199
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This article is about the year 199. For the number (and other uses), see 199 (number).
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 1st century – 2nd century – 3rd century |
| Decades: | 160s 170s 180s – 190s – 200s 210s 220s |
| Years: | 196 197 198 – 199 – 200 201 202 |
| 199 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishment and disestablishment categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 199 CXCIX |
| Ab urbe condita | 952 |
| Armenian calendar | N/A |
| Assyrian calendar | 4949 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -1645–-1644 |
| Bengali calendar | -394 |
| Berber calendar | 1149 |
| English Regnal year | N/A |
| Buddhist calendar | 743 |
| Burmese calendar | -439 |
| Byzantine calendar | 5707–5708 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊寅年十一月十七日 (2835/2895-11-17) — to —
己卯年十一月廿六日(2836/2896-11-26) |
| Coptic calendar | -85–-84 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 191–192 |
| Hebrew calendar | 3959–3960 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 255–256 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 121–122 |
| - Kali Yuga | 3300–3301 |
| Holocene calendar | 10199 |
| Iranian calendar | 423 BP – 422 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 436 BH – 435 BH |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Korean calendar | 2532 |
| Minguo calendar | 1713 before ROC 民前1713年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 742 |
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Year 199 (CXCIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Annullianus and Fronto (or, less frequently, year 952 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 199 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
[edit] Events
[edit] By place
[edit] Roman Empire
- Mesopotamia is partitioned into two Roman provinces divided by the Euphrates, Mesopotamia and Osroene.[1]
- Emperor Septimius Severus lays siege to the city-state Hatra in Central-Mesopotamia, but fails to capture the city despite breaching the walls.[2][3]
- Two new legions, I Parthica and III Parthica, are formed as a permanent garrison.[4]
[edit] Asia
- Geodeung succeeds Suro as king of the Korean kingdom of Gaya (traditional date).
- Sun Ce and Zhou Yu wed the Qiao sisters.[5]
[edit] By topic
[edit] Religion
- Pope Zephyrinus succeeds Pope Victor I as the fifteenth pope.[6]
[edit] Births
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[edit] Deaths
- Gongsun Zan, Chinese warlord (killed by Yuan Shao)[7]
- Gongsun Xu, son of Gongsun Zan
- Guan Jing, general under Gongsun Zan
- Ji Ling, general under Yuan Shu
- Tian Kai, general and Inspector of the Qing Province
- Yuan Shu, Chinese warlord (illness)[8]
- Zhang Xun, general under Yuan Shu (b. 156)
[edit] References
- ^ Boatwright, Mary Taliaferro; Gargola, Daniel J.; Talbert, Richard J. A. (2004). The Romans: from village to empire. Oxford University Press. p. 410. ISBN 9780195118759. http://books.google.com/books?id=1lBoAAAAMAAJ&q=Mesopotamia+and+Osroene+provinces+199&dq=Mesopotamia+and+Osroene+provinces+199.
- ^ Kohn, George C. (2007). Dictionary of wars (3rd ed.). Infobase Publishing. p. 451. ISBN 9780816065776. http://books.google.com/books?id=OIzreCGlHxIC&pg=PT463&dq=Septimius+Severus+captures+Hatra+199#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- ^ Bunson, Matthew (2002). Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire (2nd ed.). Infobase Publishing. p. 252. ISBN 9780816045624. http://books.google.com/books?id=T5tic2VunRoC&pg=PA252&dq=Septimius+Severus+captures+Hatra+199#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- ^ Erdkamp, Paul (2010). A Companion to the Roman Army. John Wiley and Sons. p. 272. ISBN 9781444339215. http://books.google.com/books?id=1D612o_X2VYC&pg=PA272&dq=Legio+I+Parthica+and+III+Parthica+are+formed#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- ^ Guanzhong, Luo (2008). The three kingdoms: teamwork, strategy and wisdom : a compact classic (3rd ed.). Asiapac Books Pte Ltd. p. 64. ISBN 9789812294524. http://books.google.com/books?id=_5JimMEaqB4C&pg=PA64&dq=Sun+Ce+and+Zhou+Yu+wed+the+Qiao+sisters+199#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- ^ Bunson, Matthew (2004). OSV's encyclopedia of Catholic history. Our Sunday Visitor Publishing. pp. 986–987. ISBN 9781592760268. http://books.google.com/books?id=dWpO1--eMrYC&pg=PA986&dq=Pope+Zephyrinus+succeeds+Victor+I+199#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- ^ Huang, Hongquan (1988). Anthology of Song Dynasty Ci-poetry. People's Liberation Army Pub. House. p. 542. http://books.google.com/books?ct=result&id=NdRHAAAAMAAJ&dq=Gongsun+Zan+killed+by+Yuan+Shao+199&q=killed+Gongsun+Zan#search_anchor.
- ^ Léon, Wieger (1928). Werner, Edward Theodore Chalmers. ed. China throughout the ages. Hsien Press. p. 449. http://books.google.com/books?id=gtcBAAAAMAAJ&q=Yuan+Shu+died+199&dq=Yuan+Shu+died+199.
