1934 in aviation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1934:
Contents |
[edit] Events
- Sir Alan Cobham's Flight Refuelling Ltd. develops the looped-hose aerial refueling system, a weighted cable let out of a tanker aircraft and grabbed by a grapnel fired from the receiving aircraft. It is the first practical aerial refueling system, and will not be replaced until the probe-and-drogue system is perfected in 1945.[1]
- At Yokosuka, Japan, the Imperial Japanese Army and Imperial Japanese Navy hold the first of three annual interservice competitions in air combat techniques.[2]
- The Mitsubishi Aircraft Company Ltd. is merged back into its parent company, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.[3]
[edit] January
- January 10–11 – A flight of six United States Navy Consolidated P2Y flying boats sets a new distance record for formation flying of 2,400 miles (3,900 km) between San Francisco, California, and Pearl Harbor, Territory of Hawaii. They also set a new speed record for this crossing of 24 hours 35 minutes.
- January 30 – Soviet pilots Pavel Fedossenko, Andrey Vasenko, and Ilya Usyskin take the hydrogen-filled high-altitude balloon Osoaviakhim-1 on its maiden flight to a record-setting altitude of 22,000 m (72,160 ft), where it remains for 12 minutes. The 7 hour 14 minute flight – during which the balloon travels 470 km (292 miles) from its launch site – ends in tragedy when the crew loses control of the balloon during its descent and the gondola disintegrates and crashes near the village of Potizh-Ostrov in the Insar district of Mordovia in the Soviet Union, killing the crew.[4]
[edit] February
- February 3 – Deutsche Luft Hansa begins the first regular airmail service across the Atlantic Ocean, between Berlin and Rio de Janeiro.
- February 7 – The first airmail flight between Australia and New Zealand is made by Charles Ulm in an Avro Ten, taking 14 hours 10 minutes.
- February 18 – The American World War I ace Eddie Rickenbacker and a Transcontinental & Western Air team including Jack Frye, "Tommy" Tomlinson, Larry Fritz, Paul E. Richter, Si Morehouse, Harlan Hull, John Collings, and Andy Andrews, set a new record for a transcontinental flight across the United States, flying the Douglas DC-1 from Burbank, California, to Newark, New Jersey, in 13 hours 4 minutes.
- February 19 – The United States Army Air Corps begins flying US airmail after the government cancels all existing airmail contracts due to alleged improprieties by the previous administration during the negotiations of those contracts.
[edit] March
- March 7 – Juan de la Cierva lands an autogyro on the Spanish Navy aviation ship Dédalo. It is the first time an autogyro lands on a Spanish ship.[5][6]
- March 9 – All air operations of the United States Customs Service are transferred to the United States Coast Guard.[7]
[edit] April
- Six Soviet and two American airmen rescue the crew of the Soviet commercial icebreaker Chelyuskin from the ice of the Chukchi Sea, where the ship had sunk on February 13.[8]
- April 11 - Renato Donati sets a new altitude record of 14,433 m (47,352 ft) in a Caproni Ca 113.
[edit] May
- May 8–23 – Jean Batten sets a new women's speed record between England and Australia. She flies a de Havilland DH.60 and makes the trip in 14 days 22 hours.
- May 9 – An Air France Wibault 282T-12 airliner crashes into the English Channel off Dungeness, Kent, England, killing all six people on board.
- May 29 – Highland Airways commences the first regular airmail service within the United Kingdom, between Inverness and Kirkwall
[edit] June
- June 4 – The U.S. Navy commissions its first purpose-built aircraft carrier, USS Ranger (CV-4).
- June 12 – In the United States, the Air Mail Act of 1934 closely regulates the contracting of air mail services and prohibits aircraft manufacturers from owning airlines.[9]
- June 26 – Initial flight of the Focke-Wulf Fw 61, the first practical helicopter.
- June 29–30 – Brothers Benjamin and Joseph Adamowicz, amateur pilots, fly across the Atlantic Ocean.
[edit] July
- July 2 – The Armée de l'Air is separated from the French Army to become the independent French Air Force, although retaining the name Armée de l'Air.
