1986 Commonwealth Games
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This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2012) |
| 13th Commonwealth Games | |
|---|---|
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| Host city | Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Nations participating | 27 nations of the Commonwealth |
| Athletes participating | 1,660 |
| Events | 161 events in 10 sports |
| Opening ceremony | 24 July 1986 |
| Closing ceremony | 2 August 1986 |
| Officially opened by | Elizabeth II |
| Main venue | Meadowbank Stadium |
The 1986 Commonwealth Games were held in Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom for the second time. The Games were held from 24 July-2 August 1986.
Contents |
Organisation and controversy [edit]
Despite the popular success of the previous 1970 British Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, the 1986 Games are remembered with considerable notoriety due to a large political boycott and financial mismanagement.
The Games were boycotted by a majority of countries, largely African, Asian and Caribbean states, and making it appear as a whites-only event. Of the 59 eligible countries, 32 boycotted the Games due to the Thatcher government's attitude towards British sporting links with apartheid-era South Africa as opposed to the sporting boycott of South Africa. It resulted in the lowest number of athletes since the 1950 Commonwealth Games.[1]
Further controversy came about when it was revealed that due to the lack of participation and associated decline in anticipated broadcasting and sponsorship revenues, the Organising Committee was facing a serious financial black hole, and the boycott ended any prospect of securing emergency government assistance. Businessman Robert Maxwell stepped in to offer funding, taking over as chairman, but despite promising to invest £2m, Maxwell's contribution was just £250,000. On a budget of £14m, the Games opened with a deficit of £3m, which later grew to £4.3m, and instead of putting enough money into the event to save it, the new chairman of the Games asked creditors to forgo half the payment due to them to keep the event out of liquidation. The debt was finally paid off in 1989, with the city of Edinburgh losing approximately £500,000.[2]
Several participants were excluded because they breached the amateurism rules, most notably lawn bowlers Phil Skoglund from New Zealand and Willie Wood from Scotland, both of whom have competed in subsequent games.
Participating countries [edit]
Because of the boycott only 28 countries took part in the games with the Maldives and Norfolk Island making their first appearance in the games.
Bermuda (Took part in opening ceremony but boycotted rest of the games)
Opening ceremony [edit]
The theme of the opening ceremony celebrated the "Spirit of Youth", and included 6500 Scottish schoolchildren taking part in a series of large Mass Games-style Gymnastics routines. The theme song "Spirit of Youth" was written by Gerard Kenny. The ceremony began on the esplanade of Edinburgh Castle with hundreds of schoolchildren running from there down the Royal Mile, through Holyrood Park to Meadowbank Stadium[1]. The Bermudan team took part in the opening ceremony, before being ordered to boycott the games and leave.
Venues [edit]
Sponsors[citation needed] [edit]
- Allied Lyons – Bell's, Gordon's, Harp Lager, Johnnie Walker Red Label, Kailber, White Horse, Wimpy
- Bhs
- British Caledonian
- British Gas
- British Telecom
- Coca-Cola
- De La Rue
- Dewar's
- Elf Aquitaine UK
- Europcar
- Ford
- McEwan's
- Mirror Group – Daily Mirror, Daily Record (Scotland), Sunday Mail, Daily Mirror, The People, The Sporting Life
- Nissan
- Omega SA (Timing)
- Rank Xerox
- Rover Group
- Royal Dutch Shell
- Royal Mail
- Safeway (UK)
- WANG Computers
Medals by country [edit]
This is the last Commonwealth Games to date in which Australia did not top the medal rankings.
