1965 in science
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The year 1965 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Astronomy and space exploration
- February 20 - Ranger 8 crashes into the Moon after a successful mission of photographing possible landing sites for the Apollo program astronauts.
- March 23 - NASA launches Gemini 3 which is the United States' first two-person space flight took (crew: Gus Grissom and John Young).
- November 16 - Venera program: The Soviet Union launches the Venera 3 space probe from Baikonur, Kazakhstan toward Venus (on March 1, 1966 it became the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet).
- November 26 - At the Hammaguira launch facility in the Sahara Desert, France launches a Diamant-A rocket with its first satellite, Asterix-1 on board, becoming the third country to enter space.
[edit] Biology
- February 4 - Trofim Lysenko is removed from his post as director of the Institute of Genetics at the Academy of Sciences in the Soviet Union and Lysenkoist theories subjected to criticism.[1][2]
- Emile Zuckerkandl and Linus Pauling name their concept of the molecular clock.[3][4]
- W. Keble Martin publishes The Concise British Flora in Colour.
[edit] Computer science
- April 19 - Gordon Moore describes the exponential growth trend in computing power which will become known as Moore's law.[5][6][7]
[edit] History of science
- Ralph Lapp publishes The New Priesthood: The Scientific Elite and the Uses of Power in the United States.
[edit] Mathematics
- Lofti Zadeh develops fuzzy logic.[8]
[edit] Medicine
- Frank Pantridge instals the first portable defibrillator, in a Belfast ambulance.
[edit] Psychology
[edit] Awards
[edit] Births
- October 11 - Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain, Spanish physicist.
[edit] Deaths
- August 28 - Giulio Racah (b. 1909), Israeli physicist.
- September 4 - Albert Schweitzer (b. 1875), Alsatian medical missionary.
- October 12 - Paul Hermann Müller (b. 1899), Swiss chemist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1948.
[edit] References
- ^ Cohen, Barry M. (1965). "The descent of Lysenko". The Journal of Heredity 56 (5): 229–233. http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/content/56/5/229.short.
- ^ Joravsky, David (1970). The Lysenko Affair. Russian Research Center studies, 61. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674539850.
- ^ Zuckerkandl, E.; Pauling, L. (1965). "Evolutionary Divergence and Convergence in Proteins". In Bryson, B.; Vogel, H. (ed). Evolving Genes and Proteins. New York: Academic Press. pp. 97–166.
- ^ Morgan, Gregory J. (1998). "Emile Zuckerkandl, Linus Pauling, and the Molecular Evolutionary Clock, 1959-1965". Journal of the History of Biology 31: 155–178. doi:10.1023/A:1004394418084. PMID 11620303.
- ^ Moore, Gordon E. (19 April 1965). "Cramming more components onto integrated circuits" (PDF). Electronics 38 (8). ftp://download.intel.com/museum/Moores_Law/Articles-Press_Releases/Gordon_Moore_1965_Article.pdf. Retrieved 2012-01-20.
- ^ "Excerpts from A Conversation with Gordon Moore: Moore’s Law" (PDF). Intel. 2005. ftp://download.intel.com/museum/Moores_Law/Video-Transcripts/Excepts_A_Conversation_with_Gordon_Moore.pdf. Retrieved 2012-01-20.
- ^ "1965 – "Moore's Law" Predicts the Future of Integrated Circuits". Computer History Museum. 2007. http://www.computerhistory.org/semiconductor/timeline/1965-Moore.html. Retrieved 2012-01-20.
- ^ Crilly, Tony (2007). 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know. London: Quercus. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.
