1971 in science

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The year 1971 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

[edit] Astronomy and space exploration

January 31 - Apollo program: Astronauts aboard Apollo 14 lift off for a mission to the moon.
February 5 - Apollo 14 lands on the Moon.
February 9 - Apollo program: Apollo 14 returns to Earth after the third manned moon landing.
May 19 - Mars probe program: Mars 2 is launched by the Soviet Union.
May 30 - Mariner program: Mariner 9 is launched toward Mars.
June 30 - The crew of the Soyuz 11 spacecraft are killed when their air supply leaks out through a faulty valve during re-entry preparations, the only human deaths to occur outside Earth's atmosphere.
July 26 - Apollo program: Launch of Apollo 15. On July 31 the Apollo 15 astronauts become the first to ride in a lunar rover a day after landing on the surface.
November 13 - Mariner program: Mariner 9 enters Mars orbit.

Francis G. Howarth discovers communities of specialized thermophile cave animals living in lava tubes at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.

July 4 - Michael S. Hart posts the first e-book, a copy of the United States Declaration of Independence, on the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign's mainframe computer, the origin of Project Gutenberg.^[1]
November 3 - The UNIX Programmer's Manual is published.
November 15 - Intel release the world's first microprocessor, the 4004.
end - Ray Tomlinson sends the first ARPAnet e-mail between host computers, at BBN, Cambridge, Massachusetts, with the first use of the @ sign in an address.^[2]

Boston Women's Health Book Collective publishes Our Bodies, Ourselves in the U.S.
E. G. L. Bywaters characterises adult-onset Still's disease, a rare form of inflammatory arthritis.^[4]