1869

This article is about the year 1869. For other uses, see 1869 (disambiguation).

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century – 19th century – 20th century
Decades:	1830s  1840s  1850s  – 1860s –  1870s  1880s  1890s
Years:	1866 1867 1868 – 1869 – 1870 1871 1872

1869 in topic:

Humanities

Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Literature – Music

By country

Australia – Canada – France – Germany – Mexico – Philippines – South Africa – US – UK

Other topics

Rail Transport – Science – Sports

Lists of leaders

Colonial Governors – State leaders

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments – Disestablishments

Works category

Works

1869 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1869 MDCCCLXIX
Ab urbe condita	2622
Armenian calendar	1318 ԹՎ ՌՅԺԸ
Assyrian calendar	6619
Bahá'í calendar	25–26
Bengali calendar	1276
Berber calendar	2819
British Regnal year	32 Vict. 1 – 33 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar	2413
Burmese calendar	1231
Byzantine calendar	7377–7378
Chinese calendar	戊辰年十一月十九日 (4505/4565-11-19) — to — 己巳年十一月廿九日 (4506/4566-11-29)
Coptic calendar	1585–1586
Ethiopian calendar	1861–1862
Hebrew calendar	5629–5630
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1925–1926
- Shaka Samvat	1791–1792
- Kali Yuga	4970–4971
Holocene calendar	11869
Igbo calendar
- Ǹrí Ìgbò	869–870
Iranian calendar	1247–1248
Islamic calendar	1285–1286
Japanese calendar	Meiji 2 (明治2年)
Juche calendar	N/A (before 1912)
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar	4202
Minguo calendar	43 before ROC 民前43年
Thai solar calendar	2412

Year 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

• January 20 – Elizabeth Cady Stanton is the first woman to testify before the United States Congress.
• January 21 – The P.E.O. Sisterhood, a philanthropic educational organization for women, is founded at Iowa Wesleyan College in Mount Pleasant, Iowa.
• January 27 – The Republic of Ezo is proclaimed on the northern Japanese island of Ezo (which will be renamed Hokkaidō on September 20) by remaining adherents to the Tokugawa shogunate.
• February 5 – Prospectors in Moliagul, Victoria, Australia, discover the largest alluvial gold nugget ever found, known as the "Welcome Stranger".
• February 20 – Ranavalona II, the Merina Queen of Madagascar, is baptized.
• February 26 – The 2½-year-old Mahbub Ali Khan begins a 42-year reign as Nizam of Hyderabad.
• March – In Japan, the daimyo of the Tosa, Hizen, Satsuma and Chōshū Domains are persuaded to 'return their domains' to the Emperor Meiji, leading to creation of a fully centralized government in the country.
• March 1 – North German Confederation issues 10gr and 30gr value stamps, printed on goldbeater's skin.
• March 4 – Ulysses S. Grant succeeds Andrew Johnson as the 18th President of the United States of America.
• March 6 – Mendeleev makes a formal presentation of his periodic table to the Russian Chemical Society.
• March 24 – Titokowaru's War ends with surrender of the last Māori troops at large in the South Taranaki District of New Zealand's North Island.

April–June

• April 6 – The American Museum of Natural History is founded in New York.
• May – In France, the opposition, consisting of republicans, monarchists and liberals, polls almost 45% of the vote in national elections.
• May 4–10 – Naval Battle of Hakodate: The Imperial Japanese navy defeats adherents of the Tokugawa shogunate.
• May 6 – Purdue University is founded in West Lafayette, Indiana.
• May 10 – The First Transcontinental Railroad in North America is completed at Promontory, Utah, by driving of the "golden spike".
• May 15 – Woman's suffrage: In New York, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton form the National Woman Suffrage Association.
• May 22 – Sainsbury's first store, in Drury Lane, London, is opened.
• May 26 – Boston University is chartered by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
• June 1 – The Cincinnati Red Stockings open the baseball season as the first fully professional team.
• June 2 – Sherwood College is founded in Nainital, India.
• June 15 – John Wesley Hyatt patents celluloid, in Albany, New York.
• June 18 – The first Estonian Song Festival takes place in Tartu.
• June 27 – The fortress of Goryōkaku is turned over to Imperial Japanese forces, bringing an end to the Republic of Ezo, the Battle of Hakodate and the Boshin War.

