1919 in science
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The year 1919 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Chemistry
- June 1 - The term covalence in relation to chemical bonding models is first used by Irving Langmuir.[1]
[edit] History of science
- Leonard Eugene Dickson begins publication of History of the Theory of Numbers.
[edit] Physics
- May 29 - Einstein's theory of general relativity confirmed by Arthur Eddington's observation of the "bending of light" during the total solar eclipse on this day.[2]
- Arnold Sommerfeld and Walther Kossel publish their displacement law.[3]
- James Jeans discovers that the dynamical constants of motion determine the distribution function for a system of particles.
[edit] Psychology
- In Berlin Dr Magnus Hirschfeld and Arthur Kronfeld found the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft.[4][5][6][7]
[edit] Technology
- First crossings of the Atlantic Ocean by air.
- May 8–31 - US Navy Curtiss floatplane NC-4 commanded by Albert Cushing Read makes the first transatlantic flight, from Naval Air Station Rockaway to Lisbon via the Azores.
- June 14–15 - A Vickers Vimy flown by John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown makes the first nonstop transatlantic flight, from St. John's, Newfoundland, to Clifden, Ireland.
- July 2–6 - British airship R34 makes the first transatlantic flight by dirigible, and the first westbound flight, from RAF East Fortune, Scotland, to Mineola, New York.
- December 1 - XWA, in Montreal, Quebec, is the first public radio station in North America to broadcast.
- Lee De Forest files his first United States patent for the Phonofilm sound-on-film process.
[edit] Awards
- Nobel Prize
- Physics - Johannes Stark
- Chemistry - not awarded
- Medicine - Jules Bordet
[edit] Births
- January 23 - Hans Hass, zoologist and oceanographer.
- June 22 - Henri Tajfel (died 1982), social psychologist.
- September 6 - Wilson Greatbatch (died 2011), biomedical engineer.
[edit] Deaths
- February 19 - Frederick DuCane Godman (born 1834), lepidopterist, entomologist and ornithologist.
- April 4 - Sir William Crookes (born 1832), chemist and physicist.
- April 17 - Bernhard Sigmund Schultze (born 1827), obstetrician.
- June 30 - John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh (born 1842), Nobel Prize-winning physicist.
- July 21 - Gustaf Retzius (born 1842), anatomist.
- August 8 - Ernst Haeckel (born 1834), zoologist.
- November 23 - Henry Gantt (born 1861), project engineer.
- December 29 - Sir William Osler (born 1849), physician.
[edit] References
- ^ Langmuir, Irving (1919). "The Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules". Journal of the American Chemical Society 41: 868–934. doi:10.1021/ja02227a002. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja02227a002. Retrieved 2009-11-10.
- ^ Dyson, F.W.; Eddington, A.S.; Davidson, C.R. (1920). "A Determination of the Deflection of Light by the Sun's Gravitational Field, from Observations Made at the Solar eclipse of May 29, 1919". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Physical, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences 220 (571-581): 291–333. Bibcode 1920RSPTA.220..291D. doi:10.1098/rsta.1920.0009.
- ^ Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft.; Mehra, Jagdish; Rechenberg, Helmut (1982). The Historical Development of Quantum Theory. Vol. 1, Part 1: The Quantum Theory of Planck, Einstein, Bohr and Sommerfeld 1900–1925: its Foundation and the Rise of Its Difficulties. Springer. p. 330. ISBN 0-387-95174-1.
- ^ hirschfeld.in-berlin.de, The first Institute for Sexual Science.
- ^ Famous GLBT & GLBTI People - Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld stonewallsociety.
- ^ Grossmann, Atina. Reforming Sex. Oxford University Press, 1995.
- ^ In Memory of Arthur Kronfeld.
