1906 in science
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The year 1906 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Chemistry
- Charles Barkla discovers that each element has a characteristic X-ray and that the degree of penetration of these X-rays is related to the atomic weight of the element.
- Mikhail Tsvet first names the chromatography technique for organic compound separation, in the course of demonstrating that chlorophyll is not a single chemical compound.[1][2]
[edit] Geology
- April 18 - The San Francisco earthquake, an estimated 7.9 on the Richter scale and centered on the San Andreas fault, strikes near San Francisco, California. The earthquake and fire destroy over 80% of the buildings in the city, and kill as many as 6,000 people.
- Richard Oldham argues that the Earth has a molten interior.[3]
[edit] Mathematics
- Andrey Markov produces his first theories on Markov chain processes.
[edit] Medicine
- September - Last death from yellow fever in the Panama Canal Zone following a mosquito eradication program led by William C. Gorgas.[4]
- November 3 - A speech given by Alois Alzheimer for the first time presents the pathology and clinical symptoms of pre-senile dementia together;[5][6] the condition will rapidly become known as Alzheimer's disease.[7]
- BCG (Bacilli-Calmette-Guerin) immunization for Tuberculosis first developed.
- Transmission of dengue fever by the Aedes mosquito is confirmed.[8]
- Frederick Hopkins suggests the existence of vitamins and suggests that a lack of them causes scurvy and rickets.
- Clemens Peter von Pirquet, with Béla Schick, coins the term "allergy" to describe hypersensitive reactions.
- Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, is completed, the first such air conditioned building in the world.
[edit] Physics
- Walther Nernst presents a formulation of the third law of thermodynamics.
[edit] Technology
- February 10 - Launch of battleship HMS Dreadnought.
- October 18 - German inventor Arthur Korn demonstrates the transmission of a photograph electronically over a distance of 1800 km[9] using his Bildetelegraph or phototelautograph system.
- December 24 - Reginald Fessenden makes the first radio broadcast, including a musical recording, a violin solo, and readings, from Brant Rock, Massachusetts.
[edit] Events
- November 12 - First displays of the Deutsches Museum open to the public in Munich.
[edit] Publications
- African Invertebrates begins publication as Annals of the Natal Government Museum; it will be continuing publication more than a century later.
[edit] Awards
[edit] Births
- January 10 - Grigore Moisil (d. 1973), mathematician.
- January 11 - Albert Hofmann, (d. 2008) chemist.
- February 3 - George Adamson (d. 1989), wildlife conservationist.
- February 4 - Clyde Tombaugh (d. 1997), astronomer.
- February 18 - Hans Asperger (d. 1980), pediatrician.
- April 28 - Kurt Gödel (d. 1978), mathematician.
- June 13 - Bruno de Finetti (d. 1985), statistician.
- July 2 - Hans Bethe (d. 2005), Nobel Prize Physicist.
- August 19 - Philo T. Farnsworth (d. 1971), television pioneer.
- September 4 - Max Delbrück (d. 1981), biologist.
- October 2 - Willy Ley (d. 1969), scientific populariser.
- November 3 - Carl Benjamin Boyer (d. 1976), historian of mathematics.
- November 5 - Fred Lawrence Whipple (d. 2004), American astronomer who coined the term "dirty snowball" to explain the nature of comets.
- December 9 - Grace Hopper (d. 1992), American computer scientist.
- December 25 - Ernst Ruska (d. 1988), German Nobel Prize Physicist.
[edit] Deaths
- January 13 (Old Style December 31, 1905) - Alexander Stepanovich Popov (b. 1859), Russian physicist.
- February 27 - Samuel Pierpont Langley (b. 1834), American astronomer.
- March 8 - Henry Baker Tristram (b. 1822), English ornithologist.
- April 19 - Pierre Curie (born 1859), French winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
- July 5 - Paul Drude (b. 1863), German physicist.
- September 5 - Ludwig Boltzmann (b. 1844), Austrian physicist.
[edit] References
- ^ Tswett, Mikhail (1906). "Physikalisch-Chemische Studien über das Chlorophyll: Die Adsorption". Berichte der Deutschen botanischen Gesellschaft 24: 316–326.
- ^ Tswett, Mikhail (1906). "Adsorptionanalyse und chromatographische Methode: Anwendung auf die Chemie des Chlorophylls". Berichte der Deutschen botanischen Gesellschaft 24: 384–393.
- ^ Bragg, William (1936). "Tribute to Deceased Fellows of the Royal Society". Science 84 (2190): 544. doi:10.1126/science.84.2190.539. PMID 17834950.
- ^ Porter, Roy (1997). The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: a medical history of humanity from antiquity to the present. London: HarperCollins. p. 474. ISBN 0-00-215173-1.
- ^ Alzheimer, Alois (1907). "Über eine eigenartige Erkrankung der Hirnrinde". Allgemeine Zeitschrift fur Psychiatrie und Psychisch-Gerichtlich Medizin 64 (1–2): 146–148.
- ^ Maurer, Konrad; Ulrike (2003). Alzheimer: the Life of a Physician and Career of a Disease. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-11896-1.
- ^ Berchtold, N. C.; Cotman, C. W. (1998). "Evolution in the conceptualization of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Greco-Roman period to the 1960s". Neurobiology of Aging 19 (3): 173–89. doi:10.1016/S0197-4580(98)00052-9. PMID 9661992. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197458098000529. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
- ^ Bancroft, T. L. (1906). "On the aetiology of dengue fever". Australian Medical Gazette 25: 17–18.
- ^ "17.10.1906: First Photoelectric Fax Transmission". Deutsche Welle. 2012-01-04. http://www.todayinhistory.de/index.php?what=thmanu&manu_id=1617&tag=17&monat=10&year=2009&dayisset=1&lang=en.
