1958 in science
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The year 1958 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Events
- During International Geophysical Year, Earth's magnetosphere is discovered; and the 3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition discovers the subglacial Gamburtsev Mountain Range in Antarctica.[1]
[edit] Astronomy and space exploration
- January 4 - Sputnik 1 falls to Earth from its orbit (launched on October 4, 1957).
- January 31 - The first successful American satellite, Explorer I, is launched into orbit.
- February 5 - A backup for Vanguard TV3 fails to reach orbit.
- March 5 - Explorer 2 fails to reach orbit.
- March 17 - Vanguard 1 becomes the first of its program to enter space, after three failed attempts.
- March 26 - Explorer 3 is launched into orbit.
- April 14 - Sputnik 2 re-enters Earth's atmosphere.
- July 29 - The United States Congress formally creates the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
[edit] Biology
- Anne McLaren, with John D. Biggers, reports the first mammals, a litter of mice, grown from embryos developed in vitro and transferred to a surrogate mother.[2]
[edit] Computer science
- May 27–June 2 - A joint meeting of the ACM and GAMM at ETH Zurich agrees to produce the International Algebraic Language, which will become the programming language ALGOL.
- Friedrich L. Bauer and other members of the ZMMD-Group build a working ALGOL 58 compiler.
- John McCarthy specifies the Lisp programming language.
[edit] History of science
- Society for the History of Technology established.
[edit] Mathematics
- School Mathematics Study Group, directed by Edward G. Begle, established to develop a new school mathematics curriculum for the United States; it is influential in the promotion of New Math.[3]
[edit] Medicine
- June 7 - Ian Donald publishes an article in The Lancet which describes the diagnostic use of ultrasound.[4]
- Engineer Earl Bakken (U.S.) produces the first wearable external artificial pacemaker, for a patient of Dr. C. Walton Lillehei.
- The first clinical implantations into a human of fully implantable artificial pacemakers takes place at the Karolinska Institute in Solna, Sweden, using a pacemaker designed by Rune Elmqvist and surgeon Åke Senning. The patient, Arne Larsson (1915–2001), survives until age 86.
- Denis Parsons Burkitt first describes Burkitt's lymphoma.[5][6]
[edit] Technology
- Dutch rally driver Maus Gatsonides introduces his first roadside automobile speed measurement device.[7]
[edit] Awards
[edit] Births
- February 26 - Susan J. Helms, astronaut
[edit] Deaths
- February 11 - Ernest Jones (born 1879), psychoanalyst
- April 16 - Rosalind Franklin (born 1920), crystallographer
- August 14 - Frédéric Joliot (born 1900), scientist
- August 27 - Ernest Lawrence (born 1901), physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics 1932
- October 2 - Marie Stopes (born 1880), paleobotanist and pioneer of birth control
- December 12 - Milutin Milanković (born 1879), geophysicist
- December 15 - Wolfgang Ernst Pauli (born 1900), physicist
[edit] References
- ^ Australian Antarctic Data Centre. "Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains". Australian Government, Antarctic Division. http://aadc-maps.aad.gov.au/aadc/gaz/display_name.cfm?gaz_id=2515. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
- ^ McLaren, Anne; Biggers, J. D. (27 September 1958). "Successful Development and Birth of Mice cultivated in vitro as Early Embryos". Nature 182 (4639): 877–8. doi:10.1038/182877a0. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v182/n4639/pdf/182877a0.pdf. Retrieved 2011-08-11.
- ^ Klein, David (2003). "A Brief History of American K-12 Mathematics Education in the 20th Century". http://www.csun.edu/~vcmth00m/AHistory.html. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
- ^ "Ian Donald's paper in The Lancet in 1958". Archived from the original on 12 January 2008. http://www.ob-ultrasound.net/lancet.html. Retrieved 2008-01-27.
- ^ synd/2511 at Who Named It?
- ^ Burkitt, D. (1958). "A sarcoma involving the jaws in African children". The British Journal of Surgery 46: 218–23. doi:10.1002/bjs.18004619704. PMID 13628987.
- ^ "Gatso History". Haarlem: Gatsometer BV. http://www.gatso.com/about/history.html. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
