1911

This article is about the year 1911. For the film, see 1911 (film). For the pistol, see M1911 pistol.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	19th century – 20th century – 21st century
Decades:	1880s  1890s  1900s  – 1910s –  1920s  1930s  1940s
Years:	1908 1909 1910 – 1911 – 1912 1913 1914

1911 by topic:

Subject

Archaeology Architecture Art Aviation Awards Comics Film Literature (Poetry) Meteorology Music Rail transport Radio Science Sports Television

By country

Australia Canada China Ecuador France Germany Greece India Ireland Italy Japan Malaya Mexico New Zealand Norway Ottoman Syria Philippines Russia Singapore South Africa UK USA

Leaders

Sovereign states State leaders Religious leaders Law

Birth and death categories

Births Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments Disestablishments

Works and introductions categories

Works Introductions

1911 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1911 MCMXI
Ab urbe condita	2664
Armenian calendar	1360 ԹՎ ՌՅԿ
Assyrian calendar	6661
Bahá'í calendar	67–68
Bengali calendar	1318
Berber calendar	2861
British Regnal year	10 Edw. 7 – 1 Geo. 5
Buddhist calendar	2455
Burmese calendar	1273
Byzantine calendar	7419–7420
Chinese calendar	庚戌年十二月初一日 (4547/4607-12-1) — to — 辛亥年十一月十二日 (4548/4608-11-12)
Coptic calendar	1627–1628
Ethiopian calendar	1903–1904
Hebrew calendar	5671–5672
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1967–1968
- Shaka Samvat	1833–1834
- Kali Yuga	5012–5013
Holocene calendar	11911
Iranian calendar	1289–1290
Islamic calendar	1329–1330
Japanese calendar	Meiji 44 (明治44年)
Korean calendar	4244
Minguo calendar	1 before ROC 民前1年
Thai solar calendar	2454

Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar.

Events

January

Main article: January 1911

• January 18 – Eugene B. Ely lands on the deck of the USS Pennsylvania stationed in San Francisco harbor, marking the first time an aircraft lands on a ship.
• January 21 – The first Monte Carlo races (Rallye Automobile Monte Carlo) are held.

February

Main article: February 1911

• February 18 – The first official air mail flight takes place from Allahabad, India to Naini, India, when Henri Pequet carries 6,500 letters a distance of 13 km.

March

Main article: March 1911

• March 19 – International Women's Day is celebrated for the first time.
• March 25 – A fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in New York City kills 146.
• March 29 – The United States Army adopts a new service pistol, the M1911. It remains the US service pistol for 74 years.

April

Main article: April 1911

• April 8 – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovers Superconductivity
• April 13 – Mexican Revolution: Rebels take Agua Prieta on the Sonora–Arizona border; government troops take the town back April 17 when the rebel leader "Red" López is drunk.
• April 19 – Mexican Revolution: Francisco I. Madero's troops besiege Ciudad Juárez but General Juan J. Navarro refuses his surrender demand.

May

Main article: May 1911

• May 8 – Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa launches an attack against government troops in Ciudad Juarez without Madero's permission; the government troops surrender on May 10.
• May 17 – Mexican Revolution: Porfirio Diaz is convinced to resign but does not do so yet.
• May 21 – Mexican Revolution: A peace treaty is signed between Madero' rebels and government troops in Ciudad Juarez.
• May 24 – Mexican Revolution: Government troops fire at anti-Diaz demonstrators in Mexico City, killing about 200 (officials claim only 40).
• May 25 – Mexican Revolution: Porfirio Diaz signs his resignation and leaves for Veracruz; on May 31 he leaves for exile in France.

June

Main article: June 1911

• June 7 – Mexican Revolution: Francisco Madero arrives in Mexico City just after a local earthquake.

July

Main article: July 1911

• July 1 – The presence of the German warship Panther in the Moroccan port of Agadir triggers the Agadir Crisis.
• July 24 – Hiram Bingham rediscovers Machu Picchu in Peru.

July 24: Machu Picchu is rediscovered.

August

Main article: August 1911

• August 22 – The theft of the Mona Lisa is discovered in the Louvre.

September

Main article: September 1911

• September 25 – The French Navy ship Liberté explodes at anchor in Toulon, France killing around 300 on both ship and the neighbouring area.
• September 29 – Italy declares war on Ottoman Empire.
• September 30 – The Austin Dam breaks, wiping out the town of Austin, Pennsylvania, United States, killing 78.