- July 15 – Varney Speed Lines (later to be Continental Airlines) makes its first passenger-carrying flight.
- July 19 – F9C Sparrowhawk parasite fighters from the United States Navy airship USS Macon (ZRS-5) successfully launch from the airship, scout out the heavy cruiser USS Houston (CA-30) and return to Macon.
- July 19-August 20 – United States Army Air Corps General Henry Arnold leads ten Martin B-10 bombers on an 8,000-mile (13,000 km) proving flight.
[edit] August
- The first National Air Meet for Women takes place at Dayton, Ohio. During a 50-mile (80-km) individual race, aviation record-holder Frances Marsalis dies in a crash at age 29.[10]
- August 8–9 – James Ayling and Leonard Reid make the first non-stop flight from Canada to England, in a de Havilland DH84, taking 30 hours 50 minutes for the flight.
- August 28-September 16 – The fourth and last International Tourist Aircraft Contest Challenge International de Tourisme 1934 takes place in Warsaw, Poland. The Polish crew of Jerzy Bajan on the RWD-9 plane wins.
[edit] September
- September 7–16 – As part of Challenge International de Tourisme 1934, a 9,537 km (5,926 mi) race takes place over Europe and North Africa, concluding with a maximum speed trial over a 297 km (185 mi) triangular course on September 16.
- September 22 – Sir Alan Cobham sets out in an Airspeed Courier in a failed attempt to fly non-stop from England to India.
- September 29 – A London, Scottish & Provincial Airways Airspeed Courier crashes at Tiverton Bottom, Shoreham, Kent, in the United Kingdom, killing all four people on board. Flying debris injures two people on the ground.
[edit] October
- The Japan Aeroplane Company Ltd. is founded, with plants at Yokohama and Yamagata, Japan.[11]
- October 2 – A Hillman's Airways de Havilland DH.89A Dragon Rapide crashes into the English Channel off Folkestone, Kent, England, in poor visibility, killing all seven people on board.
- October 8 – Inter-Island Airways makes the first interisland air mail flight in the Hawaiian Islands under a United States Post Office contract.[12]
- October 20-November 3 - Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first eastward crossing of the Pacific Ocean, from Brisbane, Australia to San Francisco, California, in the Lady Southern Cross. The Hawaii-to-San Francisco leg of his crossing on November 3 is the first eastward flight from Hawaii to North America.[12]
- October 20-November 5 - The MacRobertson Air Race is flown from England to Melbourne, Australia to celebrate the centenary of the state of Victoria. The £10,000 prize money is won by C. W. A. Scott and Tom Campbell Black flying de Havilland DH88 Comet Grosvenor House from Mildenhall, Suffolk to Melbourne, Australia in a time of 71 hours.
- October 23 - Francesco Agello passes his 1933 world speed with a new airspeed record of 709 km/h (440 mph). Again he flies the Italian Macchi M.C.72 seaplane.
[edit] November
- The United States Congress passes an amendment to the Air Commerce Act of 1926 requiring U.S. airlines to use multi-engine aircraft on routes over terrain not readily permitting emergency landings.[7]
- November 30 – The record-setting French aviatrix Hélène Boucher dies when the Renault Viva Grand Sport she is piloting on a test flight crashes into the woods at Guyancourt, France.
[edit] December
- December 3 – Charles Ulm disappears while flying over the Pacific Ocean somewhere between Oakland, California and Hawaii.
- December 8 – Imperial Airways extends its airmail service to Australia.
- December 20 – United States Coast Guard Lieutenant Richard L. Burke sets a world seaplane speed record of 308.750 km/h (191.734 mph) over a 3-kilometer (1.8-statute mile) test course flying a Grumman JF-2 Duck.[7]
- December 20 – United Airlines Flight 6, a Boeing 247, loses power in both engines shortly after takeoff from Chicago, Illinois. The three-man crew manages to crashland the plane, and the entire crew and the lone passenger survive.
