1885 in science
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The year 1885 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Astronomy
- August 20 - Ernst Hartwig discovers S Andromedae, a supernova in the Andromeda galaxy, the first supernova discovered beyond the Milky Way.
[edit] Biology
- The genus Plasmodium is described by Ettore Marchiafava and Angelo Celli.
- The bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) is discovered by Theodor Escherich.[1]
[edit] Chemistry
- Carl Auer von Welsbach patents his first incandescent gas mantle.
[edit] Earth sciences
- Eduard Suess begins publication in Vienna of his Das Antlitz der Erde[2] setting out his theory of eustasy, the existence of the former supercontinent Gondwana, and his pioneering concepts in ecology.
[edit] Medicine
- July 6 - Louis Pasteur successfully tests his vaccine against rabies. The patient is Joseph Meister, a boy bitten by a rabid dog.
- Georges Gilles de la Tourette publishes an account of nine patients with what will become known as Tourette syndrome.[3]
[edit] Physics
- Johann Balmer publishes an empirical mathematical formula for the visible spectral lines of the hydrogen atom.[4][5]
[edit] Psychology
- Hermann Ebbinghaus publishes Über das Gedächtnis ("On Memory", later translated as Memory: a Contribution to Experimental Psychology).
[edit] Technology
- April 3 - Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for his single-cylinder water-cooled engine design.
- September 30 - Tolbert Lanston makes his first application for a United States patent on a typesetting system which includes the basic Monotype System keyboard.
- Autumn - Karl Benz produces the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, regarded as the first automobile (patented and publicly launched the following January).[6]
- Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach produce the Daimler Reitwagen, regarded as the first motorcycle.[7][8][9]
- John Kemp Starley demonstrates the Rover safety bicycle, regarded as the first practical modern bicycle.[10]
- The first, not yet practical, form of gyrocompass is patented by Marinus Gerardus van den Bos.[11]
- Completion of the Home Insurance Building in Chicago, designed by William Le Baron Jenney. With ten floors and a fireproof weight-bearing metal frame, it is regarded as the first skyscraper.[12]
- Completion of Sway Tower in Hampshire, England, designed by Andrew Peterson using concrete made with Portland cement. It remains the world's tallest non-reinforced concrete structure.[13][14]
[edit] Awards
[edit] Births
- January 24 - Marjory Stephenson (d. 1948), English biochemist
- January 26 - Harry Ricardo (d. 1974), English mechanical engineer
- June 2 - Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt (d. 1964), German neuropathologist
- August 1 - George de Hevesy (d. 1966), Hungarian Nobel laureate in chemistry
- October 7 - Niels Bohr (d. 1962), Danish physicist
- October 23 - Jan Czochralski (d. 1953), Polish discoverer of the Czochralski process for growing crystals
- November 7 - Sabina Spielrein (k. 1942), Russian psychoanalyst
- November 9 - Hermann Weyl (d. 1955), German mathematician
- December 2 - George Minot (d. 1950), American Nobel laureate in physiology
[edit] Deaths
- June 12 - Fleeming Jenkin (b. 1833), English engineer
- November 26 - Thomas Andrews (b. 1813), Irish chemist
[edit] References
- ^ Feng, P.; Weagant, S.; Grant, M. (2002-09-01). "Enumeration of Escherichia coli and the Coliform Bacteria". Bacteriological Analytical Manual. FDA/Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition. http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~ebam/bam-4.html. Retrieved 2011-06-03.
- ^ 1885-1908, 3 vols in 4. OCLC 2903551.
- ^ Gilles de la Tourette (1885). "Etude sur une affection nerveuse charactérisée par de l'incoordination motrice accompagnée d'écholalie et de coprolalie (jumping, latah, myriachit)". Archives de neurologie (Paris) 9: 19–42. http://web2.bium.univ-paris5.fr/livanc/?cote=epo0383&do=livre. Retrieved 2011-04-11.
- ^ Magie, William Francis (1969). A Source Book in Physics. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. p. 360.
- ^ O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F. (2000). "Johann Jakob Balmer". MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. University of St Andrews. http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Balmer.html. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ^ Benz, Carl Friedrich (1925). Lebensfahrt eines deutschen erfinders; erinnerungen eines achtzigjahrigen. Leipzig: Koehler & Amelang.
- ^ Gardiner, Mark (1997). Classic motorcycles. MetroBooks. p. 16. ISBN 1567994601.
- ^ Brown, Roland (2005). The Ultimate History of Fast Motorcycles. Bath: Parragon. p. 6. ISBN 1405454660.
- ^ Wilson, Hugo (1993). The Ultimate Motorcycle Book. Dorling Kindersley. pp. 8–9. ISBN 1564583031.
- ^ "Icons of Invention: Rover safety bicycle, 1885". Making the Modern World. Science Museum (London). http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1880-1939/IC.025/. Retrieved 2011-06-27.
- ^ Galison, Peter (1987). How Experiments End. University of Chicago Press. pp. 34–37. ISBN 9780226279152. http://books.google.com/books?id=DN-9m2jSo8YC&pg=PA37. Retrieved 2012-02-18.
- ^ "Home Insurance Building". SkyscraperPage. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=10370. Retrieved 2011-06-27.
- ^ James, J. (1997). All about Sway Tower. Lymington: Lymington Museum Trust.
- ^ Trout, Edwin (October 2002). "Sway Tower: an early example of high-rise concrete construction". Concrete: 64–5.