July–September

• July 4 – The University of Bucharest is founded.
• August 9 – August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht found the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP).
• August 27 – The University of Oxford win the first international boat race held on the River Thames against Harvard University.
• August 31 – Irish scientist Mary Ward is killed in a steam car accident, probably the world's first victim of a mechanically-propelled road vehicle.
• September 5 – The foundation stone is laid for Neuschwanstein Castle in Bavaria (southern Germany).
• September 11 – Work on the Wallace Monument is completed in Stirling, Scotland.
• September 12–13 – The P&O's SS Carnatic runs aground and sinks in the Red Sea; 31 drowned.
• September 24 – "Black Friday": The Fisk-Gould Scandal causes a financial panic in the United States.

October–December

• October 11 – Red River Rebellion against British forces in Canada.
• October 16 – England's first residential university-level women's college, the College for Women, predecessor of Girton College, Cambridge, is founded at Hitchin by Emily Davies and Barbara Bodichon.
• October 25 – John B. Shelden (of Millville, New Jersey) claims to have discovered the North Pole.
• November 4 – The first issue of the scientific journal Nature is published in London, edited by Norman Lockyer.
• November 6 – The first game of American Football between two American colleges is played. Rutgers University defeats Princeton University 6–4 in a forerunner to American football and College football.
• November 17 – In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony.
• November 19 – The Hudson's Bay Company surrenders its claim to Rupert's Land in Canada under its letters patent back to the British Crown.
• November 23 – In Dumbarton, Scotland, the clipper ship Cutty Sark is launched (it is one of the last clippers built, and the only one to survive into the 21st century).
• December 7 – American outlaw Jesse James commits his first confirmed bank robbery in Gallatin, Missouri.
• December 8 – First Vatican Council opens.
• December 10 – The first American chapter of Kappa Sigma is founded at the University of Virginia.
• December 10 – The Wyoming territorial legislature gives women the right to vote, the first such law in the world.
• December 31 – Triple Alliance forces take Asunción in the Paraguayan War.

Date unknown

• Basutoland becomes a British protectorate.
• The capital of the Isle of Man moves from Castletown to Douglas.
• Abdur Rahman Khan is exiled from Afghanistan.
• Arabella A. Mansfield became the first woman in the United States awarded a license to practice law, at Mount Pleasant, Iowa.
• James Gordon Bennett, Jr. of the New York Herald asks Henry Morton Stanley to find Dr. Livingstone.
• The Co-operative Central Board (later Co-operatives UK) is founded in Manchester.
• Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace is published complete in book form.
• Friedrich Miescher discovers deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
• French missionary and naturalist Père Armand David receives the skin of a giant panda from a hunter, the first time this species has become known to a Westerner.
• Southern Illinois University, Carbondale is founded.
• The Glasgow University Rugby Football Club is founded.
• Farmington Senior High School (Minnesota) is built
• Marcus Jastrow arrives in the United States to become rabbi of Congregation Rodeph Shalom in Philadelphia.
• In France Hippolyte Mège-Mouriès invented margarine.

Births

January–June

• January 4 – Tommy Corcoran, American baseball player (d. 1960)
• January 10 – Grigori Rasputin, Russian mystic (d. 1916)proven 1872
• January 15 – Stanisław Wyspiański, Polish dramatist, poet, painter, and architect (d. 1907)
• February 11 – Helene Kröller-Müller, Dutch museum founder and patron of the arts (d. 1939)
• February 14 – Charles Wilson, Scottish physicist and Nobel laureate (d. 1959)
• February 26 – Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya, Russian Marxist revolutionary and Vladimir Lenin's wife (d.1939)
• February 28 – William V. Pratt, American admiral (d. 1957)
• March 3
  • Michael von Faulhaber, German cardinal and archbishop (d. 1952)
  • Henry Wood, British conductor (d. 1944)
• March 12 – George Forbes, New Zealand Prime Minister and first leader of the New Zealand National Party (d. 1947)
• March 14 – Algernon Blackwood, English writer (d. 1951)
• March 18 – Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1940)
• March 21 – Florenz Ziegfeld, American theatrical producer (d. 1932)
• March 22 – Emilio Aguinaldo, first President of the Philippines (d. 1964)
• March 23 – Calouste Gulbenkian, Armenian businessman and philanthropist (d. 1955)
• March 29 – Edwin Lutyens, British architect (d. 1944)
• April 2 – Hughie Jennings, American baseball player (d. 1928)
• April 4 – Mary Colter, American architect (d. 1958)
• April 8 – Harvey Cushing, American neurosurgeon (d. 1939)
• April 10 – Signe Bergman, Swedish suffragist (d. 1960)
• April 11 – Gustav Vigeland, Norwegian sculptor (d. 1943)
• April 12 – Henri Désiré Landru, French serial killer (d. 1922)
• April 27 – May Moss, Australian women's rights activist (d. 1948)
• May 3 – Warren Terhune, United States Navy Commander, and the 13th Governor of American Samoa (d. 1920)
• May 5 – Hans Pfitzner, German composer (d. 1949)
• May 20 – John Stone Stone, American physicist and inventor (d. 1943)
• June 7 – Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich of Russia (d. 1870)
• June 17 – Flora Finch, English-born comedian (d. 1940)
• June 27 – Hans Spemann, German embryologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1941)

