1902 in science

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The year 1902 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Aeronautics

• May 15 - Lyman Gilmore claims to have flown his steam-powered fixed-wing aircraft, although his proof was supposedly destroyed in a 1935 fire.

Chemistry

• Auguste Verneuil develops the Verneuil process for making synthetic rubies.

Earth sciences

• Eruption of Mount Pelée in Martinique.

Exploration

• December 30 - Discovery Expedition: Scott, Shackleton and Wilson reach the furthest southern point reached thus far by man, south of 82°S.

Genetics

• Walter Sutton (in the United States) and Theodor Boveri (in Germany) independently develop the Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory, explaining the mechanism underlying the laws of Mendelian inheritance by identifying chromosomes as the carriers of genetic material.

History of science

• May 17 - Archaeologist Valerios Stais identifies the Antikythera mechanism, now considered to be the oldest known analog computer.

Mathematics

• June 16 - Bertrand Russell writes to Gottlob Frege informing him of the problem in naive set theory that will become known as Russell's paradox.
• Henri Lebesgue introduces the theory of Lebesgue integration.

Medicine

• January 1 - Nurses Registration Act 1901 comes into effect in New Zealand, making it the first country in the world to require state registration of nurses. On January 10, Ellen Dougherty becomes the world's first registered nurse.

Paleontology

• Remains of the second Tyrannosaurus rex specimen, the first recognized as such, are excavated by Barnum Brown.

Physics

• Oliver Heaviside and Arthur E. Kennelly independently predict the existence of what will become known as the Kennelly-Heaviside Layer of the ionosphere.
• James Jeans finds the length scale required for gravitational perturbations to grow in a static nearly homogeneous medium.
• Philipp Lenard observes that maximum photoelectron energies are independent of illuminating intensity but depend on frequency.
• Gilbert N. Lewis develops the cubical atom atomic model.
• Theodor Svedberg suggests that fluctuations in molecular bombardment cause the Brownian motion.

Physiology

• William Bayliss and Ernest Starling make the first discovery of a hormone, secretin.

Psychology

• Vienna Psychoanalytic Society begins to meet as the Wednesday Psychological Society in Sigmund Freud's apartment.

Technology

• First Vierendeel bridge built, across the Scheldt at Avelgem in Belgium.

Zoology

• October - First Mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) discovered by Captain Robert von Beringe in German East Africa.

Awards

• Nobel Prizes
  • Physics - Hendrik Lorentz, Pieter Zeeman
  • Chemistry - Hermann Emil Fischer
  • Medicine - Ronald Ross
• June 26 - First recipients of the Order of Merit in the United Kingdom include
  • Lord Rayleigh
  • Lord Kelvin
  • Lord Lister
  • Sir William Huggins

Births

• February 10 - Walter Houser Brattain (d. 1987), American physicist.
• February 16 - Zhang Yuzhe (d. 1986), Chinese astronomer.
• August 8 - Paul Dirac (d. 1984), English physicist.

Deaths

• March 6 - Moritz Kaposi (b. 1837), dermatologist.
• April 12 - Alfred Cornu (b. 1841), physicist.
• May 26 - Almon Strowger (b. 1839), telecommunications engineer.
• September 5 - Rudolf Virchow (b. 1821), pathologist and biologist.
• November 12 - William Henry Barlow (b. 1812), railway civil engineer.
• December 22 - Richard von Krafft-Ebing (b. 1840), sexologist.
• Vasily Dokuchaev (b. 1845), geologist.