1878 in science
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The year 1878 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Astronomy
- English astronomer Richard A. Proctor describes the Zone of Avoidance, the area of the night sky that is obscured by our own galaxy, for the first time.
[edit] Biology
[edit] Conservation
- An Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom places Epping Forest in the care of the City of London Corporation to remain unenclosed.
[edit] Exploration
- June 22 - Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld sets out on the year-long first navigation of the Northern Sea Route, the shipping lane from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean along the Siberian coast.
[edit] Geology
- Clarence King publishes Systematic Geology.
- Charles Lapworth publishes his analysis of the change in graptolite fossils through sequences of exposed shales in southern Scotland, establishing the importance of using graptolites to understand stratigraphic sequences.[2]
[edit] Medicine
- Ádám Politzer publishes Lehrbuch der Ohrenheilkunde, a major otology textbook.[3]
- Dentists Act in the United Kingdom limits the title of "dentist" and "dental surgeon" to qualified and registered practitioners.[4]
[edit] Meteorology
- February 11 - The first weekly weather report is published in the United Kingdom.
[edit] Paleontology
- 31 Iguanodon skeletons are discovered in a coal mine at Bernissart, Belgium.
[edit] Technology
- February 19 - The phonograph is patented by Thomas Edison.
- October 14 - The world's first recorded floodlit football fixture is played at Bramall Lane in Sheffield.
- August - Cleopatra's Needle is raised onto its base in London.
- December 18 - Joseph Swan of Newcastle upon Tyne in England announces his invention of an incandescent light bulb.[5]
- December 31 - Karl Benz produces a two-stroke gas engine.
- William Crookes invents the Crookes tube which produces cathode rays.[6]
- Lester Allan Pelton produces the first operational Pelton wheel.[7]
[edit] Institutions
- October 1 - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University opens as Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in the United States.
[edit] Awards
- Copley Medal: Jean Baptiste Boussingault
- Wollaston Medal for Geology: Thomas Wright
[edit] Births
- January 1 - A. K. Erlang, Danish mathematician (d. 1929)
- January 7 - Samuel James Cameron, Scottish obstetrician (d. 1959)
- January 25 - Ernst Alexanderson, Swedish-born television pioneer (d. 1975)
- February 5 - André Citroën, French automobile manufacturer (d. 1935)
- February 8 - Martin Buber, Austrian philosopher (d. 1965)
- February 28 - Pierre Fatou, French mathematician (d. 1929)
- March 4 - Peter D. Ouspensky, Russian philosopher (d. 1947)
- April 16 - Owen Thomas Jones, Welsh geologist (d. 1967)
- May 3 - Cruz Hernández, El Salvadorian oldest person (not fully verified) (d. 2007)
- June 3 - Barney Oldfield, American automobile racer and pioneer (d. 1946)
- June 12 - James Oliver Curwood, American novelist and conservationist (d. 1927)
- July 12 - Peeter Põld, Estonian politician and pedagogical scientist (d. 1930)
- August 28 - George Whipple, American winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1976)
- September 5 - Robert von Lieben, Austrian physicist (d. 1913)
- September 13 - Matilde Moisant, American pilot (d. 1964)
- November 26 - Marshall "Major" Taylor, American cyclist (d. 1932)
- December 25 - Louis Chevrolet, Swiss-born race driver and automobile builder (d. 1941)
- December 25 - Joseph Schenck, Russian-born film executive (d. 1962)
[edit] Deaths
- January 18 - William Stokes, Irish physician (b. 1804)
- January 18 - Antoine César Becquerel, French scientist (b. 1788)
- January 19 - Henri Victor Regnault, French physical chemist (b. 1810)
- February 8 - Elias Magnus Fries, Swedish botanist (b. 1794)
- February 10 - Claude Bernard, French physiologist (b. 1813)
- February 26 - Angelo Secchi, Italian astronomer (b. 1818)
- March 16 - William Banting, English undertaker and dietician (b. c.1796)
- May 13 - Joseph Henry, American physicist (b. 1797)
- June 6 - Robert Stirling, Scottish clergyman and inventor (b. 1790)
- July 23 - Baron Carl von Rokitansky, Bohemian pathologist (b. 1804)
[edit] References
- ^ "V muzeu Emila Holuba se ukrýval kapský lev" (in Czech). Novinky.cz. 2009-05-22. http://www.novinky.cz/domaci/169450-v-muzeu-emila-holuba-se-ukryval-kapsky-lev.html. Retrieved 2011-08-26.
- ^ "Dob's Linn". Scottish Geology. http://www.scottishgeology.com/outandabout/classic_sites/locations/dobs_linn.html. Retrieved 2011-04-07.
- ^ Mudry, A. (2000). "The Role of Adam Politzer in the History of Otology". American Journal of Otology 21: 753–763.
- ^ Gelbier, Stanley (2005). "125 Years of Developments in Dentistry". British Dental Journal 199 (7): 470–473. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4812875. PMID 16215593. http://www.nature.com/bdj/journal/v199/n7/full/4812875a.html. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
- ^ van Dulken, Stephen (2001). Inventing the 19th Century: the great age of Victorian inventions. London: British Library. p. 80. ISBN 0-7123-0881-4.
- ^ The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. ISBN 1-85986-000-1.
- ^ "Miners Foundry – Allans Machine Shop Founded 1856". Historical Marker Database. http://www.hmdb.org/Marker.asp?Marker=12863. Retrieved 2011-09-03.
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