July–December

• July 11 – Pío Valenzuela, Filipino doctor and patriot (d. 1956)
• August 10 – Lawrence Binyon, English poet and scholar (d. 1943)
• September 3 – Fritz Pregl, Austrian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1930)
• September 17 – Christian Lous Lange, Norwegian pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1938)
• September 23 – Mary Mallon, "Typhoid Mary" (d. 1938)
• October 2 – Mohandas Gandhi, Indian political leader, Father of the Nation (d. 1948)
• October 25 – John Heisman, American football coach (d. 1936)
• October 27 – Viola Allen, actress (d. 1948)
• October 31 – William A. Moffett, American admiral (d. 1933)
• November 10 – Wayne Wheeler, American temperance movement leader (d. 1927)
• November 11 – Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy (d. 1947)
• November 20 – Herbert Tudor Buckland, seminal British Arts and crafts architect (d. 1951)
• November 22 – André Gide, French writer and Nobel laureate (d. 1951)
• November 24 – Óscar Carmona, former President of Portugal (d. 1951)
• November 25 – Herbert Greenfield, Premier of Alberta, Canada (d. 1949)
• November 30 – Gustaf Dalén, Swedish physicist and Nobel laureate (d. 1937)
• December 5 – Ellis Parker Butler, American humorist (d. 1937)
• December 16 – Hristo Tatarchev, Bulgarian revolutionary and leader of the revolutionary movement in Macedonia and Eastern Thrace (d. 1952)
• December 20 – Charley Grapewin, American vaudeville performer and stage and film actor (d. 1956)
• December 22 – Edwin Arlington Robinson, American poet (d. 1935)
• December 22 – Nathan Paine, American lumber baron (d. 1947)
• December 24 – Henriette Roland Holst, Dutch poet and socialist (d. 1952)
• December 30 – Stephen Leacock, British-Canadian author and economist (d. 1944)
• December 31 – Henri Matisse, French painter (d. 1954)

Date unknown

• Paul Behncke, German admiral (d. 1937)
• Harry Grant Dart, American cartoonist (d. 1938)

Deaths

January–June

• January 1
  • Martin W. Bates, American senator (b. 1786)
  • James B. Longacre, fourth Chief Engraver of the U.S. Mint (b. 1794)
• January 30 – William Carleton, Irish novelist (b. 1794)
• February 15 – Mirza Ghalib, Indian poet (b. 1796).
• March 8 – Hector Berlioz, French composer (b. 1803)
• March 20 – John Pascoe Grenfell, British admiral of the Brazilian Navy (b. 1800)
• March 24 – Antoine-Henri Jomini, French general (b. 1779)
• April 20 – Carl Loewe, German composer (b. 1796)
• June 16 – Charles Sturt, Australian explorer (b. 1795)
• June 20 – Hijikata Toshizou, Japanese military commander (b. 1835)

July–December

• July 18 – Laurent Clerc, American advocate for the deaf (b. 1785)
• July 22 – John A. Roebling, American bridge engineer (b. 1806)
• August 31 – Mary Ward, Irish scientist and the first car accident victim (b. 1827)
• September 4 – John Pascoe Fawkner, Australian pioneer, settler and politician, Melbourne, Victoria (b. 1792)
• September 12 – Peter Mark Roget, British lexicographer (b. 1779)
• October 8 – Franklin Pierce, 14th President of the United States (b. 1804)
• October 13 – Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804)
• October 23 – Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1799)
• December 8 – Narcisa de Jesús Martillo, an Ecuadorian saint (b. 1832)
• December 18 – Louis Moreau Gottschalk, American composer and pianist (b. 1829)

References

• American Annual Cyclopedia...for 1869 (1870), large compendium of facts, worldwide coverage online edition
• The American year-book and national register for 1869 (1869). focus on U.S. online edition