October

Main article: October 1911

• October 10 – The Wuchang Uprising starts the Xinhai Revolution that leads to the founding of the Republic of China.
• October 16 – Mexican Revolution: Felix Diaz, nephew of Porfirio Diaz, occupies the port of Veracruz as a sign of rebellion against Madero.

November

Main article: November 1911

• November 1 – World's first combat aerial bombing mission takes place in Libya during the Italo-Turkish War. Second Lieutenant Giulio Gavotti of Italy drops several small bombs.
• November 5 – Italy annexes Tripoli and Cyrenaica (this act is confirmed by an act of the Italian Parliament on February 25, 1912).

December

Main article: December 1911

• December – Delhi Durbar held to mark the coronation of King George V of the United Kingdom and Queen Mary as Emperor and Empress of India and the transfer of the capital of the British Raj from Calcutta to Delhi.
• December 14 – Roald Amundsen's expedition reaches the South Pole.
• December 18 – Opening of first exhibition by Der Blaue Reiter group of painters, in Munich.
• December 29 – Sun Yat-sen is elected the Provisional President of the Republic of China.

Date unknown

• The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition is published under American management in England by Cambridge University Press.
• New Zealand-born British physicist Ernest Rutherford deduces the existence of a compact atomic nucleus from scattering experiments.

Births

January–February

• January 1
  • Roman Totenberg, Polish-American violinist
  • Hank Greenberg, American baseball player (d. 1986)
• January 3 – John Sturges, American film director (d. 1982)
• January 5 – Jean-Pierre Aumont, French actor (d. 2001)
• January 7 – Butterfly McQueen, American actress (d. 1995)
• January 11 – Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2004)
• January 13 – Joh Bjelke-Petersen, Premier of Queensland (d. 2005)
• January 17 – George Joseph Stigler, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
• January 18 – José María Arguedas, Peruvian novelist, poet, and anthropologist (d. 1969)
• January 19
  • Ken Nelson, American record producer and music executive (d. 2008)
  • Choor Singh, former judge of the Supreme Court of Singapore (d. 2009)
• January 20 – Wendell J. Westcott, American carillonneur (d. 2010)
• January 22
  • Bruno Kreisky, Chancellor of Austria (d. 1990)
  • Mary Hayley Bell, English dramatist, wife of Sir John Mills (d 2005)
• January 24 – C. L. Moore, American writer (d. 1987)
• January 25 – Kurt Maetzig, German director
• January 26 – Polykarp Kusch, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
• January 28 – Johan van Hulst, Dutch politician
• January 29 – Peter von Siemens, German industrialist (d. 1986)
• January 30 – Roy Eldridge, American jazz musician (d. 1989)
• January 31 – Eddie Byrne, Irish actor (d. 1981)
• February 5 – Jussi Björling, Swedish tenor (d. 1960)
• February 6 – Ronald Reagan, actor and 40th President of the United States (d. 2004)
• February 8 – Elizabeth Bishop, American poet (d. 1979)
• February 11 – Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh (Carroll Daly), fifth president of Ireland (d. 1978)
• February 12 – Stephen H. Sholes, American recording executive (d. 1968)
• February 13 – Jean Muir, American actress (d. 1996)
• February 14
  • Willem Johan Kolff, Dutch inventor of hemodialysis (d. 2009)
  • Eduardo Serrano, Venezuelan musician and composer (d. 2008)
• February 17
  • Oskar Seidlin, Silesian-born Jewish-American literary scholar (d. 1984)
  • Orrin Tucker, American bandleader and composer (d. 2011)
• February 19 – Merle Oberon, British actress (d. 1979)
• February 28 – Otakar Vávra, Czech director (d. 2011)

