1889 in science
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The year 1889 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Biology
- Walter Heape successfully breeds rabbits from fertilised ova transferred from the biological mother to the uterus of an animal of a different breed.[1]
[edit] Chemistry
- Frederick Abel and James Dewar patent cordite.
- Svante Arrhenius provides a physical explanation for the Arrhenius equation on the reaction rate constant.[2]
[edit] History of science
- Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld publishes the Facsimile-Atlas to the Early History of Cartography in Stockholm.
[edit] Mathematics
- Giuseppe Peano publishes Arithmetices principia, nova methodo exposita ("The principles of arithmetic presented by a new method") containing the Peano axioms for the natural numbers.
[edit] Medicine
- May - Johns Hopkins Hospital opens in Baltimore, Maryland, with senior founding staff comprising pathologist William Henry Welch, surgeon William Stewart Halsted, gynecologist Howard Atwood Kelly and internist William Osler, who originates the concept of a residency for training junior doctors.[3]
- Influenza pandemic originates in Russia.
[edit] Technology
- January 8 - Herman Hollerith receives a patent in the United States for his electric tabulating machine.[4]
- March 12 - Almon B. Strowger files a patent in the United States for an automatic telephone exchange.[5]
- May 6 - The Eiffel Tower opens in Paris.
- June 3 - The first long distance electric power transmission line in the United States is completed, running 14 miles (23 km) between a generator at Willamette Falls and downtown Portland, Oregon.
- An early method of high-voltage direct current transmission as developed by Swiss engineer René Thury[6] is implemented commercially in Italy by the Acquedotto de Ferrari-Galliera company. This system transmits 630 kW at 14 kV DC over a distance of 120 km.[7][8]
[edit] Awards
- Copley Medal: George Salmon
- Wollaston Medal for Geology: Thomas George Bonney
[edit] Births
- January 17 - Ralph H. Fowler (d. 1944), British physicist and astronomer.
- April 21 - Paul Karrer (d. 1971), Swiss winner of Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
- May 18 - Thomas Midgley, Jr. (d. 1944), American chemist and inventor.
- June 4 - Beno Gutenberg (d. 1960), seismologist.
- July 18 - Axel Boëthius (d. 1969), Swedish archeologist of Etruscan culture.
- August 1 - Walter Gerlach (d. 1979), German physicist.
- August 7 - Léon Brillouin (d. 1969), French physicist.
- November 20 - Edwin Hubble (d. 1953), American astronomer.
- December 21 - Sewall Wright (d. 1988), American geneticist.
[edit] Deaths
- March 16 - Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel (b. 1821), German astronomer.
- July 30 - Miles Joseph Berkeley (b. 1803), English botanist.
- August 21 (O.S. August 9) - Nikolai Annenkov (b. 1819), Russian botanist.
- October 11 - James Joule (b. 1818), English physicist.
[edit] References
- ^ Heape, Walter (1890). "Preliminary Note on the Transplantation and Growth of Mammalian Ova within a Uterine Foster-Mother". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 48: 457–8. JSTOR 115017.
- ^ Arrhenius equation - IUPAC Goldbook definition.
- ^ "Johns Hopkins Medicine: The Four Founding Professors". http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/about/history/history5.html.
- ^ US patent 395782, Herman Hollerith, "Art of compiling statistics", issued 1889-01-08
- ^ Hill, Roger B. (March 1953). "The Early Years of the Strowger System". Bell Laboratories Record 31 (3): 95–103. http://www.privateline.com/Switching/EarlyYears.html. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
- ^ Beaty, Donald et al. (1978). Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers (11th ed.). McGraw Hill.
- ^ [2012-01-23 "History of Electrical Systems and Cables"]. 2012-01-23.
- ^ Black, R. M. (1983). The History of Electric Wires and Cables. London: Peter Perigrinus. pp. 94–96. ISBN 0-86341-001-4.
