1865 in science
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The year 1865 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Chemistry
- Friedrich Kekulé proposes a ring structure for benzene.[1]
[edit] Life sciences
- Louis Pasteur shows that the air is full of bacteria.
- Joseph Lister begins to experiment with antiseptic surgery in Glasgow using carbolic acid.[2]
- Gregor Mendel reads his paper, Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden (Experiments on Plant Hybridization), at two meetings of the Natural History Society of Brünn in Moravia.[3]
- Max Schultze gives the first known description of the platelet.[4]
- Francis Galton formulates eugenics.[5]
- Claude Bernard publishes Principes de Médecine experimentale.
- May 17 - Father Armand David first observes Père David's Deer in China.[6]
- September 28 - Elizabeth Garrett Anderson graduates as Britain's first woman doctor.[7]
[edit] Physics
- Rudolf Clausius gives the first mathematical version of the concept of entropy, and also names it.[8][9]
- James Clerk Maxwell publishes A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field.[2]
[edit] Technology
- Aveling and Porter produce the first steam roller in Kent, England.[10]
[edit] Awards
- Copley Medal: Michel Chasles.
- Wollaston Medal in Geology: Thomas Davidson.
[edit] Births
- January 22 - Friedrich Paschen (d. 1947), German physicist.
- February 1 - Henry Luke Bolley (d. 1956), American plant pathologist.
- June 27 - John Monash (d. 1931), Australian civil engineer and General.
- August 10 - Charles Close (d. 1952), Jersey-born cartographer.
[edit] Deaths
- May 27 - Charles Waterton (b. 1782), English naturalist and explorer.
- August 12 - Sir William Jackson Hooker (b. 1785), English botanist.
- August 26 - Johann Franz Encke (b. 1791), German astronomer.
- August 29 - Robert Remak (b. 1815), Polish/Prussian Jewish embryologist.
- September 2 - Sir William Rowan Hamilton (b. 1805), Irish mathematician, physicist, and astronomer.
- October 17 - Joseph-François Malgaigne (b. 1806), French surgeon.
[edit] References
- ^ Kekulé, F. A. (1865). "Sur la constitution des substances aromatiques". Bulletin de la Société Chimique de Paris 3: 98–110.
- ^ a b Everett, Jason M., ed (2006). "1865". The People's Chronology. Thomson Gale.
- ^ Moore, Randy (May 2001). "The "Rediscovery" of Mendel's Work". Bioscene 27. http://papa.indstate.edu/amcbt/volume_27/v27-2.pdf.
- ^ Schultze, M. (1865). "Ein heizbarer Objecttisch und seine Verwendung bei Untersuchungen des Blutes". Archiv fÜr Mikroskopische Anatomie 1: 1–42.
- ^ Galton, Francis (1865). "Hereditary talent and character". Macmillan's Magazine 12: 157–166, 318–327. http://www.mugu.com/galton/essays/1860-1869/galton-1865-hereditary-talent.pdf.
- ^ "Elaphurus davidianus". Ultimate Ungulate. 2004. http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla/Elaphurus_davidianus.html. Retrieved 2011-05-05.
- ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ^ Clausius, R. (1865). "Über die Wärmeleitung gasförmiger Körper". Annalen der Physik 125: 353–400. http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k152107/f369.table.
- ^ Clausius, R. (1867). The Mechanical Theory of Heat – with its Applications to the Steam Engine and to Physical Properties of Bodies. London: John van Voorst.
- ^ "Aveling and Porter". Grace's Guide. http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/wiki/Aveling_and_Porter. Retrieved 2011-05-25.