March–April

• March 3 – Jean Harlow, American actress (d. 1937)
• March 6 – Nikolai Baibakov, Soviet statesman (d. 2008)
• March 8 – Alan Hovhaness, American composer (d. 2000)
• March 9 – Ebby Halliday, American realtor
• March 12 – Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Mexican president (d. 1979)
• March 13
  • L. Ron Hubbard, American science fiction author and founder of Scientology (d. 1986)
  • Marie Rudisill, American author and Fruitcake Lady (d. 2006)
• March 15 – Ursula Vaughan Williams, British author (d. 2007)
• March 16
  • Pierre Harmel, Belgian Prime Minister (d. 2009)
  • Josef Mengele, German Nazi war criminal (d. 1979)
• March 18 – Al Benton, American baseball player (d. 1968)
• March 20 – Alfonso García Robles, Mexican diplomat and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1991)
• March 24
  • Joseph Barbera, American cartoonist (d. 2006)
  • Jane Drew, English architect (d. 1996)
• March 25 – Jack Ruby, American killer of Lee Harvey Oswald (d. 1967)
• March 26
  • Bernard Katz, German-born biophysicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2003)
  • Tennessee Williams, American playwright (A Streetcar Named Desire) (d. 1983)
• March 27 – Erich Heller, British philosopher, long resident in the U.S. (d. 1990)
• March 29 – Brigitte Horney, German-born actress (d. 1988)
• March 31
  • Elisabeth Grümmer, Alsatian soprano (d. 1986)
  • Freddie Green, jazz guitarist (d. 1987)
• April 3 – Michael Woodruff, British/Australian pioneering transplant surgeon (d. 2001)
• April 6 – Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen, German biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1979)
• April 8
  • Melvin Calvin, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)
  • Emil Cioran, Romanian philosopher and essayist (d. 1995)
  • Ichiro Fujiyama, Japanese composer and singer (d. 1993)
• April 11 – Stanislawa Walasiewicz, Polish-born runner (d. 1980)
• April 13 – William Tuttle, American makeup artist (d. 2007)
• April 15 – Muhammad Metwally Al Shaarawy, Egyptian Muslim jurist (d. 1998)
• April 17 – Lester Rodney, American journalist (d. 2009)
• April 18
  • Maurice Goldhaber, Austrian-American physicist (d. 2011)
  • Huntington Hartford, American businessman and heir to A&P (d. 2008)
• April 23 – Ronald Neame, British film cinematographer, producer, screenwriter and director (d. 2010)
• April 26 – Marianne Hoppe, German actress (d. 2002)

May–June

• May 1 – Anthony Salerno, member of the U.S. La Cosa Nostra and a leader in the Genovese Family (d. 1992)
• May 5 – Andor Lilienthal, Hungarian Chess Grandmaster (d. 2010)
• May 6 – Frank Nelson, American actor (d. 1986)
• May 7 – Ishirō Honda, Japanese film director (d. 1993)
• May 8 – Robert Johnson, American guitarist and singer (d. 1938)
• May 10 – Bel Kaufman, German-born American author
• May 11
  • Phil Silvers, American actor and comedian (d. 1985)
  • Doodles Weaver, American actor and comedian (d. 1983)
• May 14 – Ne Win, President of Burma (d. 2002)
• May 15 – Max Frisch, Swiss author (d. 1991)
• May 17
  • Lisa Fonssagrives, Swedish model (d. 1992)
  • Maureen O'Sullivan, Irish actress (d. 1998)
• May 18 – Big Joe Turner, American singer (d. 1985)
• May 20
  • Gardner Fox, American writer (d. 1986)
  • Milt Gabler, American record producer (d. 2001)
• May 22 – Anatol Rapoport, Russian-born American mathematical psychologist (d. 2007)
• May 24
  • Carleen Hutchins, American violin maker (d. 2009)
  • Barbara West, second-to-last living survivor of the Titanic sinking (d. 2007)
• May 26 – Ben Alexander, American actor (d. 1969)
• May 27
  • Hubert H. Humphrey, U.S. Vice President and Senator (d. 1978)
  • Teddy Kollek, Austrian-born mayor of Jerusalem (d. 2007)
  • Vincent Price, American actor (d. 1993)
• May 28 – Fritz Hochwälder, Austrian author (d. 1986)
• May 31 – Maurice Allais, French economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2010)
• June 3 – Ellen Corby, American actress (d. 1999)
• June 11 – George Webb, British actor (d. 1998)
• June 12 – Milovan Đilas, Yugoslavian Marxist (d. 1995)
• June 13
  • Prince Aly Khan, Imam of Ismaili Shi'a Islam (d. 1960)
  • Luis Alvarez, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988)
• June 15 – W.V. Awdry, English children's writer (d. 1997)
• June 20 – Paul Pietsch, German racer and magazine magnate
• June 21 – Wonderful Smith, African-American comedian (d. 2008)
• June 24
  • Ernesto Sabato, Argentine writer (d. 2011)
  • Juan Manuel Fangio, Argentine race car driver (d. 1995)
• June 25 – William Howard Stein, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1980)
• June 26 – Babe Didrikson Zaharias, American athlete and golfer (d. 1956)
• June 29
  • Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (d. 2004)
  • Bernard Herrmann, American composer (d. 1975)
• June 30 – Czesław Miłosz, Polish-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)

