1869
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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 18th century – 19th century – 20th century |
| Decades: | 1830s 1840s 1850s – 1860s – 1870s 1880s 1890s |
| Years: | 1866 1867 1868 – 1869 – 1870 1871 1872 |
| 1869 in topic: |
| Subjects: Archaeology – Architecture – |
| Art – Literature (Poetry) – Music – Science |
| Sports – Rail Transport |
| Countries: Australia – Canada – France – Germany – Ireland – Mexico – Netherlands – New Zealand – Norway – South Africa – Spain – UK – USA |
| Leaders: State leaders – Colonial governors |
| Category: Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Births – Deaths – Works |
Year 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).
Contents |
[edit] Events of 1869
[edit] January–March
- January 1 – Sigma Nu, the first anti-hazing Honor/Social Fraternity, is founded.
- January 20 – Elizabeth Cady Stanton is the first woman to testify before the United States Congress.
- January 21 – The P.E.O. Sisterhood,a philanthropic educational organization for women, is founded at Iowa Wesleyan College in Mount Pleasant, Iowa.
- February 20 – Ranavalona II, the Merina Queen of Madagascar, is baptized.
- March 1 – North German Confederation issues 10gr and 30gr value stamps, printed on goldbeater's skin.
- March 4 – Ulysses S. Grant succeeds Andrew Johnson as the 18th President of the United States of America.
- March 6 – Mendeleev makes a formal presentation to the Russian Chemical Society.
[edit] April–June
- April 6 – The American Museum of Natural History is founded in New York.
- May 4–10 – Naval Battle of Hakodate in Japan: The Imperial Japanese Navy defeats the Tokugawa shogunate.
- May 6 – Purdue University is founded in West Lafayette, Indiana.
- May 10 – The Transcontinental Railroad is completed in Promontory, Utah.
- May 15 – Woman's suffrage: In New York, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton form the National Woman's Suffrage Association.
- May 22 – Sainsbury's first store in Drury Lane opened
- May 26 – Boston University is chartered by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
- May 29 – The British Parliament passes the Capital Punishment within Prisons Bill, thus ending public hanging.
- June 1 – The Cincinnati Red Stockings open the baseball season as the first fully professional baseball team.
- June 2 – Sherwood College is founded in Nainital, India.
- June 15 – John Wesley Hyatt patents the first plastic, Celluloid, in Albany, New York.
- June 18 – The first Estonian Song Festival takes place in Tartu.
[edit] July–September
- July 4 – The University of Bucharest is founded.
- August 9 – August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht found the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP).
- August 31 – Irish scientist Mary Ward is killed in a car accident, possibly the first person ever to suffer this fate.
- September 5 – The foundation stone is laid for Neuschwanstein Castle in Bavaria (southern Germany).
- September 11 – Work on the Wallace Monument is completed in Stirling, Scotland.
- September 24- The Fisk-Gould Scandal (also known as Black Friday) causes a financial panic in the United States.
[edit] October–December
- October 16 – England's first residential college for women, Girton College, is founded.
- November 4 – The first issue of the scientific journal Nature is published.
- November 6 – The first game of American Football between two American colleges is played. Rutgers University defeats Princeton University 6–4 in a forerunner to American football and College football.
- November 17 – In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony.
- November 23 – In Dumbarton, Scotland the last surviving clipper ship, Cutty Sark, is launched.
- December 1 – The official transfer of Rupert's Land from the Hudson's Bay Company to the Dominion of Canada is executed.
- December 10 – The first American chapter of Kappa Sigma is founded at the University of Virginia.
- December 10 – The Wyoming territorial legislature gives women the right to vote, the first such law in the world.
- December 31 – Triple Alliance forces take Asunción.
[edit] Undated
- Basutoland becomes a British protectorate.
- The British Parliament ends transportation to Australia as punishment for criminals.
- Mahbub Ali Pasha begins a 42-year reign as the Nizam of Hyderabad.
- James Gordon Bennett, Jr. of the New York Herald asks Henry Morton Stanley to find Dr. Livingstone.
- The Meiji Emperor of Japan accepts the surrender of the four most powerful clans—(Chōshū, Tosa, Hizen, and Satsuma)—and reappoints the clan chiefs as Provincial Governors on reduced revenues.
- Abdur Rahman Khan is exiled from Afghanistan.
- Southern Illinois University, Carbondale is founded.
- The co-operative Central Board (later Co-operatives UK) is founded in Manchester.
- The Glasgow University Rugby Football Club (GURFC) is founded.
- The opposition, consisting of republicans, monarchists and liberals, polls almost 45% of the vote in France.
- Marcus Jastrow arrives in the United States to become rabbi of Congregation Rodeph Shalom in Philadelphia.
