1858 in science
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The year 1858 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Archaeology
- In Luxor, Egypt, the Rhind papyrus is found (named for Alexander Henry Rhind, the discoverer); it is sometimes called the Ahmes papyrus for the scribe who wrote it around 1650 BC.
[edit] Astronomy
- Donati's Comet, the first comet to be photographed, is discovered by Giovanni Battista Donati on 2 June and remains visible for several months afterwards.
[edit] Biology
- William Herschel initiates fingerprinting as a means of identification, in Bengal.[1]
- Rudolf Virchow publishes Die Cellularpathologie in ihrer Begründung auf physiologische und pathologische Gewebelehre: 20 Vorlesungen, gehalten während der Monate Februar, März und April 1858 im Pathologischen Institut zu Berlin.
- George Bentham's Handbook of the British flora is published. This will be in use (in editions edited by Joseph Dalton Hooker) for a century.
[edit] Evolution
- July 1 - Charles Darwin's and Alfred Russel Wallace's papers on their theories of evolution are presented to the Linnean Society of London.
[edit] Exploration
- February 13 - Richard Francis Burton and John Hanning Speke become the first Europeans to discover Lake Tanganyika.[2]
- May 14 - Dr David Livingstone's 6-year Second Zambesi Expedition, under the patronage of the Royal Geographical Society, arrives at the African coast with the prefabricated iron paddle steamer Ma Robert.[3]
- August 3 - John Hanning Speke discovers Lake Victoria, source of the River Nile.[2]
[edit] Mathematics
- The Möbius strip is discovered independently by German mathematicians August Ferdinand Möbius and Johann Benedict Listing.[4][5][6]
- Arthur Cayley publishes "A memoir on the theory of matrices", introducing the modern concept of the matrix in mathematics.[7][8][9]
[edit] Medicine
- First publication of Gray's Anatomy.
- Publication in London of Thomas B. Peacock's On Malformations, &c., of the Human Heart, with original cases which becomes a standard cardiology textbook.[10]
- French pediatrician Eugène Bouchut develops a new technique for non-surgical orotracheal intubation to bypass laryngeal obstruction resulting from a diphtheria-related pseudomembrane.[11]
[edit] Psychiatry
- First treatise on postpartum psychiatric disturbances, by Louis-Victor Marcé, MD.[12]
[edit] Technology
- I. K. Brunel's SS Great Eastern, the largest ship built to date, is launched on the River Thames using Tangye hydraulic rams.[13]
- Hoffmann kiln patented in Germany by Friedrich Hoffmann for continuous production brickmaking.
[edit] Awards
[edit] Births
- January 28 - Eugène Dubois (died 1940), Dutch paleoanthropologist.
- March 18 - Rudolf Diesel (died 1913), German mechanical engineer.
- April 23 - Max Planck (died 1947), German theoretical physicist.
- May 19 - Thomas Allinson (died 1918) English physician and dietetic reformer.
- August 27 - Giuseppe Peano (died 1932), Italian mathematician.
- October 4 - Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin (died 1935), Banat-born physicist.
- November 1 - Ludwig Struve (died 1920), Russian astronomer.
- November 30 - Jagadish Chandra Bose (died 1937), Bengali physicist.
[edit] Deaths
- April 28 - Johannes Peter Müller (born 1801), German physiologist.
- June 10 - Robert Brown (born 1773), Scottish botanist.
- November 8 - George Peacock (born 1791), English mathematician.
- December 16 - Richard Bright (born 1789), English physician.
[edit] References
- ^ Herschel, William J. (1916). The Origin of Finger-Printing. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-104-66225-7. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. http://galton.org/fingerprints/books/herschel/herschel-1916-origins-1up.pdf. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
- ^ a b Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ^ "The Zambesi Expedition". Livingstone Online. http://www.livingstoneonline.ucl.ac.uk/companion.php?id=HIST4. Retrieved 2011-08-26.
- ^ Pickover, Clifford A. (2006). The Möbius Strip: Dr. August Möbius's Marvelous Band in Mathematics, Games, Literature, Art, Technology, and Cosmology. Thunder's Mouth Press. ISBN 1-56025-826-8.
- ^ Herges, Rainer (2005). "Möbius, Escher, Bach – Das unendliche Band in Kunst und Wissenschaft". Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau: 301–310. ISSN 0028-1050.
- ^ Rodley, Chris, ed. (1997). Lynch on Lynch. London. p. 231.
- ^ Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London) 148 (1858). Repr. Cayley, Arthur (2009) [1889]. The Collected Mathematical Papers. Cambridge Library Collection – Mathematics. 2. Cambridge University Press. pp. 475–96. ISBN 978-1-108-00507-4. archive. http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=umhistmath;idno=ABS3153.
- ^ Dieudonné, Jean, ed. (1978). "III". Abrégé d'histoire des mathématiques 1700-1900. 1. Paris: Hermann. p. 96.
- ^ Crilly, Tony (2007). 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know. London: Quercus. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.
- ^ "Thomas Bevill Peacock (1812-1882), 19th Century Cardiologist". Journal of the American Medical Association 203 (9): 801. 1968. doi:10.1001/jama.1968.03140090185016. http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/203/9/801.full.pdf+html. Retrieved 2011-03-30.
- ^ Bouchut, E. (1858). "D'une nouvelle méthode de traitement du croup par le tubage du larynx [On a new method of treatment for croup by larynx intubation]" (in French). Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale de Médecine 23: 1160–2. http://books.google.ca/books?id=Fb3jnv21y1cC&pg=PA86. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
- ^ Trede K, Baldessarini RJ, Viguera AC, Bottero A (2009). "Treatise on insanity in pregnant, postpartum, and lactating women (1858) by Louis-Victor Marcé: a commentary". Harvard Review of Psychiatry 17 (2): 157–65. doi:10.1080/10673220902891802. PMID 19373623. http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10673220902891802. Retrieved 11 December 2009.
- ^ "ss Great Eastern". Brunel 200. 2006. Archived from the original on 08 July 2011. http://www.brunel200.com/ss_great_eastern.htm. Retrieved 2011-06-29.