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  England |
52 | 43 | 49 | 144 |
| 2 |  Canada |
51 | 34 | 31 | 116 |
| 3 |  Australia |
40 | 46 | 35 | 121 |
| 4 |  New Zealand |
8 | 16 | 14 | 38 |
| 5 |  Wales |
6 | 5 | 12 | 23 |
| 6 |  Scotland |
3 | 12 | 18 | 33 |
| 7 |  Northern Ireland |
2 | 4 | 9 | 15 |
| 8 |  Isle of Man |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 9 |  Guernsey |
0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 10 |  Swaziland |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 11 |  Hong Kong |
0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 12 |  Malawi |
0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 13 |  Botswana |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
 Jersey |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
 Singapore |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Total | 163 | 163 | 176 | 502 | |
Medals by event [edit]
Aquatics [edit]
Athletics [edit]
Badminton [edit]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed | ||||||
| Mixed Team | England Andy Goode Fiona Elliot Gillian Clark Gillian Gowers Helen Troke Nigel Tier Nick Yates Richard Outterside Steve Baddeley |
Canada Claire Backhouse-Sharpe Claire Blackhouse Denyse Julien John Goss Johanne Falardeau Ken Poole Linda Cloutier-Marks Mike deBelle Michael Bitten Michael Butler Sandra Skillings |
Australia Audrey Tuckey Darren McDonald Gordon Lang Julie McDonald Karen Jupp Michael Scandolera Paul Heng Kong Rhonda Cator Tracey Small Yu Sze |
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| Mixed Doubles | Australia Mike Scandolera Audrey Tucker |
England Andy Goode Fiona Elliott |
Scotland Billy Gilliland Christine Heatly |
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| Men | ||||||
| Men's Singles | Steve Baddeley (ENG) |
Sze Yu (AUS) |
Nick Yates (ENG) |
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| Men's Doubles | Scotland Billy Gilliland Dan Travers |
England Andy Goode Nigel Tier |
New Zealand Kerrin Harrison Glenn Stewart |
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| Women | ||||||
| Women's Singles | Helen Troke (ENG) |
Fiona Elliott (ENG) |
Gillian Clark (ENG) |
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| Women's Doubles | England Gillian Clark Gillian Gowers |
Canada Johanne Falardeau Denyse Julian |
England |
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Bowls [edit]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| Singles | Ian Dickison (NZL) |
Ian Schuback (AUS) |
Richard Corsie (SCO) |
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| Pairs | Scotland George Adrain Grant Knox |
Canada Bill Boettger Ronnie Jones |
England Chris Ward David Ward |
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| Fours | Wales |
Canada |
Northern Ireland |
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| Women | ||||||
| Singles | Wendy Line (ENG) |
Senga McCrone (SCO) |
Flora Anderson (BOT) |
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| Pairs | Northern Ireland Freda Elliott Margaret Johnston |
Guernsey Janet Nicolle Marie Smith |
England Betty Stubbings Jean Valls |
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| Fours | Wales |
Australia |
England |
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Boxing [edit]
Cycling [edit]
Track [edit]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| Time Trial | Martin Vinnicombe (AUS) |
00:01:06 | Gary Anderson (NZL) |
00:01:06 | Maxwell Rainsford (AUS) |
00:01:07 |
| Sprint | Gary Neiwand (AUS) |
Alex Ongaro (CAN) |
Eddie Alexander (SCO) |
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| Individual Pursuit | Dean Woods (AUS) |
00:04:44 | Colin Sturgess (ENG) |
00:04:51 | Gary Anderson (NZL) |
00:04:54 |
| Team Pursuit | Australia Glenn Clarke Brett Dutton Bill Hardy Wayne McCarney Dean Woods |
00:04:27 | New Zealand Gary Anderson Russell Clune Stephen Swart Andrew Whitford |
00:04:34 | England Chris Boardman Gary Colman Rob Muzio Jon Walshaw Guy Rowland |
overtaken |
| 10 Miles (16 Kilometres) Scratch | Wayne McCarney (AUS) |
00:19:41 | Dean Woods (AUS) |
00:19:41 | Gary Anderson (NZL) |
00:19:41 |
Road [edit]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| Road Race | Paul Curran (ENG) |
04:08:50 | Brian Fowler (NZL) |
04:08:50 | Jeff Leslie (AUS) |
04:08:50 |
| Team Time Trial | England |
02:13:16 | New Zealand |
02:14:50 | Northern Ireland |
02:16:13 |
Rowing [edit]
Shooting [edit]
Pistol [edit]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men/Open | ||||||
| Free Pistol | Greg Yelavich (NZL) |
551 | Phil Adams (AUS) Ho Kar Fai (HKG) |
549 | ||