- December 28 – During the Chaco War, a Macchi M.18 flying boat of the Paraguayan Navy's aviation arm carries out the first night bombing raid in South America, attacking Bolivian positions at Vitriones and Mbutum.[13]
[edit] First flights
- Aichi D1A (Allied reporting name "Susie")[14]
- Nakajima Ki-8
- Nakajima Ki-11
- Early 1934 - Arado Ar 68[15]
[edit] January
- January 7 – Curtiss XF13C-1, prototype of the monoplane version of the Curtiss XF13C[16]
- January 14 – De Havilland DH.86
- January 16 – Northrop XFT-1[17]
- January 20 – Boeing XP-940, prototype of the Boeing P-29[18]
- January 23 – Berliner-Joyce XF3J-1[19]
[edit] February
[edit] March
- Nakajima E8N (Allied reporting name "Dave")[20]
- March 30 - Sikorsky S-42
[edit] April
- Mitsubishi Ka-9, forerunner of the Ka-15 prototype of the Mitsubishi G3M (Allied reporting name "Nell")[21]
- April 17 - De Havilland Dragon Rapide
- April 17 - Fairey Swordfish prototype K 4190
[edit] May
- Nakajima Ki-4
- May 9 - De Havilland Hornet Moth
- May 11 - Douglas DC-2
[edit] June
- June 26 - Airspeed Envoy
[edit] July
- July 27 - Supermarine Stranraer
[edit] August
- Amiot 143[22]
- PZL.23 Karas
- August 14 - Dewoitine D.510
[edit] September
- September 7 - Hawker Hardy
- September 8 - De Havilland DH.88
- September 12 - Gloster Gladiator
- September 12 - Hawker Hind
[edit] October
- Caudron Simoun C620
- October 7 - First prototype Tupolev ANT-40RT which becomes Tupolev SB
- October 15 - Grumman F3F
[edit] November
- November 23 - Bloch MB.210
[edit] December
[edit] Entered service
[edit] January
- Consolidated P-30 (later PB-2) with United States Army Air Corps[23]
[edit] May
- May 18 - Douglas DC-2 with Transcontinental and Western Air
exact date unclear - PZL P.11a in the Polish Air Force and PZL P.11b in the Romanian Air Force
[edit] References
- ^ Crosby, Francis, The Complete Guide to Fighters & Bombers of the World: An Illustrated History of the World's Greatest Military Aircraft, From the Pioneering Days of Air Fighting in World War I Through the Jet Fighters and Stealth Bombers of the Present Day, London: Anness Publishing Ltd., 2006, ISBN 13579108642, p. 46.
- ^ Peattie, Mark R., Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power 1909-1941, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2001, ISBN 1-55750-432-6, p. 44.
- ^ Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 0-87021-313-X, p. 23.
- ^ Account at www.astronautix.com
- ^ Layman, R.D., Before the Aircraft Carrier: The Development of Aviation Vessels 1849-1922, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1989, ISBN 0-87021-210-9, p. 105.
- ^ Wikipedia Spanish seaplane carrier Dédalo article.
- ^ a b c A Chronological History of Coast Guard Aviation: The Early Years, 1915-1938.
- ^ Hardesty, Von, Red Phoenix: The Rise of Soviet Air Power 1941-1945, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1982, ISBN 0-87474-510-1, p. 48.
- ^ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 327.
- ^ Lynch, Adam, "Hometown Heroine," Aviation History, March 2012, p. 56.
- ^ Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 0-87021-313-X, p. 26.
- ^ a b Aviation Hawaii: 1930-1939 Chronology of Aviation in Hawaii
- ^ Scheina, Robert L., Latin America: A Naval History 1810-1987, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1987, ISBN 0-87021-295-8, p. 126.
- ^ Hiktotai.net
- ^ Donald, David, ed., The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft, New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1997, ISBN 0-7607-0592-5, p. 59.
- ^ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, ISBN 0-517-56588-9, pp. 152-153.
- ^ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, ISBN 0-517-56588-9, p. 359.
- ^ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 87.
- ^ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 62.
- ^ Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 0-87021-313-X, pp. 408, 410.
- ^ Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 0-87021-313-X, pp]. 351.
- ^ Donald, David, ed., The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft, New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1997, ISBN 0-7607-0592-5, p. 48.
- ^ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 97.
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