July–August

• July 1 – Sergei Sokolov, Marshal of the Soviet Union
• July 4
  • Mitch Miller, American singer and television personality (d. 2010)
  • Frederick Seitz, American scientist (d. 2008)
• July 5 – Georges Pompidou, President of France (d. 1974)
• July 6 – LaVerne Andrews, member of the 1940s Big Band/Swing group The Andrews Sisters (d. 1967)
• July 7 – Gian-Carlo Menotti, Italian-born American composer (d. 2007)
• July 9
  • John Archibald Wheeler, American physicist (d. 2008)
  • Mervyn Peake, British writer and illustrator (d. 1968)
• July 16
  • Ginger Rogers, American actress (d. 1995)
  • Jerry Burke, American musician (d. 1965)
• July 17 – Ted Anderson, English footballer (d. 1979)
• July 18 – Hume Cronyn, Canadian actor (d. 2003)
• July 21 – Marshall McLuhan, Canadian author (d. 1980)
• July 28 – Ann Doran, American actress (d. 2000)
• July 29 – Ján Cikker, Slovak composer (d. 1989)
• July 31 – George Liberace, American musician (d. 1983)
• August 2 – Rusty Wescoatt, American actor (d. 1987)
• August 3 – Manuel Esperón, Mexican musician and composer (d. 2011)
• August 5 – Robert Taylor, American actor (d. 1969)
• August 6
  • Lucille Ball, American actress (I Love Lucy) (d. 1989)
  • Constance Fecher Heaven (aka Constance Fecher, Constance Heaven, Christina Merlin), British romance writer (d. 1995)
• August 7 – Nicholas Ray, American director (d. 1979)
• August 8 – Rosetta LeNoire, American actress (d. 2002)
• August 9 – William Alfred Fowler, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
• August 10 – A. N. Sherwin-White, English historian of Ancient Rome (d. 1993)
• August 11 – William H. Avery, American politician (d. 2009)
• August 12 – Cantinflas, Mexican actor (d. 1993)
• August 17
  • Mikhail Botvinnik, Russian chess player (d. 1995)
  • Martin Sandberger, German military officer (d. 2010)
• August 18 – Amelia Boynton Robinson, American civil rights activist
• August 23
  • Betty Robinson, American athlete (d. 1999)
  • Birger Ruud, Norwegian athlete (d. 1998)
• August 27 – Kay Walsh, British actress (d. 2005)

September–October

• September 2 – Floyd Council, American musician (d. 1976)
• September 6 – Harry Danning, American baseball player (d. 2004)
• September 7 – Todor Zhivkov, First Secretary of Bulgarian Communist Party 1954-1989, President 1971-1989 (d. 1998)
• September 9 – John Gorton, nineteenth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2002)
• September 13 – Bill Monroe, American musician (d. 1996)
• September 15 – Joseph Pevney, American director (d. 2008)
• September 19 – William Golding, English writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
• September 20 – Shriram Sharma Acharya, Indian religious leader (d. 1990)
• September 23 – Frank Moss, U.S. Senator from Utah (d. 2003)
• September 24
  • Konstantin Chernenko, President of the Soviet Union and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR from 1984 until his death in 1985 (d. 1985)
  • Ed Kretz, American motorcycle racer (d. 1996)
• September 27 – John Harvey, American actor (d. 1982)
• September 29 – Charles Court, Australian politician (d. 2007)
• October 5
  • Flann O'Brien, Irish humorist (d. 1966)
  • Pierre Dansereau, Canadian ecologist (d. 2011)
• October 9 – Joe Rosenthal, American photographer (d. 2006)
• October 10 – Clare Hollingworth, British journalist
• October 13 – Ashok Kumar, Indian actor (d. 2001)
• October 14 – Le Duc Tho, Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1990)
• October 15 – James H. Schmitz, German-born American science fiction writer (d. 1981)
• October 26 – Sid Gillman, American football coach (d. 2003)
• October 27 – Leif Erickson, American actor (The High Chaparral) (d. 1986)
• October 30 – Ruth Hussey, American actress (d. 2005)

