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The year 1963 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Astronomy and space exploration
- May 15 - Mercury program: NASA launches the last mission of the program Mercury 9. (On June 12 NASA Administrator James E. Webb tells Congress the program is complete.)
[edit] Biology
- Geneticist J. B. S. Haldane coins the word "clone".
- Konrad Lorenz publishes On Aggression (Das sogenannte Böse: Zur Naturgeschichte der Agression).
- Niko Tinbergen poses his four questions to be asked of any animal behavior.[1]
[edit] Earth sciences
[edit] Mathematics
- Edward Lorenz publishes his discovery of the 'butterfly effect', significant in the development of chaos theory.[2]
[edit] Medicine
- Thomas Starzl performs the first liver transplant, at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center.[3]
- James D. Hardy performs the first lung transplant.[3]
- June - Guy Alexandre performs the first renal transplant from a heart-beating, brain-dead donor, at Saint Pierre Hospital, Leuven, Belgium.[3]
[edit] Physics
- David H. Frisch and J. H. Smith prove radioactive decay of mesons is slowed by their motion.[4] (See Einstein's special relativity and general relativity.)
[edit] Psychology
- Stanley Milgram publishes the results of his shock experiment on obedience to authority figures.[5]
[edit] Technology
- Mellotron Mark I electro-mechanical, polyphonic tape replay keyboard, developed and built in Aston, Birmingham, England, is marketed.
[edit] Awards
[edit] Births
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[edit] Deaths
- April 6 - Otto Struve (b. 1897), Russian astronomer.
- October 13 - Alan A. Griffith (b. 1893), English stress engineer.
- October 25 - Karl von Terzaghi (b. 1883), Austrian "father of soil mechanics".
[edit] References
- ^ Tinbergen, Niko (1963). "On Aims and Methods in Ethology". Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 20: 410–433. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1963.tb01161.x. http://www.esf.edu/EFB/faculty/documents/Tinbergen1963onethology.pdf.
- ^ Lorenz, Edward N. (March 1963). "Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 20 (2): 130–141. Bibcode 1963JAtS...20..130L. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1963)020<0130:DNF>2.0.CO;2. http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/1520-0469%281963%29020%3C0130%3ADNF%3E2.0.CO%3B2. Retrieved 2010-06-03.
- ^ a b c Machado, Calixto (2005). "The first organ transplant from a brain-dead donor". Neurology 64 (11): 1938–42. http://www.neurology.org/content/64/11/1938.full.
- ^ American Journal of Physics 31: 342-355.
- ^ "Behavioral Study of Obedience". Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 67 (4): 371–378. doi:10.1037/h0040525. PMID 14049516. http://content.apa.org/journals/abn/67/4/371.
