1884
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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 18th century – 19th century – 20th century |
| Decades: | 1850s 1860s 1870s – 1880s – 1890s 1900s 1910s |
| Years: | 1881 1882 1883 – 1884 – 1885 1886 1887 |
| 1884 in topic: |
| Subjects: Archaeology – Architecture – |
| Art – Literature (Poetry) – Music – Science |
| Sports – Rail Transport |
| Countries: Australia – Canada – France – Germany – Ireland – Mexico – Netherlands – New Zealand – Norway – South Africa – Spain – UK – USA |
| Leaders: State leaders – Colonial governors |
| Category: Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Births – Deaths – Works |
1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar).
Contents |
[edit] Events of 1884
[edit] January–March
- January 4 – The Fabian Society is founded in London.
- January 5 – Princess Ida premieres at the Savoy Theatre.
- January 18 – Dr William Price attempts to cremate the body of his infant son, Iesu Grist (Jesus Christ) Price, setting a legal precedent for cremation in the U.K.
- February 1 – The first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary is published.
- February 7 – The Diocese of Madrid-Alcalá is founded.
- March 13 – The siege of Khartoum, Sudan begins (ends on January 26, 1885).
[edit] April–June
- April 22 – The Colchester earthquake, England, the UK's most destructive, occurs.
- May 1 – The eight-hour workday is first proclaimed by the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions in the United States. May 1, called May Day or Labour Day, is now a holiday recognized in almost every industrialized country.
- June 4 – The Estonian flag is consecrated as the flag of the Estonian Students Society.
[edit] July–September
- July 5 – Germany takes possession of Cameroon.
- July 23 – Today's Courier records the first tennis tournaments held on the grounds of Shrubland Hall, Leamington Spa, England.
- August 5 – The cornerstone for the Statue of Liberty is laid on Bedloe's Island in New York Harbor.
- August 10 – A severe earthquake, magnitude 5.5, (intensity VII) occurs off the northeast Atlantic coast. The area affected extends from central Virginia to southern Maine, and west as far as Cleveland.
- September 5 – Staten Island Academy is founded.
[edit] October–December
- October – International Meridian Conference in Washington, D.C. fixes the Greenwich meridian as the world's prime meridian.
- October 6 – The United States Naval War College is established in Newport, Rhode Island.
- October 18 – The University of Wales, Bangor (UK) is founded.
- October 18 – The Upper Thames Sailing Club, Bourne End United Kingdom is founded.
- October 22 – The first woman receives a degree from the Royal University of Ireland.
- November 1 – The Irish Gaelic Athletic Association is founded in Thurles, Ireland.
- November 2 – Timişoara is the first town of Europe with streets illuminated by electric light.
- November 4 – United States presidential election, 1884: Democrat Grover Cleveland defeats Republican James G. Blaine in a very close contest to win the first of his non-consecutive terms.
- November 15 – The Berlin Conference which regulates European colonisation and trade in Africa begins (ends February 26, 1885).
- December 1 – American Old West: Near Frisco, New Mexico, deputy sheriff Elfego Baca holds off a gang of 80 Texan cowboys who want to kill him for arresting cowboy Charles McCarthy (the cowboys were terrorizing the area's Hispanos and Baca was working against them).
- December 6 – The Washington Monument is completed.
- December 16 – The World Cotton Centennial World's Fair opens in New Orleans, Louisiana.
[edit] Undated
- The Stefan-Boltzmann law is reformulated by Ludwig Boltzmann.
- Mexican General Manuel Mondragón creates the Mondragón Rifle the worlds first automatic rifle.
- Mark Twain publishes The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
- The first ascent is made of Castle Mountain by geologist Arthur Philemon Coleman.
- The water hyacinth is introduced in the U.S. and quickly becomes an invasive species.
- Parliamentarism is introduced in Norway.
- The Yellow Crane Tower last burns in Wuhan.
- The Derby County Football Club is formed.
- The Leicester City Football Club is formed.
- The Third Reform Act gives the vote to almost every adult male in England.