November–December

• November 1
  • Sidney Wood, American tennis player (d. 2009)
  • Henri Troyat, French writer (d. 2007)
• November 2 – Odysseas Elytis, Greek writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
• November 5 – Roy Rogers, American singer and actor (d. 1998)
• November 12 – Chad Varah, British priest and humanitarian (d. 2007)
• November 13 – Buck O'Neil, American baseball player and manager (d. 2006)
• November 24 – Erik Bergman, Finnish composer (d. 2006)
• November 25 – Roelof Frankot, Dutch painter (d. 1984)
• November 27
  • David Merrick, American theater producer (d. 2000)
  • Fe del Mundo, Filipino pediatrician and National Scientist (d. 2011)
• November 28 – Václav Renč, Czech poet, dramatist and translator (d. 1973)
• December 3 – Nino Rota, Italian composer (d. 1979)
• December 5 – Władysław Szpilman, Polish pianist and memoirist, whose story is told in the movie The Pianist (d. 2000)
• December 8 – Lee J. Cobb, American actor (d. 1976)
• December 11
  • Val Guest, British film director (d. 2006)
  • Naguib Mahfouz, Egyptian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
  • Qian Xuesen, Chinese scientist (d. 2009)
• December 13
  • Trygve Haavelmo, Norwegian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
  • Kenneth Patchen, American poet and painter (d. 1972)
• December 18 – Jules Dassin, American director (d. 2008)
• December 20 – Hortense Calisher, American author (d. 2009)
• December 21 – Josh Gibson, African-American baseball player (d. 1947)
• December 23 – Niels Kaj Jerne, English-born immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)
• December 25 – Louise Bourgeois, French-born American artist (d. 2010)
• December 26 – Arsenio Lacson, Filipino politician and sportswriter (d. 1962)
• December 27 – Anna Russell, British comedian and singer (d. 2006)
• December 30 – Jeanette Nolan, American actress (d. 1998)

Date unknown

• Yolande Beekman, French-born World War II heroine (d. 1944)
• Jaime Ornelas Camacho, Portuguese politician
• Jorge Negrete, Mexican singer & actor (d. 1953)

Deaths

January–June

• January 17 – Sir Francis Galton, English explorer and biologist (b. 1822)
• February 4 – Piet Cronjé, Boer general (b. 1836)
• February 15 – Theodor Escherich, German-Austrian pediatrician (b. 1857)
• February 21 – Isidre Nonell, Catalonian painter (b. 1873)
• March 1 – Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
• April 10 – Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis, Lithuanian artist and composer (b. 1875)
• April 25 – Emilio Salgari, Italian writer (b. 1862)
• April 29 – Georg, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe (b. 1846)
• May 18 – Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer (b. 1860)
• May 21 – Williamina Fleming, Scottish astronomer (b. 1857)
• May 27 – Thursday October Christian II, Pitcairn Islands leader (b. 1820)
• May 29 – William S. Gilbert, English dramatist (b. 1836)
• June 2 – Axel Olof Freudenthal, philologist and politician (b. 1836)
• June 9 – Carrie Nation, American temperance activist (b. 1846)
• June 25 – Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy (b. 1843)

July–December

• July 2 – Clement A. Evans, Confederate general (b. 1833)
• July 15 – Louisa Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (b. 1832)
• July 16 – August Harambašić, Croatian writer (b. 1861)
• August 1
  • Edwin Austin Abbey, American painter (b. 1852)
  • Samuel Arza Davenport, American politician (b. 1843)
• August 8 – William P. Frye, U.S. Senator (b. 1830)
• August 12 – Jules Brunet, French military leader (b. 1838)
• September 16 – Edward Whymper, British explorer (b. 1840)
• October 7
  • John Hughlings Jackson, English neurologist (b. 1835)
  • Elmer McCurdy, American Outlaw (b. 1880)
• October 14 – John Marshall Harlan, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1833)
• October 19 – Eugene Ely, pioneer aviator (b. 1886)
• October 24 – Ida Lewis, lighthouse keeper (b. 1842)
• October 29 – Joseph Pulitzer, Hungarian-born newspaper publisher and journalist (b. 1847)
• October 31 – John Joseph Montgomery, American glider pioneer (b. 1858)
• November 9 – Howard Pyle, American artist and fictional writer (b. 1853)
• November 22 – William George Aston, British consular official (b. 1841)
• November 23 – Bernard Tancred, South African cricketer (b. 1865)
• November 26 – Komura Jutarō, Japanese statesman (b. 1855)
• December 10 – Joseph Dalton Hooker, English botanist (b. 1817)
• December 22 – Odilon Lannelongue, French surgeon (b. 1840)
• December 25 – Arthur F. Griffith, American calculating prodigy (b. 1880)

Nobel Prizes

• Physics – Wilhelm Wien
• Chemistry – Maria Skłodowska-Curie
• Medicine – Allvar Gullstrand
• Literature – Count Maurice (Mooris) Polidore Marie Bernhard Maeterlinck
• Peace – Tobias Michael Carel Asser Alfred Hermann Fried