1952 in science
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The year 1952 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Biology
- August 1 - Around 9 o'clock AM[verification needed], the San Benedicto Rock Wren goes extinct as its island home is smothered in a massive volcanic eruption.
- August 14 - Alan Turing's paper "The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis" is published, putting forward a reaction-diffusion hypothesis of pattern formation,[1] considered a seminal piece of work in morphogenesis.[2][3]
- August 28 - Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley publish the Hodgkin–Huxley model of action potentials in neurons of the squid giant axon.[4]
- September 20 - Publication of the paper on the Hershey-Chase experiment showing conclusively that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material of bacteriophages.[5]
[edit] Chemistry
- Soviet scientists L. V. Radushkevich and V. M. Lukyanovich publish images of carbon nanotubes.[6]
[edit] Computer science
- The first autocode and its compiler are developed by Alick Glennie for the Manchester Mark 1 computer, considered as the first working high-level compiled programming language.[7]
[edit] Mathematics
- John Forbes Nash, Jr. produces groundbreaking work in the area of real algebraic geometry.[8][9]
[edit] Medicine
- February 6 - In the United States, a mechanical heart is used for the first time in a human patient.[10]
- Jean Delay, head of psychiatry at Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, with Jean-Francois Buisson, reports the antidepressant effect of isoniazid.[11]
[edit] Physics
- November 1 - Nuclear testing: Operation Ivy - The United States successfully detonates the first hydrogen device, codenamed "Ivy Mike" ["m" for megaton], at Eniwetok island in the Bikini Atoll located in the Pacific Ocean.[12] The elements einsteinium and fermium are discovered in the fallout.[13]
- Geoffrey Dummer proposes the integrated circuit.[14]
[edit] Awards
[edit] Births
[edit] Deaths
- March 5 - Sir Charles Sherrington (born 1857), English neurophysiologist & bacteriologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932.
- November 2 - Chaim Weizmann (born 1874), chemist, first President of Israel.
- December 19 - Colonel Sir Charles Arden-Close (born 1865), British cartographer.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Turing, A. M. (14 August 1952). "The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (London) 237 (641): 37–72. http://www.jstor.org/stable/92463. Submitted November 1951.
- ^ "Control Mechanism For Biological Pattern Formation Decoded". ScienceDaily. 30 November 2006.
- ^ "Turing's Last, Lost Work". Swintons. http://www.swintons.net/deodands/archives/000087.html. (Archived April 30, 2010 at the Wayback Machine)
- ^ Hodgkin, A. L.; Huxley, A. F. (1952). "A Quantitative Description of Membrane Current and its Application to Conduction and Excitation in Nerve". The Journal of Physiology 117: 500–544. PMID 12991237. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1392413/. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
- ^ Hershey, A. D.; Chase, Martha (1952). "Independent Functions of Viral Protein and Nucleic Acid in Growth of Bacteriophage". The Journal of General Physiology 36 (1): 39–56. doi:10.1085/jgp.36.1.39. PMC 2147348. PMID 12981234. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2147348.
- ^ Радушкевич, Л. В. (1952). "О Структуре Углерода, Образующегося При Термическом Разложении Окиси Углерода На Железном Контакте" (in Russian) (PDF). Журнал Физической Химии 26: 88–95. http://carbon.phys.msu.ru/publications/1952-radushkevich-lukyanovich.pdf.[dead link]
- ^ Knuth, Donald E.; Pardo, Luis Trabb. "Early development of programming languages". Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology (Dekker) 7: 419–493.
- ^ Nash, J. F. (1952). "Real algebraic manifolds". Annals of Mathematics (56): 405–21. MR0050928.
- ^ International Congress of Mathematicians (1952), Proceedings, 2, Providence: American Mathematical Society, pp. 516–17
- ^ "The First Mechanical Heart Pump". GeneralMotors.com. http://wiki.gmnext.com/wiki/index.php/1952,_The_First_Mechanical_Heart_Pump. Retrieved 2009-12-29.[dead link]
- ^ Healy, David (1996). The Psychopharmacologists: Interviews. London: Chapman and Hall. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-86036-008-4.
- ^ "Hydrogen Bomb". The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/history/A0824719.html. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
- ^ Ghiorso, Albert (2003). "Einsteinium and Fermium". Chemical & Engineering News 81 (36). http://pubs.acs.org/cen/80th/einsteiniumfermium.html. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
- ^ The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. ISBN 1-85986-000-1.