[edit] Births
| Gregorian calendar | 1869 MDCCCLXIX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2622 |
| Armenian calendar | 1318 ԹՎ ՌՅԺԸ |
| Bahá'í calendar | 25 – 26 |
| Berber calendar | 2819 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2413 |
| Burmese calendar | 1231 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7377 – 7378 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊辰年十一月十九日 (4505/4565-11-19) — to —
己巳年十一月廿九日(4506/4566-11-29) |
| Coptic calendar | 1585 – 1586 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1861 – 1862 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5629 – 5630 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1924 – 1925 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1791 – 1792 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4970 – 4971 |
| Holocene calendar | 11869 |
| Iranian calendar | 1247 – 1248 |
| Islamic calendar | 1285 – 1286 |
| Japanese calendar | Meiji 2 (明治2年) |
| Korean calendar | 4202 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2412 |
[edit] January–June
- January 4 – Tommy Corcoran, American baseball player (d. 1960)
- January 10 – Grigori Rasputin, Russian mystic (d. 1916)
- January 15 – Stanisław Wyspiański, Polish dramatist, poet, painter, and architect (d. 1907)
- February 11 – Helene Kroller-Muller, Dutch museum founder and patron of the arts (d. 1939)
- February 14 – Charles Wilson, Scottish physicist and Nobel laureate (d. 1959)
- February 26 – Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya, Russian Marxist revolutionary and Vladimir Lenin's wife (d.1939)
- March 3
- Michael von Faulhaber, German cardinal and archbishop (d. 1952)
- Henry Wood, British conductor (d. 1944)
- March 12 – George William Forbes, New Zealand Prime Minister and first leader of the New Zealand National Party (d. 1947)
- March 14 – Algernon Blackwood, English writer (d. 1951)
- March 18 – Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1940)
- March 21 – Florenz Ziegfeld, American theatrical producer (d. 1932)
- March 22 – Emilio Aguinaldo, first President of the Philippines (d. 1964)
- April 2 – Hughie Jennings, American baseball player (d. 1928)
- April 4 – Mary Colter, American architect (d. 1958)
- April 8 – Harvey Cushing, American neurosurgeon (d. 1939)
- April 11 – Gustav Vigeland, Norwegian sculptor (d. 1943)
- April 27 – May Moss, Australian women's rights activist (d. 1948)
- May 5 – Hans Pfitzner, German composer (d. 1949)
- May 20 – John Stone Stone, American physicist and inventor (d. 1943)
- June 17 – Flora Finch, English-born comedian (d. 1940)
- June 27 – Hans Spemann, German embryologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1941)
[edit] July–December
- July 11 – Pio Valenzuela, Filipino doctor and patriot
- August 10 – Lawrence Binyon, English poet and scholar (d. 1943)
- September 3 – Fritz Pregl, Austrian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1930)
- September 17 – Christian Lous Lange, Norwegian pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1938)
- September 23 – Mary Mallon, "Typhoid Mary" (d. 1938)
- October 2 – Mahatma Gandhi, Indian political leader, Father of the Nation (d. 1948)
- October 25 – John Heisman, American football coach (d. 1936)
- October 27 – Viola Allen, actress (d. 1948)
- November 10 – Wayne Wheeler, American temperance movement leader (d. 1927)
- November 11 – Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy (d. 1947)
- November 20 – Herbert Tudor Buckland, seminal British Arts and crafts architect (d.1951)
- November 22 – André Gide, French writer and Nobel laureate (d. 1951)
- November 25 – Herbert Greenfield, Premier of Alberta, Canada (d. 1949)
- November 30 – Gustaf Dalén, Swedish physicist and Nobel laureate (d. 1937)
- December 5 – Ellis Parker Butler, American humorist (d. 1937)
- December 16 – Hristo Tatarchev, Bulgarian revolutionary and leader of the revolutionary movement in Macedonia and Eastern Thrace
- December 22 – Edwin Arlington Robinson, American poet (d. 1935)
- December 22 – Nathan Paine, American lumber baron (d. 1947)
- December 30 – Stephen Leacock, British-Canadian author and economist (d. 1944)
- December 31 – Henri Matisse, French painter (d. 1954)
[edit] Deaths
[edit] January–June
- January 1
- Martin W. Bates, American senator (b. 1786)
- James B. Longacre, fourth Chief Engraver of the U.S. Mint (b. 1794)
- January 30 – William Carleton, Irish novelist (b. 1794)
- February 15 – Mirza Ghalib, Indian poet (b. 1796).
- March 8 – Hector Berlioz, French composer (b. 1803)
- March 20 – John Pascoe Grenfell, British admiral of the Brazilian Navy (b. 1800)
- March 24 – Antoine-Henri Jomini, French general (b. 1779)
- April 20 – Carl Loewe, German composer (b. 1796)
- June 16 – Charles Sturt, Australian explorer (b. 1795)
- June 20 – Hijikata Toshizou, Japanese military commander (b. 1835)
[edit] July–December
- July 18 – Laurent Clerc, American advocate for the deaf (b. 1785)
- July 22 – John A. Roebling, American bridge engineer (b. 1806)
- August 31 – Mary Ward, Irish scientist and the first car accident victim (b. 1827)
- September 4 – John Pascoe Fawkner, Australian pioneer, settler and politician, Melbourne, Victoria (b. 1792)
- September 12 – Peter Mark Roget, British lexicographer (b. 1779)
- October 8 – Franklin Pierce, 14th President of the United States (b. 1804)
- October 13 – Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804)
- October 23 – Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1799)
- December 8 – Narcisa de Jesús Martillo, an Ecuadorian saint (b. 1832)
- December 18 – Louis Moreau Gottschalk, American composer and pianist (b. 1829)
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