenson for the Chester and Holyhead Railway, collapses under a Shrewsbury and Chester Railway train with five fatalities.[4]
- July 24 - Richard March Hoe patents a rotary printing press in the United States.[5]
[edit] Awards
- Copley Medal: John Herschel.
- Wollaston Medal for Geology: Ami Boué.
[edit] Births
- January 21 - Joseph Le Bel (d. 1930), chemist.
- February 11 - Thomas Edison (d. 1931), inventor.
- March 3 - Alexander Graham Bell (d. 1922), inventor.
[edit] Deaths
- March 9 - Mary Anning (b. 1799), paleontologist.
- December 7 - Robert Liston (b. 1794), surgeon.
[edit] References
- ^ Reprint
- ^ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F. (2000). "Johann Benedict Listing". MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. University of St Andrews. http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Listing.html. Retrieved 2011-10-15.
- ^ Cragg, Roger (1997). Civil Engineering Heritage: Wales and West Central England (2nd ed.). London: Thomas Telford. p. 194. ISBN 0727725769.
- ^ Lewis, Peter R. (2007). Disaster on the Dee: Robert Stephenson's Nemesis of 1847. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7524-4266-2.
- ^ #5199. "Improvement in Rotary Printing-Presses". http://www.google.com/patents?vid=5199.
