1856 in science
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The year 1856 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Archaeology
- First remains of Neanderthal Man found in the Neandertal Valley of Germany.
[edit] Astronomy
- NGC 6539 is discovered by Theodor Brorsen.
[edit] Biology
- Gregor Mendel starts his research on genetics.
- Lev Tsenkovsky introduces the concept that the lower algae and other infusoria are unicellular organisms.[1]
[edit] Chemistry
- March - William Perkin first discovers an aniline dye, mauveine.[2]
- Alexander Parkes patents the first thermoplastic, Parkesine.[3]
[edit] Exploration
- May 20 - Dr David Livingstone arrives at Quelimane on the Indian Ocean having completed a 2-year transcontinental journey across Africa from Luanda.[4]
[edit] Physics
- Henry Darcy formulates Darcy's law on fluid flow.[5]
[edit] Technology
- John Fowler first demonstrates his steam-driven agricultural ploughing system.[6]
- Robert Mushet patents an improvement to the Bessemer process for the production of steel.[7]
[edit] Awards
- Copley Medal: Henri Milne-Edwards
- Wollaston Medal for Geology: William Edmond Logan
[edit] Births
- February 15 - Emil Kraepelin (d. 1926), German psychiatrist.
- May 6
- Sigmund Freud (d. 1939), Austrian psychoanalyst.
- Robert Peary (d. 1920), American polar explorer.
- July 10 - Nikola Tesla (d. 1943), Serb inventor.
- September 14 - Sergei Winogradsky (d. 1953), Russian microbiologist.
[edit] Deaths
- February 25 - George Don (b. 1797), Scottish botanist.
- July 9 - Amedeo Avogadro (b. 1776), Italian chemist.
- August 24 - William Buckland (b. 1784), English geologist and paleontologist.
- November 20 - Farkas Bolyai (b. 1775), Hungarian mathematician
- December 23/24 - Hugh Miller (b. 1802), Scottish geologist (suicide).
[edit] References
- ^ Petrunkevitch, Alexander (1920). "Russia's Contribution to Science". Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Sciences 23: 233.
- ^ Garfield, Simon (2000). Mauve: How One Man Invented a Colour that Changed the World. London: Faber. ISBN 0571201970.
- ^ UK Patent office (1857). Patents for inventions. UK Patent office. pp. 255. http://books.google.com/books?id=0nCoU-2tAx8C&pg=PA255.
- ^ "Central Africa, explored". Unimaps.com. 2005. http://unimaps.com/cafrica-explored/print.html. Retrieved 2011-08-26.
- ^ Darcy, H. (1856). Les Fontaines Publiques de la Ville de Dijon. Paris: Dalmont.
- ^ Bonnett, Harold (1972). Saga of the Steam Plough. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 071355742.
- ^ van Dulken, Stephen (2001). Inventing the 19th Century: the great age of Victorian inventions. London: British Library. p. 30. ISBN 0-7123-0881-4.