- 1884–1885 – France conquers Vietnam.
- Police training schools are established in every prefecture in Japan.
- Reformers in Korea who admire the Meiji Restoration in Japan stage a coup with Japan's help. China intervens to rescue the king and help suppress the rebels. Afterward both China and Japan agree to withdraw their troops and military advisers.
- The first Christian missionary arrives in Korea.
- Depression (economics) in the USA.
[edit] Births
| Gregorian calendar | 1884 MDCCCLXXXIV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2637 |
| Armenian calendar | 1333 ԹՎ ՌՅԼԳ |
| Bahá'í calendar | 40 – 41 |
| Bengali calendar | 1291 |
| Berber calendar | 2834 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2428 |
| Burmese calendar | 1246 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7392 – 7393 |
| Chinese calendar | 癸未年十二月初四日 (4520/4580-12-4) — to —
甲申年十一月十五日(4521/4581-11-15) |
| Coptic calendar | 1600 – 1601 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1876 – 1877 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5644 – 5645 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1939 – 1940 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1806 – 1807 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4985 – 4986 |
| Holocene calendar | 11884 |
| Iranian calendar | 1262 – 1263 |
| Islamic calendar | 1301 – 1302 |
| Japanese calendar | Meiji 17 (明治17年) |
| Korean calendar | 4217 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2427 |
[edit] January–June
- January 2 – Ben-Zion Dinur, Russian-born Israeli educator, historian and politician (d. 1973)
- January 12 – Texas Guinan, American vaudeville performer (d. 1933)
- January 13 – Sophie Tucker, Russian-born singer and comedian (d. 1966)
- January 21 – Roger Nash Baldwin, American social activist (d. 1981)
- January 23 – Ralph DePalma, Italian-born race car driver (d. 1956)
- January 28 – Auguste Piccard, Swiss physicist, balloonist, and inventor (d. 1962)
- January 30 – Kamiyama Sojin, Japanese actor in American silent films, (d. 1954)
- January 31 – Theodor Heuss, German politician and publicist (d. 1963)
- February 1 – Bradbury Robinson, who threw the first forward pass in American football history in 1906 (d. 1949)
- February 10 – Frederick Hawksworth, GWR chief mechanical engineer (d. 1976)
- February 12
- Max Beckmann, German painter and graphic artist (d. 1950)
- Marie Vassilieff, Russian artist (d. 1957)
- Johan Laidoner, seminal figure of Estonian history between the World Wars (d.1953)
- February 13 – Alfred Carlton Gilbert, American athlete and inventor (d. 1961)
- February 16 – Robert J. Flaherty, American filmmaker (d. 1951)
- February 18 – Andrew Watson Myles, Canadian politician (d. 1970)
- February 22 – Abe Attell, American boxer (d. 1970)
- March 6 – R. Williams Parry, Welsh poet (d. 1956)
- March 13 – Sir Hugh Walpole, English novelist (d. 1941)
- March 17 – Alcide Nunez, American jazz musician (d. 1934)
- March 24 – Peter Debye, Dutch chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1966)
- March 25 – Georges Imbert, Alsatian chemist (d. 1950)
- March 26 – Wilhelm Backhaus, German pianist (d. 1969)
- March 27 – James Cruze, American motion picture director (d. 1942)
- April 4 – Isoroku Yamamoto, Japanese naval commander (d. 1943)
- April 6 – Walter Huston, American actor (d. 1950)
- April 12
- Otto Fritz Meyerhof, German-born physician and biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1951)
- Tenby Davies, Welsh half-mile world champion runner (d. 1932)
- May 1 – Henry Norwest, Canadian World War I sniper (d. 1918)
- May 8 – Harry S. Truman, 33rd President of the United States (d. 1972)
- May 10 – Olga Petrova, English-born actress (d. 1977)
- May 14 – Claudius Dornier, German aircraft designer (d. 1969)
- May 21 – Manuel Pérez y Curis, Uruguayan poet (b. 1920)