| Free Pistol – Pairs | Canada Tom Guinn Claude Beaulieu |
1099 | England Paul Leatherdale Richard Wang |
1090 | Australia Phil Adams Bengt Sandström |
1085 |
| Centre-Fire Pistol | Bob Northover (ENG) |
583 | Phil Adams (AUS) |
582 | Rod Hack (AUS) |
580 |
| Centre-Fire Pistol – Pairs | Australia Phil Adams Rod Hack |
1165 | England Bob Northover Michael Cutler |
1157 | New Zealand Rex Hamilton Barry O'Neale |
1153 |
| Rapid-Fire Pistol | Pat Murray (AUS) |
591 | Adrian Breton (GGY) |
588 | Mark Howkins (CAN) |
585 |
| Rapid-Fire Pistol – Pairs | England Brian Girling Terry Turner |
1169 | Australia Pat Murray Jack Mast |
1152 | Canada Mark Howkins André Chevrefils |
1150 |
| Air Pistol | Greg Yelavich (NZL) |
575 | Tom Guinn (CAN) |
574 | Gilbert U (HKG) |
574 |
| Air Pistol – Pairs | England Paul Leatherdale Ian Reid |
1143 | Australia Phil Adams Bruce Favell |
1143 | New Zealand Greg Yelavich Barrie Wickens |
1140 |
Rifle [edit]
Shotgun [edit]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men/Open | ||||||
| Trap | Ian Peel (ENG) |
195 | Peter Boden (ENG) |
192 | Roland Phillips (WAL) |
192 |
| Trap – Pairs | England Peter Boden Ian Peel |
185 | Northern Ireland Tom Hewitt Eamon Furphy |
183 | Australia Terry Rumbel Domingo Diaz |
183 |
| Skeet | Nigel Kelly (IOM) |
196 | Joe Neville (ENG) Brian Gabriel (CAN) |
195 | ||
| Skeet – Pairs | England Joe Neville Ken Harman |
195 | Canada Brian Gabriel Don Kwasyncia |
193 | New Zealand John Woolley Jeff Farrell |
189 |
Weightlifting [edit]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| Flyweight – Overall | Greg Hayman (AUS) |
212.5 | Charlie Revolta (SCO) |
185 | Alan Ogilvie (SCO) |
177.5 |
| Bantamweight – Overall | Nick Voukelatos (AUS) |
245 | Clayton Chelley (NZL) |
217.5 | Teo Yong Joo (SIN) |
215 |
| Featherweight – Overall | Ray Williams (WAL) |
252.5 | David Lowenstein (AUS) |
250 | Jeffrey Brice (WAL) |
235 |
| Lightweight – Overall | Dean Willey (ENG) |
315 | Ron Laycock (AUS) |
307.5 | Langis Côté (CAN) |
290 |
| Middleweight – Overall | Bill Stellios (AUS) |
302.5 | Louis Payer (CAN) |
300 | Neil Taylor (WAL) |
270 |
| Light Heavyweight – Overall | Dave Morgan (WAL) |
350 | Robert Kabbas (AUS) |
325 | Peter May (ENG) |
317.5 |
| Middle Heavyweight – Overall | Keith Boxell (ENG) |
350 | David Mercer (ENG) |
342.5 | Guy Greavette (CAN) |
340 |
| Sub Heavyweight – Overall | Denis Garon (CAN) |
360 | Duncan Dawkins (ENG) |
332.5 | Andrew Saxton (ENG) |
327.5 |
| Heavyweight – Overall | Kevin Roy (CAN) |
375 | Gino Frantangelo (AUS) |
372.5 | Andrew Davies (WAL) |
370 |
| Super Heavyweight – Overall | Dean Lukin (AUS) |
392.5 | David Bolduc (CAN) |
347.5 | Charles Garzarella (AUS) |
342.5 |
Wrestling [edit]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| Light Flyweight | Ron Moncur (CAN) |
Duncan Burns (ENG) |
David Connelly (SCO) |
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| Flyweight | Chris Woodcroft (CAN) |
James McAlary (AUS) |
Nigel Donahue (ENG) |
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| Bantamweight | Mitch Ostberg (CAN) |
Steve Reinsfield (NZL) |
Brian Aspen (ENG) |
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| Featherweight | Paul Hughes (CAN) |
Dan Cumming (AUS) |
Stephen Bell (NZL) |
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| Lightweight | Dave McKay (CAN) |
Zsigmund Kelevitz (AUS) |
Stephen Cooper (ENG) |
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| Welterweight | Gary Holmes (CAN) |
George Marsh (AUS) |
Fitzlloyd Walker (ENG) |
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| Middleweight | Chris Rinke (CAN) |
Wally Koenig (AUS) |
Anthony Bell (ENG) |
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| Light Heavyweight | Noel Loban (ENG) |
Doug Cox (CAN) |
Graeme English (SCO) |
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| Heavyweight | Clark Davis (CAN) |
Robert Algie (NZL) |
David Kilpin (ENG) |
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| Super Heavyweight | Wayne Brightwell (CAN) |
Albert Patrick (SCO) |
Keith Peache (ENG) |
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References [edit]
- ^ "Scottish independence referendum will increase interest in Glasgow 2014, it is claimed | Glasgow 2014". insidethegames.biz. 29 February 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-09.
- ^ "Glasgow makes final call for 2014 Games - Athletics - Scotsman.com". News.scotsman.com. 9 May 2007. Retrieved 2012-08-09.
External links [edit]
- Commonwealth Games official site
- 1986 Commonwealth Games – Australian Commonwealth Games website
- Video of the Opening Ceremony
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