1962 in science
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The year 1962 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Astronomy and space exploration
- January 26 - Ranger 3 is launched to study the Moon. The space probe later misses the Moon by 22,000 miles.
- February 4–5 - During a new moon and total solar eclipse, an extremely rare grand conjunction of the classical planets occurs, including all five of the naked-eye planets plus the Sun and Moon, all within 16° of each another on the ecliptic.
- February 19 - Penumbral lunar eclipse
- February 20 - Mercury program: While aboard Friendship 7, John Glenn orbits the Earth three times in 4 hours, 55 minutes, becoming the first American to do so.
- April 26 - The Ranger 4 spacecraft crashes into the Moon.
- May 24 - Mercury program: Scott Carpenter becomes the second American to orbit the Earth aboard Aurora 7.
- July 17 - Penumbral lunar eclipse
- July 11 – First live transatlantic television broadcast from the United States to Britain, via AT&T's Telstar satellite (launched the previous day) and Goonhilly Satellite Earth Station.[1]
- July 22 - Mariner program: The Mariner 1 spacecraft flies erratically several minutes after launch and has to be destroyed.
- July 31 - Annular solar eclipse
- August 15 - Penumbral lunar eclipse
[edit] Biology
- Emile Zuckerkandl and Linus Pauling publish a paper introducing what will become known as the molecular clock concept.[2][3]
- The first nude mouse strain is discovered by Dr. N. R. Grist at Ruchill Hospital's Brownlee virology laboratory in Glasgow.[4][5]
[edit] Computer science
- At MIT, Ivan Sutherland uses the TX-2 computer to write Sketchpad, the origin of graphical programs used for computer-aided design.
- October - J.C.R. Licklider becomes the first head of the computer research program at ARPA, which he names the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO).
- December - John Mauchly "envisions a time when everyone will carry his own personal computer".[6]
[edit] Ecology
- June - Rachel Carson's Silent Spring begins serialization in The New Yorker.
[edit] History of science
- Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is published in the United States.
[edit] Medicine
- James W. Black synthesises propranolol, the first beta blocker (used for regulation of angina pectoris), which becomes the world's best-selling drug.[7][8][9][10]
- Joseph Murray performs the first cadaveric renal transplant.[11]
[edit] Technology
- The New Austrian Tunnelling method is so named.[12]
[edit] Awards
[edit] Births
- June 18 - Lisa Randall, American theoretical physicist.
- June 29 - George D. Zamka, American astronaut.
[edit] Deaths
- February 19 - Georgios Papanikolaou (b. 1883), Greek American inventor of the Pap smear.
- March 24 - Auguste Piccard (b. 1884), Swiss physicist and explorer.
- May 13 - Henry Trendley Dean (b. 1893), American dental researcher.
- November 18 - Niels Bohr (b. 1885), Danish physicist.
- December 20 - Emil Artin (b. 1898), Austrian-born mathematician.
- December 24 - Wilhelm Ackermann (b. 1896), German mathematician.
[edit] References
- ^ "The First Transatlantic Satellite Relay". British TV History. http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/telstar.html. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
- ^ Zuckerkandl, E.; Pauling, L. (1962). "Molecular Disease, Evolution and Genetic Heterogeneity". In Kasha, M.; Pullman, B. (ed). Horizons in Biochemistry: Albert Szent-Györgyi dedicatory volume. New York: Academic Press. pp. 189–225.
- ^ Morgan, Gregory J. (1998). "Emile Zuckerkandl, Linus Pauling, and the Molecular Evolutionary Clock, 1959-1965". Journal of the History of Biology 31: 155–178. doi:10.1023/A:1004394418084. PMID 11620303.
- ^ "Mouse (immunodeficient)". AnimalResearch.info. http://www.animalresearch.info/en/science/animalsused/mouse-nude. Retrieved 2011-08-04.
- ^ "NMRI Nude Mice". Charles River. http://www.criver.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/NMRI%20nude24.04.07.pdf. Retrieved 2011-08-04.
- ^ "Computers for All". Hillsboro (Ohio) Press-Gazette. 1962-12-28. http://firstmention.com/pc.aspx. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
- ^ Stapleton, Melanie P. (1997). "Sir James Black and Propranolol". Texas Heart Institute Journal 24 (4): 336–342. PMC 325477. PMID 9456487. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=325477.
- ^ ""anTAGonist" and "ciMETidine"". American Chemical Society. 2005. http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/83/8325/8325tagamet.html. Retrieved 2005-12-25.
- ^ "Sir James Black, OM". The Daily Telegraph (London). 23 March 2010. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/medicine-obituaries/7507080/Sir-James-Black-OM.html. Retrieved 2011-08-05.
- ^ "Led the way in heart drug find". The Age (Melbourne: Fairfax Digital). 25 March 2010. http://www.theage.com.au/world/led-the-way-in-heart-drug-find-20100324-qwo8.html. Retrieved 2010-03-25.
- ^ Machado, Calixto (2005). "The first organ transplant from a brain-dead donor". Neurology 64 (11): 1938–42. http://www.neurology.org/content/64/11/1938.full.
- ^ Golser, Johann. The New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM): Theoretical Background & Practical Experiences. 2nd Shotcrete conference, Easton (USA), 4-8 October 1976.