- May 27 – Max Brod, Austrian author (d. 1968)
- May 28 – Edvard Beneš, Czechoslovak politician (d. 1948)
[edit] July–December
- July 12 – Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1920)
- July 15 – Phraya Manopakorn Nititada, Thailand's first Prime Minister (d. 1948)
- July 18 – Alberto di Jorio, former head of the Vatican Bank and secretary of the 1958 conclave (d. 1979)
- July 23 – Emil Jannings, Swiss actor (d. 1950)
- August 8 – Sara Teasdale, American poet (d. 1933)
- August 10 – Robert G. Fowler, American pioneer aviator (d. 1966)
- August 10 – Panait Istrati, Romanian writer (d. 1935)
- August 15 – Mary Nash, American actress (d. 1976)
- August 23 – Will Cuppy, American humorist (d. 1949)
- August 30 – Theodor Svedberg, Swedish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
- September 17 – Charles Tomlinson Griffes, American composer (d. 1920)
- September 24
- İsmet İnönü, Turkish soldier, statesman and the second President of Turkey (d. 1973)
- September 24 – Hugo Schmeisser, German weapons designer (d. 1953)
- September 30 – Bessie Barriscale, Amerian actress (d. 1965)
- October 7 – Major Harold Geiger, U.S. Army aviation pioneer (d. 1927)
- October 11
- Friedrich Bergius, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1949)
- Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady of the United States (d. 1962)
- October 16 – Rembrandt Bugatti, Italian sculptor (d. 1916)
- October 28 – William Douglas Cook, founder of Eastwoodhill Arboretum and Pukeiti (New Zealand) (d. 1967)
- November 20 – Norman Thomas, American social reformer (d. 1968)
- November 22 – Syed Sulaiman Nadvi, Indian/Pakistani historian, biographer, littérateur and scholar of Islam (d. 1953)
- December 3 – Walther Stampfli, member of the Swiss Federal Council (d. 1965)
- December 25 – Evelyn Nesbit, model & actress, (d. 1967)
- December 30 – Tojo Hideki, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1948)
- date unknown
- M. Louise Gross, American politician and lobbyist (d. 1951)
- Richard Spikes, African American inventor (d. 1962)
[edit] Deaths
[edit] January–June
- January 6 – Gregor Mendel, Czech geneticist (b. 1822)
- January 25 – Johann Gottfried Piefke, German conductor and composer (b. 1815)
- March 1 – Isaac Todhunter, English mathematician (b. 1820)
- March 13 – Leland Stanford, Jr., in memory of whom Stanford University was founded (b. 1868).
- March 21 – Ezra Abbot, American Bible scholar (b. 1819)
- March 30 – Hans Hampel, Czech composer and pianist (b. 1922)
- April 4 – Marie Bashkirtseff, Russian artist (b. 1858)
- April 6 – Emanuel Geibel, poet and dramatist (b. 1815)
- April 24 – Marie Taglioni, ballerina (b. 1804)
- May 12 – Bedřich Smetana, Czech composer (b. 1824)
- May 13 – Cyrus McCormick, American inventor (b. 1809)
- June 19 – Juan Bautista Alberdi, Argentine politician, writer and main Constitution promoter (b. 1810)
- June 25 – Hans Rott, Austrian composer (b. 1858)
[edit] July–December
- July 1 – Allan Pinkerton, American detective (b. 1819)
- July 10 – Paul Morphy, American chess player (b. 1837)
- July 15 – Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley, diplomat (b. 1804)
- October 4 – Leona Florentino, Filipina poet (b. 1849)
- October 16 – Bernice Pauahi Bishop, Hawaiian ali‘i (b. 1831)
- October 18 – William VIII, Duke of Brunswick (b. 1806)
- November 16 – František Chvostek, Moravian physician (b. 1835)
- November 25 – Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe, German chemist (b. 1818)
- December 1 – William Swainson (lawyer), second, and last, Attorney-General (New Zealand) of the Crown Colony of New Zealand (b. 1809)
- December 20 – Domenico Consolini, Roman Catholic Cardinal (b. 1806)
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- See also Category: 1884 deaths.
